In February 2015 the leaders of Ukraine, Russia,Germany, and France agreed on a 13-point plan thatbrought a tenuous peace to the embattled Ukrainian

regions of Donetsk and Luhansk. By year’s end, some9,000 people had been killed and more than 20,000 hadbeen wounded in fighting between Ukrainian troops andRussian-backed rebels. Although sporadic fighting con-tinued throughout the year, a September cease-fire large-ly held, and both sides beganto withdraw heavy weaponsfrom the front. As Ukraine’ssoutheast settled into a stateof frozen conflict, RussianPres. Vladimir Putin (seeSpecial Report on page 312)lobbied for the lifting of sanc-tions that dated to Russia’sforcible annexation of theUkrainian autonomous re-public of Crimea in March2014.

Vital statisticsBirth rate per 1,000 population (2013): 11.1(world avg. 19.5).

Death rate per 1,000 population (2013):14.6 (world avg. 8.1).

Life expectancy at birth (2013): male 66.3years; female 76.2 years.

Adult population (ages 15–49) living withHIV (2013): 0.8% (world avg. 0.8%).

DemographyPopulation (2015): 45,124,000.Density (2015): persons per sq mi193.6, persons per sq km 74.8.

Sex distribution (20142): male46.24%; female 53.76%.

Population projection: (2020)43,626,000; (2030) 40,268,000.

Major cities (20142): Kiev2,868,702; Kharkiv 1,451,-132; Odesa (Odessa) 1,017,-022; Dnipropetrovsk 993,-094; Donetsk 949,825.

Urban-rural (2014):

Ukraine

Official name: Ukrayina (Ukraine).Form of government: unitary multiparty republicwith a single legislative house (VerkhovnaRada1 [450]).

Head of state: President Petro Poroshenko.Head of government: Prime Minister ArseniyYatsenyuk.

Capital: Kiev (Kyiv).Official language: Ukrainian.Official religion: none.Monetary unit: hryvnya (UAH); (Sept. 1, 2015) 1

U.S.$ = UAH 21.85; 1 £ = UAH 33.49.

Ethnic composition (2001):

Age breakdown (20142):

Religious affiliation (2004):

Area and populationarea population area population

20152 20152

Regions sq km estimate Regions sq km estimate

Cherkasy 20,900 1,251,816Chernihiv 31,865 1,055,673Chernivtsi 8,097 909,965Dnipropetrovsk 31,974 3,276,637Donetsk 26,517 4,297,250Ivano-Frankivsk 13,928 1,382,553Kharkiv 31,415 2,731,302Kherson 28,461 1,067,876Khmelnytsky 20,645 1,301,242Kirovohrad 24,588 980,579Kyiv (Kiev) 28,131 1,729,234Luhansk 26,684 2,220,151Lviv 21,833 2,537,799Mykolayiv 24,598 1,164,342Odesa (Odessa) 33,310 2,396,422Poltava 28,748 1,448,975Rivne 20,047 1,161,151

Sumy 23,834 1,123,448Ternopil 13,823 1,069,936Vinnytsya 26,513 1,610,573Volyn 20,144 1,042,918Zakarpattya (Transcarpathia) 12,777 1,259,570

Zaporizhzhya 27,180 1,765,926Zhytomyr 29,832 1,255,966

Autonomousrepublic/disputed area

Krym (Crimea)3 26,081 1,895,915

CitiesKiev (Kyiv) 839 2,887,974Sevastopol 864 398,973TOTAL 603,628 45,224,166

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National economyBudget (2008). Revenue: UAH 229,597,600,000 (tax revenue 73.8%,

of which VAT 40.1%, tax on profits 20.7%; nontax rev-enue 19.9%; grants 3.4%; other 2.9%). Expenditures:UAH 241,490,100,000 (public services 33.4%; social pro-tection 22.0%; education and health 12.4%; fuel andenergy 6.4%).

Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture,forestry, fishing (2013): corn (maize) 30,949,550, wheat22,793,000, potatoes 22,258,600, sunflower seeds11,050,480, sugar beets 10,789,400, barley 7,561,650, soy-beans 2,774,300, rapeseed 2,351,730, apples 1,126,8005,sour cherries 172,8005, garlic 171,4005; livestock (numberof live animals) 7,576,700 pigs, 4,645,900 cattle; round-wood 18,021,900 cu m, of which fuelwood 55%;

fisheries production (2012) 178,048 (from aquaculture 13%); aquaticplants production (2012) 60 (from aquaculture, none). Mining andquarrying (2011): iron ore (2013–14) 69,944,000; gypsum 676,000;ilmenite 500,000; manganese9 330,000. Manufacturing (value of salesin UAH ’000,000,000; 2012): food products, beverages, and tobaccoproducts 254.5; base and fabricated metals 223.8; textiles and wear-ing apparel 98.8; transportation equipment 74.0; refined petroleumproducts 63.1; chemicals 60.0. Energy production (consumption):electricity (’000,000 kW-hr; 2013–14) 188,000 ([2012] 175,000), bysource (2012): fossil fuels 48.7%; nuclear energy 45.4%; renewableenergy 5.9%, of which hydroelectric 5.5%, solar 0.2%, wind 0.1%,biomass and waste 0.1%; coal (metric tons; 2013–14) 57,400,00010

([2013] 70,800,00010); crude petroleum (barrels; 2013–14) 20,700,000([2011] 58,400,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 2011)8,834,000 (11,550,000); natural gas (’000,000 cu m; 2013–14) 17,000([2013] 48,000); peat (metric tons; 2011) 736,000 (n.a.).

Average household size (2011): 2.6.Public debt (external, outstanding; 2013): U.S.$32,859,000,000.Population economically active (2013): total (20102) 22,051,600; par-

ticipation rates: ages 15–70, male 71.6%; female 58.9%; unemployed7.2%, of which youth (ages 15–24) 17.4%.

Gross national income (GNI; 2014): U.S.$152,065,000,000 (U.S.$3,560per capita); purchasing power parity GNI (U.S.$8,560 per capita).

Land use as % of total land area (2011): in temporary crops 54.0%,left fallow 2.1%, in permanent crops 1.5%, in pasture 13.6%, forestarea 16.8%.

MilitaryTotal active duty personnel (November 2014):121,500 (army 52.7%, navy 5.8%, airforce/air defense 41.5%); reserve 1,000,000.Russian naval forces at Sevastopol(November 2014) 20,000. Military expendi-ture as percentage of GDP (2014): 2.7%; percapita expenditure U.S.$81.

Foreign trade8

Imports (2013): U.S.$76,964,000,000 (machinery andapparatus 16.2%, natural gas [in gaseous state] 15.0%,chemicals and chemical products 11.0%, transporta-tion equipment 7.7%, plastic and rubber 6.0%). Major import sources:

Exports (2013): U.S.$63,312,000,000 (iron and steel22.6%, machinery and apparatus 11.0%, cereals10.1%, chemicals and chemical products 6.8%, ores,slag, and ash 6.1%, crude and refined petroleum 4.5%,metal ore/metal scrap 4.1%). Major export destinations:

Transport and communicationsTransport. Railroads (2013): route length 13,425 mi,21,605 km; passenger-km 49,098,300,000; metricton-km cargo 224,017,800,000. Roads (2013): totallength 105,415 mi, 169,649 km (paved 98%); pas-senger-km 49,091,700,000; metric ton-kmcargo 40,487,200,000. Vehicles (2011): pas-senger cars 6,900,541; trucks and buses11

1,587,643.

Education and healthLiteracy (2011): 99.7%.Health (2013): physicians 217,000 (1 per 210 persons); hospitalbeds 398,000 (1 per 114 persons); infant mortality rate per1,000 live births 8.0; undernourished population (2006–08)less than 5% of total population based on the consumption ofa minimum daily requirement of 1,950 calories.

1Translated as Supreme Council. 2January 1. 3Russia forcibly annexed the Ukrainian autonomousrepublic of Crimea in March 2014. 4Includes “Kiev patriarchy,” “Moscow patriarchy,” “no particularpatriarchy,” and Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox. 52012. 6Net indirect taxes and taxes on produc-tion less subsidies and less imputed bank service charges. 7Unemployed. 8Imports c.i.f.; exports f.o.b.9Metal content. 10Includes negligible (less than 1%) production/consumption of lignite. 11Includes vans.12Subscribers.

Internet resource for further information:• State Statistics Service of Ukraine www.ukrstat.gov.ua

Structure of gross domestic product and labour force2008 2010

in value % of total labour % of labourUAH ’000,000 value force force

Agriculture, forestry, fishing 64,297 6.8 4,089,700 18.5Mining and quarrying 49,714 5.2Manufacturing 179,644 18.9 3,861,700 17.5Public utilities 29,583 3.1Construction 34,741 3.7 1,303,600 5.9Transp. and commun. 91,193 9.6 1,469,500 6.7Trade, restaurants 130,205 13.7 3,630,200 16.5Finance, real estate 1,033,200 4.7Pub. admin., defense } 284,353 29.9 1,106,800 5.0Services 3,771,300 17.1Other 86,1346 9.16 1,785,6007 8.17

TOTAL 949,864 100.0 22,051,600 100.0

}

Communications units unitsnumber per 1,000 number per 1,000

Medium date in ’000s persons Medium date in ’000s persons

TelephonesCellular 2014 61,17012 1,44112

Landline 2014 10,461 246

Internet users 2009 15,300 335Broadband 2014 3,57312 8412

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