Introduction

Waste heat recovery opportunity to improve system level efficiency

Thermoelectric generator (TEG) no moving parts high reliability Environmentally Friendly

Most TEG materials intermetallic compounds or metal low melting and decomposition, temperature,

toxicity or scarcity. This research looks into developing thermoelectric ceramic materials for exhaust waste heat recovery.

Uday M. Basheer Al-Naib , Alias Mohd Noor , Srithar Rajoo, Mohammed Mustafa Abdelhafd, Lim Chin Hwa

UTM Centre for Low Carbon Transport in cooperation with Imperial College London, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor, Malaysia.

Possible Thermoelectric Applications

Research Approach

TEG Modules TEG modules consist of 2 materials : N-type materials Voltage is higher at the hot side

compared to cold side

P-type materials Voltage is higher at the cold

side compared to hot side

Modeling of Thermoelectric Module

Advantages of Thermoelectric Ceramic materials

Further Information: Srithar Rajoo Director UTM LOCARTIC Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Johor, Malaysia Tel : +6075536225 Fax : +6075566159 Web : www.utm.my/locartic

Further Information: Uday M. Basheer Al-Naib Senior Lecturer/Researcher Fellow UTM LOCARTIC Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 81310 Johor, Malaysia Tel : +6075536495 H/P : +60174971905 Web :mech.utm.my/uday/

P-type materials Preparation

Ca3CO4O9

CaCo3,

Ca(NO3)2

Co3O4,

Co(NO3)2

Solid state reaction, Sol gel

methods

Calcination

(300-500°C)

Grinding

and milling

Fabrication

process

P-type powder ready

Characterizations

N-type materials Preparation

Zn precursor

Mixture preparation of Zinc,

Aluminum or Gallium nitrates

Stirred at (60 °C)

Solution of

NH4HCO3

Hydrolysis preparation of gel

aging for 1 hr. ambient

temperature

Drying removal solvents

(50-100°C)

Firing process

(1000-1400°C)

Grinding

and milling

Fabrication

process

N-type powder ready

Characterizations

N P N P

N P

P

P

Heat

N-type P-type

Ca3CO4O9

nanoparticles

ZnO nano particles

EDX analysis

EDX analysis

X-ray spectroscope (EDS) Elemental Mapping Analysis for nanoceramics using in this project

Ca3CO4O9 ZnO

EDS analysis EDS analysis Nano particles

Nano particles

Thermoelectric effect is the conversion of thermal energy into electrical energy, due to temperature gradient. Thermoelectric combines 3 effects, Seebeck Effect Temperature difference generates electric potential (voltage) * Used for temperature measurement with thermocouples. Peltier Effect An electrical current creates a cooling or heating effect at the junction depending on the direction of current flow. * Used for accurate cooling. Thomson Effect Heat generation is proportional to electric current and temperature gradient.

TEG Modules

P-type N-type

ZnO Doped Al

Ca3CO4O9 Doped Bi

Heat Transfer

Ceramic Electronics

Nano

Design and Modeling

Preparation and Fabrication

Module fabrication and Testing

Design of Prototype

Research at LOCARTIC focuses on development and testing of thermoelectric ceramic materials for exhaust energy recovery

3D TEG Module

Surface: Temperature (°C)