u8-to-basic referee course

U8-to-Basic Referee Course

OBJECTIVES

Understand the differences betweenU-8 and U-10 play in AYSO

Understand the basics of offside

Use appropriate signals

Have a basic understanding of fouls and misconduct (and free kicks)

Have a cursory understanding of the fundamentals of play

U8-to-Basic Referee Course 1.1

Understanding U-10 Players

U8-to-Basic Referee Course 1.1 - Lesson 1

U-10 PlayersPhysical Characteristics

More interested in competitive activities

More interested in improving skills

Attention span is increasing

May accept a physical touch,but some will begin to reject it


U-10 PlayersSocial/Emotional Characteristics

Group acceptance is importantWants to be liked

Still generally cooperative with adults

Crave praise and attention

May blame othersto explain their own mistakes


U-10 PlayersThought/Cognitive Characteristics

Can recall details with accuracy

Can understand the concept of cause and effect

Enjoys attention but their reaction to praise may be more subdued

Still takes what is said quite literally


Understanding U-10 Players

Implications for how we officiate these games


Field of Play


Touch Line

Goa

l Lin

e

Goal

Corner Flag

Halfw

ay Lin

e

Center Circle

Penalty Area

GoalArea

Corner Arc

Penalty Mark

Penalty Arc

Halfway Flag

Pre-game Duties and Activities

Arrive early

Check field and equipment

Introduce yourself to the Coaches

Check players equipment

Brief Assistant Referees

Conduct coin toss

Assistant referees are often used in U-10 games.

They are dressed and equippedthe same as the referee

The assistant referees help the referee with the pre-game duties



Arrive early

At least 15 minutes prior to game time(20-30 mins if first game of the day)

In proper uniform (look like a team)



Arrive early

With required equipment

Why should the assistant referee also have this equipment?



Check Field and Equipment

MarkingsHoles, glass, rocks, debris, etc.Goals (properly secured)Nets (secured, no holes/gaps)Corner flagsBall



Use the assistant referees to help check players equipment

Team Uniform Shirt, Shorts, Shoes, Socks, Shinguards

If thermal shorts are worn, theymust be the same color as the shorts

Shinguards must be under the socks

Goalkeeper’s shirt must be distinguishable from all other players and the referee



Check players equipment

Nothing dangerous (in the referee’s opinion) No jewelry, watches, earrings

No casts or splints (even if padded)

Knee braces are okay, but only if padded and safe to all players (in your opinion)

Medical alert bracelets may be worn, but must be secured to the player with tape, cloth wristband or something similar that is safe.

The information must remain visible




Neutral AR’s:

Work as a team

Follow standard signals

Discuss non-standard signals




Club Linesmen:Non-neutralExplain expectations;Put at easeOnly call in/out of playRaise flag straight up when ball has

gone completely over the line.U8-to-Basic Referee Course 1.1 - Lesson 1

Checking for Learning

During the safety inspection of the players, the referee notices that a player is wearing

earrings. She explains that she had her ears pierced the previous day and if she

removes the earrings the holes will close. What should the referee do?

The referee should explain to the player that earrings are not permitted; if she wishes to play, she must remove them. The referee

may choose to involve the coach.



In a U-10 game, the ball offered by the home team is a size 3 but otherwise

acceptable. What should the referee do?

Point out to the team that provided the ball that it is the wrong size and ask for a size 4 ball. If the team cannot provide one, ask the other team for one. If no size 4 ball is available, play the match

with a size 3 ball.



During the field inspection, the assistant referee notices that a goal is being held in place by two bricks placed on the back of

the structure. What should the assistant referee do?

Bricks resting on the goal structure are not sufficient to anchor it securely. The

assistant referee should inform the referee of the problem, who in turn should inform

the coaches that the goals need to be securely anchored before the match can

start.U8-to-Basic Referee Course 1.1 - Lesson 1


The goalkeeper must wear a jersey that is __?

Different from the referee and all other players

It is not necessary to check the field prior to the start of the match if it is the last game of the day. (True/False)

False



A club linesman may indicate whether a corner kick can be awarded or not. (True/False)

False. Club linesmen can only indicate when the ball has gone over the touchline or the goal

line (not a goal).

Knee braces may be worn by a player (T/F)

True, but only if padded and if it is safe for all players, in the opinion of the referee.


Now that we’ve finished our pre-game activities....

How do we start the game?


Coin tossAssistant referees typically join the referee

for the coin toss to reinforce the notion of an officiating team.

Starting the Game

But this may notalways be possible


Verify the correct numberof players on the field

(no visible/audible counting).

Minimum of seven (7) players on each team for full-sided

regulation games.

Starting the Game


All players must be on their own side

A

D

D

A

A

A

A

A

A

A

D

D DD

D

D

Defenders must be 10 yds from the ball


The assistant referee lets the referee know he’s ready to start the game by:

•Making eye contact with the referee, and•Unfurling the flag

Starting the Game



The team that wins the coin toss

gets to choose ____ ?

Which goal to attack

Where should the players be on a kick-off?

Each team should be in its

own half of the field.

The team that is not taking the kick-off must be outside the center circle.


Stopping the Game

There are seven reasons to stop play:

1.Ball goes out of play2.The referee deems it necessary3.Goal is scored4.Foul is committed5.Injury6.Substitution7.Halftime / End of Game


The lines of the field are part of the area they define:

IN

OUT

In Play

In Play

Out of Play

In Play

Either in the air or on the ground


The ball’s position determines whether it is in or out of play;

Not the player’s position


Play is stopped when the referee deems it necessary

Sometimes there are outside influences that

make it necessary to stop play.


Play is stopped when a goal is scored

When the ball crosseswholly over the goal line,between the goalpostsand beneath the crossbar.

It does not matter which team put it there.


Play is stopped when a foul is committed

This is something that is unfair or unsafe.


Play is stopped for injuries

ANYTIME IMMEDIATELY

In younger players’ games it’s better to err on the side of

caution


Play is stopped for injuries

Blood on clothing must be

neutralized.

Blood on the body must be

removed.

This is the coach’s responsibility


Play is stopped for substitutions

There are four opportunities for substitutions during a regulation match:

1.Injury2.Approx. midway through the first half3.Halftime4.Approx. midway through the second half


Play is stopped at the end of the first half and at the end of the game



When can the referee stop play for an injury?

Anytime

Immediately

A player dribbling the ball steps over the line. The ball is out of play. (True/False)

False. It’s the position of the ball (not the player) that determines whether the ball is

in play or not.



How many substitution opportunities are there in a regulation match?

Four

Name them

Approx. midway through the first half

Halftime

Approx. midway through the second half

Injury


Checking for LearningA player is injured and leaves the field

(with the referee’s permission). What are the coach’s substitution options?

1.The team can play short until the player returns to the field (with the referee’s permission); or

2.A substitute can replace the injured player.



A player is injured and leaves the field (with the referee’s permission). The coach

decides to substitute the injured player. Which player gets credit for the “quarter”?

The player that started the “quarter”.



If the boundary line of the field is a rut in the grass and the ball gets caught in the

rut as it rolls, is it in play?

Yes. The lines are a part of the area they define. The ball remains in play until the entire ball crosses the entire line.



According to the National Rules and Regulations, what is the minimum amount

of time each team member must play?

Half the game (two “quarters”)


Restarting the Game

For some reason, the game has been stopped.(Injury, goal, foul, ball out of play, etc.)

How do we restart play?


Restarting the Game

THROW-IN

When the ball passes out of play over a touch line, play is restarted with a Throw-in.

The throw is taken by the opponents of the team that last touched the ball.

The throw is taken from the approximate point on the line where the ball left the field.

Basic Referee Course 1.1 - Lesson 1

Restarting the Game

THROW-IN

At the moment of deliveringthe ball, the thrower must:

•Face the field of play;

•Have part of each foot touching the ground either on or behind the line; and

•Use both hands to deliver the ball from behind and over the head.


Restarting the GameTHROW-IN

•The ball is in play as soon as released and any portion of it is on or over the outside edge of the touchline.

•Opposing players must be at least 2 yds. from the point of the throw-in.

•A goal may not be scored directly from a throw-in.


Restarting the Game

GOAL KICK

When the whole ball passes over the goal line, last touched by an attacker (not a

goal), play is restarted with a Goal Kick for the defending team.

The ball is placed anywhere in the goal area.


GOAL KICK

All of these balls are legally placedwithin the goal area.


Restarting the Game

GOAL KICK

The ball is in play when it leaves the penalty area into the field of play

The kicker cannot touch the ball a second time until it’s touched by any other player.

A goal can be scored directly from a goal kick, but only against the opposing team.


Restarting the GameCORNER KICK

When the whole ball passes over the goal line, last touched by a defender (not a goal), play is restarted with a Corner Kick for the attacking team.

The ball is placed anywhere

within the corner arc area.


Restarting the Game

All of these ballsare legally placed

CORNER KICK


CORNER KICK

Players from the opposing team must be 10 yds. from the ball.

The ball is in play when it is kicked(with a kicking motion) and moves.

It does not have to leave thecorner arc area.

The kicker cannot move the corner flag.

A goal can be scored directly from a corner kick.


Restarting the Game

A way to restart play for an unusual but neutral reason.

DROPPED BALL

Examples:

InjuryDog on the field

Stray ball on the field


The referee drops the ball where it was when play was stopped.

The ball is dropped from the players’ waist height.

The ball is in play when it hits the ground.

If a player kicks the ball before it hits the ground, the ball is dropped again.

DROPPED BALL


Restarting the Game

A way to restart play when the Referee has stopped play because of a foul.

FREE KICKS

There are two types of free kicks:

Direct Free KickIndirect Free Kick


Restarting the Game

Direct Free Kick (DFK)A goal can be scored directly from the kick

(against the opposing team)

Indirect Free Kick (IFK)The ball must touch any other player before

a goal can be scored


Restarting the Game

To signal an Indirect Free Kick, the Referee holds his hand

straight up into the air.

The hand remains in this position until the ball either (a) touches

any other player, or (b) goes out of play.

There is no signal for a Direct Free Kick


Restarting the Game

The kicker may not touch the ball a

second time until it has touched

another player.Exception: If a free kick taken by the defending team in its own penalty area is

touched a second time before the ball leaves the penalty area, the kick is

retaken.U8-to-Basic Referee Course 1.1 - Lesson 1

In most cases a Free Kick (both types) is:

•Taken from the location of the foul, and

•In play once it is kicked (with a kicking motion) and moves.

•All opponents mustbe 10 yds. from the ball.

But there are some

exceptions.


If a free kick of any type is

awarded to the defending team in

its own penalty area…

The ball is in play once it leaves the Penalty Area into the field of play

Direction of Kick


If a free kick of any type is

awarded to the defending team in its own goal area,

the ball can be placed anywhere in the goal area

The ball is in play once it leaves the Penalty Area into the field of play

Direction of Kick


If an IFK is awarded to the

attacking team in its opponent’s

goal area, the ball is moved out to

the goal area line.

The ball is in play once it is kicked

and moves.

Direction of Kick


If a Direct Free Kick Foul is

awarded to the attacking team in the opponent’s penalty area, a penalty kick is

awarded instead.

The ball is in play when it is kicked

and moves forward.

Direction of Kick


PENALTY KICK(U-10 and above, only)

•A penalty kick is awarded when a direct free kick foul has been committed by a team within its own penalty area.

•All players (other than the kicker and the goalkeeper) must be:-Outside the penalty area and penalty arc-Behind the ball

Until the ball is played.


PENALTY KICK(U-10 and above, only)

•The goalkeeper must remain on the goal line (but can move side-to-side) until the ball is in play.

•The ball is in playonce it is kicked and moves forward.

•The kicker may not touch the ball a second time until touched by any other player.



The ball goes completely over the touch line, last touched by an attacker.

What is the restart?

Throw-in for the defending team

The ball goes completely over the goal line (not a goal), last touched by a

defender. What is the restart?

Corner Kick



Is this ball legally placed for a corner kick?

Yes



What does this signal indicate?

Indirect Free Kick



How many players must be present for the taking of a dropped ball?

There is no requirement

The ball goes completely over the goal line (not a goal), last touched by an

attacker. What is the restart?

Goal Kick


Fouls and Misconduct

OBJECTIVES:

Explain the two categories of fouls

Cover fouls that occur in younger players’ games

Introduce the concept of misconduct


A foul is an unsafe or unfair act:

1.Committed by a player2.Against an opponent3.On the field of play4.While the ball is in play

All four elements must exist for the incident to

be a foul.U8-to-Basic Referee Course 1.1 - Lesson 2

Fouls are categorized into two types:

Direct Free Kick foulsIndirect Free Kick fouls

These categories are named for the way play is restarted


Direct Free Kick fouls

There are 10

1. Kicks an opponent2. Trips an opponent3. Strikes an opponent

Even the attempt to commit any of these

three actions is a foul.



There are 10

4. Jumps at an opponent5. Unfairly charges an

opponent6. Pushes an opponent7. Tackles an opponent



There are 10

8. Holds an opponent9. Spits at an opponent10. Handles the ball deliberately



Six of these fouls most commonly occur in U-10 and younger age groups:

• Kicks an opponent• Trips an opponent• Pushes an opponent• Holds an opponent• Unfairly charges an opponent• Handles the ball deliberately


Indirect Free Kick fouls

There are 7

The first four pertain solely to the goalkeeper in his own penalty area.

1. Takes more than six seconds while controlling the ball with his hands, before releasing it from his possession




2. Touches the ball again with his hands after it has been released from his possession and has not touched any other player.




3. Touches the ball with his hands after it has been deliberately kicked to him by a team-mate.




4. Touches the ball with his hands after he has received it directly from a throw-in taken by a team-mate.



The remaining three pertain to all players.

5. Plays in a dangerous manner

6. Impedes the progress of an opponent

7. Prevents the goalkeeper from releasing the ball from his hands


Two of these fouls most commonly occur in U-10 and younger age groups:

• Plays in a dangerous manner

• Goalkeeper takes more than six seconds to put the ball into play

Indirect Free Kick

Be prompt with the Dangerous Play call.Don’t be too ticky-tacky with the “six second” call


MISCONDUCTBehavior that is in serious conflict with the spirit of the game and good sportsmanship

(Something that’s very rare in the U-10 game)

Two types of Misconduct:

Those resulting in a Caution

Those resulting in a Send-Off


MISCONDUCTThere are seven cautionable offences:

1. Unsporting behavior2. Dissent by word or action3. Persistently infringes the Laws of the Game4. Delays the restart of play5. Fails to respect the required distance on a

corner kick, free kick or throw-in6. Enters/re-enters the field of play without

permission7. Leaves the field of play without permission


MISCONDUCTThere are seven send-off offences:

1. Serious foul play2. Violent conduct3. Spits at any person4. Denies a goal or obvious goal-scoring

opportunity by deliberately handling the ball5. Denies an obvious goal-scoring opportunity

by an offense punishable by a free kick or penalty kick

6. Offensive/insulting/abusive language or gestures

7. Receives a second caution in the same matchU8-to-Basic Referee Course 1.1 - Lesson 2

Misconduct is rare in U-10 games.

Referees should deal with it informally without showing cards.


Coaches and spectators can be warned and even dismissed from the game.

But they must never be shown the red or yellow card.


Checking for LearningThere are two types of fouls. Name them.

Direct Free Kick Fouls

Indirect Free Kick Fouls

Why are the fouls given these names?

They are named for the way play is restarted after the referee has stopped

play because of the foul.


Checking for LearningWhat are the six Direct Free Kick fouls

most often seen in U-10 games?

Kicking an opponent

Tripping an opponent

Pushing an opponent

Holding an opponent

Unfairly Charging an opponent

Handling the ball deliberately



What are the two Indirect Free Kick fouls most often seen in U-10 games?

Dangerous Play

Goalkeeper takes more than six seconds to put the ball into play


Checking for LearningWhat kind of foul is:

Handling the ball deliberately?

Direct Free Kick Foul

What kind of foul is:

Pushing an opponent?

Direct Free Kick Foul


Checking for LearningWhat kind of foul is:

Playing in a dangerous manner?

Indirect Free Kick Foul

If a player tries to hit another opponent but misses, the referee cannot call a foul.

(True/False)

False. Even the attempt to strike an opponent can be a foul.


Checking for LearningThe ball bounces up and hits a player in

the arm. Is this a foul?

No

A player that’s lying on the ground kicks at the ball. No one else is near.

Is this dangerous play?

No


Checking for LearningThe referee thinks a foul may have occurred

but he’s not sure. Should he stop play?

No

A U-10 player is guilty of one of the types of Misconduct. The player should be shown

the yellow or red card. (True/False)

The referee has the authority to show the card, but should work together with the

coach to resolve the matter without displaying a card.


Checking for LearningA coach is behaving badly and the referee elects to dismiss the coach from the field. If the coach’s conduct is terribly bad, the referee may show the coach the red card.

Cards are solely for the players.

Coaches/Spectators are NEVER

to be shown the cards.


The Offside Law is the only law that restricts tactical positioning during dynamic play.

The offside law is intended to ensure that players earn the right to shoot on goal.

OFFSIDE


Elements of the offside infraction:

1.Position

2.Time of Judgment

3.Active Involvement

All three elements must be present or there cannot be an

infraction

OFFSIDE


OFFSIDE

Offside PositionA Player is in an offside position if he is:

1.In the opponents’ half of the field;

2.Closer to the opponents’ goal line than at least two opponents; and

3.Closer to the opponents’ goal line than the ball

All three elements must be present or the player is not in an offside position, and

there cannot be an infraction


Offside Position

It is not an offence to be in an offside positionIt just means that player ismomentarily off his team.

He cannot interfere with play or any of the opposing players.

He cannot have any involvement in the match.He’s off his team.


OFFSIDE

Time of Judgment

Offside Position is judged at the momentthe ball touches or is played by one of his team


OFFSIDE

Active Involvement

A player may be involved in active play by:

1. Interfering with play;

2. Interfering with an opponent; or

3.Gaining an advantage by being in that position.


OFFSIDE

Once all three of these conditions have been met:POSITIONTIME OF JUDGMENTACTIVE INVOLVEMENT

An offside infraction has occurred

An indirect free kick is awarded to the opposing team from the place the infringement occurred.


OFFSIDE

Exceptions

There is no offence if a player receives the ball directly from:

Goal Kick

Corner Kick

Throw-In


A

AR

D

D

A

Direction of attack

OFFSIDE

A1A2

A


A

AR

D

D

A

Direction of attack

NOT OFFSIDE

A1A2 A


A

AR

D

D

A

Direction of attack

NOT OFFSIDE

A1A2 A

AA3


A

AR

D

D

A

Direction of attack

NOT OFFSIDE

Goal Kick

A1A2

A


A

AR

DD

Direction of attack

OFFSIDE

A

Deflection off goalpost or goalkeeper


A

AR

D

Direction of attack

NOT OFFSIDE

A

D


A

AR

D

Direction of attack

OFFSIDEA

D

A


A

AR

D

Direction of attack

OFFSIDE

A

D


A

AR

D

Direction of attack

OFFSIDE

A

D

D

A


A

AR

D

Direction of attack

NOT OFFSIDE D

D

AA


A

AR

D

Direction of attack

OFFSIDED

D

ACorner Kick

A


Key Takeaways

It is not an offence to be in an offside position

Wait for Active Involvement before penalizing for offside

The player is not required to touch the ball for the offside to be penalized


Referee and Asst. Referee Mechanics

U8-to-Basic Referee Course 1.1 – Lesson 4

What are the Duties of the Referee ?

1. Keep a record of the matcha. Timekeeperb. Scorekeeperc. Control substitutionsd. File a written report2. Stop play for injury3. Restart play when it has been stopped4. Suspend/terminate a match for cause


REFEREE COMMUNICATION / SIGNALS

Whistle Voice

Hand


REFEREE POSITIONING

Fouls andinjuries

Touch line

Goa

l lin

e

AR 1

R

O ffside

D irection of p lay

AR 2

Diagram 1


REFEREE POSITIONING

Fouls andin juries

Touch lineG

oal l

ine

AR 1

R

D irection of p lay

AR 2

O ffside


REFEREE POSITIONING

Fouls andin juries

Touch lineG

oal

lin

e

AR 1

R

D irection of p lay

AR 2

O ffside

Diagram 3U8-to-Basic Referee Course 1.1 – Lesson 4

ASST. REFEREE DUTIES AND SIGNALS

Neutral Assistant Referee:

•Indicate ball out of play•Indicate which side gets

throw-in, goal kick or corner kick•Indicate when offside infringement has occurred•Indicate when substitution is desired•Assist the referee to control the game



Club Linesmen

Only indicate ball in-and-out of play



FLAG SIGNALS:

•Throw-in•Goal Kick•Corner Kick•Offside•Goal•Other


Key Takeaways

The Referee’s role is to ensure the game is Fun, Fair and Safe

Assistant Referees assist the Referee

The referee team positions themselves to “box” play



Who determines when the half is over?

The Referee

Who makes the offside call?

The Referee



What method of communication by the Referee is most effective to say to the players

“Stop playing – I saw a foul”?

The whistle

What is the Assistant Referee’s signal for a throw-in awarded to the attacking team?

Faces the field of play and raises the flag 45 degrees above the diagonal in his right hand,

parallel to the touch line



What method of communication by the Referee is most effective to announce to the players

to take a kickoff?

The whistle

What is the Club Linesman’s signal for athrow-in awarded to the attacking team?

None. A Club Linesman can only indicate when the ball has gone completely out of play (by raising the flag straight up). He cannot indicate who gets the throw-in.


FUNDAMENTAL COACHING CONCEPTS


OBJECTIVES OF THE GAME

ATTACKERS: DEFENDERS:



ATTACKERS: DEFENDERS:SCORE



ATTACKERS: DEFENDERS:SCORE STOP SCORING




ADVANCE




ADVANCE DELAY




ADVANCE DELAY

MAINTAIN POSSESSION




ADVANCE DELAY

MAINTAIN POSSESSION REGAIN POSSESSION


PRINCIPLES OF PLAY

ATTACKERS: DEFENDERS:


PRINCIPLES OF PLAY

ATTACKERS: DEFENDERS:PENETRATION


PRINCIPLES OF PLAY

ATTACKERS: DEFENDERS:PENETRATION DELAY


PRINCIPLES OF PLAY


DEPTH


PRINCIPLES OF PLAY


DEPTH DEPTH


PRINCIPLES OF PLAY


DEPTH DEPTH

MOBILITY


PRINCIPLES OF PLAY


DEPTH DEPTH

MOBILITY BALANCE


PRINCIPLES OF PLAY


DEPTH DEPTH

MOBILITY BALANCE

WIDTH


PRINCIPLES OF PLAY


DEPTH DEPTH

MOBILITY BALANCE

WIDTH CONCENTRATION


PRINCIPLES OF PLAY


DEPTH DEPTH

MOBILITY BALANCE

WIDTH CONCENTRATION

CREATIVITY


PRINCIPLES OF PLAY


DEPTH DEPTH

MOBILITY BALANCE

WIDTH CONCENTRATION

CREATIVITY COMPOSURE


In AYSO,It’s about more than the game !

U8-to-Basic Referee Course

u8-to-basic referee course

Documents

basic understanding

pregame dutiesu8

understanding u

game time20

refereethe assistant

referees opinion

activitiescheck field

cursory understanding