UFORE

The Shell

General: an interaction between a computer and any other entity (printer, operator, etc.).Windows ExplorerMozilla FirefoxMac FinderLinux Konqueror

Here: a graphical user interface (GUI) that provides access to and exchanges data with UFORE components

What is a “shell”?

UFORE Input

Project setup

Project decisionsQ1: Study areaQ2: Sampling typeQ3: Plot number and

sizeQ4: OptionsQ5: Stratification

Details in the Manualhttp://www.fs.fed.us/ne/syracuse/Pubs/Downloads/gtrne287.pdf

Q3: Plot number and sizeNumber

30 – low budget, high error Near ±35%, depending on parameter

100 – medium budget, medium error Near ±20%, depending on parameter

200 – high budget, low error Near ±12%, depending on parameter

Size Typically 0.1 acre circle (37.2’ radius)Other possibilities ( Manual)

Project setup

Q4: OptionsLong-Term Data (Permanent plots)

Allow change to be measured carefullyTake longer = cost more

25-33%, depending on tree density

Ground Cover and ShrubsLocal decision on importanceHard to calculate function or value

Project setup

Plot generation INeed plots distributed randomly inside study areaThree waysShell can call automatic

plot generatorShell can be used for

manual plot inputPlots can be generated

by another program and imported

Automatic Plot GeneratorExtension to ArcMap 8-9.1Allows choice of

Plot numberSampling strategyStratification

Must also have Spatial Analyst extension

Generates random plot centers in a GIS

Currently not 9.2 SP1

Manual Plot Generation

Traditional methodMapGrid/dot overlayRandom number generator

AdvantagesCheapDoes not require software

DisadvantagesSlow

External Plot Generation

Various waysAnother GIS (e.g., ArcView 3.x)1

1legacy program available (unsupported)

Randomized GPS coordinates w/in domain ( Excel, e.g.)

Municipal software packages

Plots and coordinates can be Imported into the Shell Used on the PDA

Plot mapsNeeded

Master map of study area for planning Individual ground maps for crew

Scaled North oriented

View wide enough to locate reference points, narrow enough to see detail

Plot generation: output

Data collection MeansPaper forms

Copies in Manual, instruction binder and on CD

One set used per plot

PDAs Pocket PC platform Much faster and more accurate,

once PDAs learned Configuration automated

Can be combined Both available through Shell

Data collection Plot dataReference points

Utility pole Hydrant Etc.

Vegetation % tree cover % (im)permeable % shrub % plantable

Land use

Crew training: min 1 day

Data collection

Optional dataGround cover types,

amounts Building, turf, bare soil,

cement, etc.

Shrub types, amounts No regression formulae Describing volumes Must account for missing

leaves

Tree data NOTE: Tree = any woody vegetation, except vine,

with a DBH ≥ 1 inch

If permanent plots: dist./dir. to treeSpecies, DBHHeightCrown depth and widthCrown parameters (dieback, etc.)Location around buildings

See “UFORE Tree Fields” handout

Data Collection

Data Collection Most data fields clear to urban forestersExceptions: % Canopy MissingCrown Light ExposureModifications of FIA

(Forest Inventory and Analysis) fields

Manual!

Source: FIA training image

http://www.michiganash.org/publications/AshMonitoringProtocolHandbook.pdf

Data collection IIDetails on field data in ManualPDF can be searched for field code

on desktopCan cut codes from Word

document, load on to PDA as a file, search in field

Paper form and PDA both coordinate with Manual

Field problems not in Manual: i-Tree support (www.itreetools.org)

Data entryPDA: automatic through ActiveSyncPaper: through a module in ShellTools Enter Data from Paper Collection

Mickey Merritt, Texas Forest Service, *in* some yucky UFORE plot

Outside Exercise

EquipmentPlot mapPDAsPaper forms“UFORE Tree Fields”

Attitude!

AutoTransfer I

Data entryPaper form data

Enter into Shell with Data Entry modulePDA data

Upload through hot sync to local machineBoth end up in i-Tree Grand Database

In future: data processing will be done on local machineNow: sent to Syracuse FS unit

AutoTransfer IIField data upSent through the shell

Shell launches embedded FTP client Shell automatically uploads field data

UFORE engine in FS Syracuse calculates

Results downNotification from Syracuse FS to clientRetrieved through Shell

Downloaded automatically Imported into Shell

Analysis IBasicFundamental analyses, e.g.

Species, DBH class distributionsTotal pollution removalNet annual C storage/sequestration

by DBH class

Analysis IIIAnalysis (shell)Shell shows 12 most useful

analyses Automatically executedViewing options available

Advanced analyses at user’s commandDialogue box allows factor by factor

analysisChoice of format (pie, bar, etc.)

Analysis IIAdvancedUFORE code capable of

complex analysesE.g.

Carbon sequestration by DBH class by Land Use

Pollution removal by condition by DBH class

Primarily for researchers

Reporting IFormer detailedE.g., Brooklyn (2002)

Online: http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS64575

Conceived as a technical scientific report

68pp of tablesVery time-consuming

work

Reporting IICurrent enhancedTexas FS report

Pete Smith et alGood designGood web sense

http://www.houstonregionalforest.org/Report/

Reporting IIIReport Writer Will be built into shell Simple style

Embedded codes pull data from DB of results

In development

UFORE at work ILarge number of analyses already conductedAtlanta, GA; Baltimore, MD; Beijing, China; Boston,

MA; Brooklyn, NY; Calgary, Alberta; Freehold, NJ; Fuenlabrada, Spain; Greenville-Spartanburg, SC; Houston, TX; Hefei, China; Jersey City, NJ; Kent, OH; Minneapolis, MN; Moorestown, NJ; Morgantown, WV; New York, NY; Ningbo, China; Philadelphia, PA; Porto Alegre, Brazil (parks); San Francisco, CA; San Juan, PR, Santiago, Chile; Syracuse, NY; Toronto, Canada; Washington, DC; Wilmington, DE; Woodbridge, NJ.

Many others currently in progress

UFORE at work II

Being used to Establish function and value of lands

and forest under development pressure

Supply foundation for municipal management of its ecosystem, not just its *own* trees

Suggest optimal management strategies

Empower advocacy

UFORE at work IIIFuture is up to you

Wherever urban ecosystems are in question, UFORE can be of serviceDevelopment debatesLong-term maintenance objectivesRestoration goals

Great potential to help with some of the most important questions before us today

http://www.harc.edu/harc/Projects/CoolHouston/About/Documents/CoolHoustonPlan.pdf