(u4) electronics&robotics class/ict...

(U4) ELECTRONICS&ROBOTICS CLASS/ICT ACTIVITIES

1 NAME AND SURNAMES: 1 NAME AND SURNAMES:

Group:

Day/Date Signatures Day/Date Signatures

1/ Name1: Name2: 2/ Name1:

1. Electrical symbols (web+paper). Write down the name of the electrical components below:

resistance fuse

variable resistor

(potentiometer) two-way switch

2. Forms of energy (web+paper). Draw, in the table below, the symbol and the main form of

energy the electric components produce:

electricity 3. Direct Current versus Alternating Current (web+paper). Write the voltage the power

supplies below (cell, batteries and mains) provide (notice the example):

230 V (AC)

4. Electric Circuits 1 (web+paper). Label the electric circuit below with these words:

protection device, control device, load device, power supply, conductor, current, positive

terminal, negative terminal. Draw its circuit diagram (with symbols)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM OF A LAMP

5. Electric Circuits 2 (web+paper). Circuit CIR1 shows the electric circuit of a halogen lamp.

Complete the circuit diagram and trace an arrow to show the direction of the current.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM CIR1

• Explain how the circuit works using this list of words: open, current, light, closed, positive,

off, lights, increases, decreases, negative.

• Explanation: when the switch is _____ (OFF position) there is not ________ through the

circuit (the lamp does not_____ up). After flipping the switch to the ON position (the switch

is____), the current generated by the battery comes out of the ______ terminal of the

battery and passes through the switch and the potentiometer.

If the slider (the potentiometer sliding contact) is at position A, the potentiometer does

not give any resistance (no opposition) and the _____ through the circuit is at its maximum,

that is to say, the lamp _____ up at maximum intensity (maximum brightness).

If the slider is at position C, the resistance is at its maximum and the lamp will be _ (or

lighting up at minimum intensity). As we move the slider from A to C, the resistance of the

potentiometer ______ from 0 to maximum, the current ________ and the light of the lamp

gets dimmer. The current comes back to the battery through its _______ terminal.

Summary:

• The ______ resistance, the ______ current through the circuit.

• The less ______, the more ______ through the circuit.

• The more current through the lamp, the more energy (_____ and_____) the lamp produces.

6. EXTRA. For circuit CIR2 you are asked:

• To draw its circuit diagram.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM CIR2

• To draw, using arrows ( ), the path through which the current passes (in case the current

flows) from the positive terminal of the battery to its negative terminal. Indicate also the

direction of rotation of the motor (clockwise or anti clockwise ):

• To explain how it works: In order to make the current flow we have to close the _______

switch and, when flipping the ________ switch to position 1, the motor spins ________ ; when

flipping the two-way switch to position 2, the motor spins________.

7. EXTRA. Circuit CIR3 is an alarm circuit. The owner uses this circuit to select a light alarm (a

lamp) or a sound alarm (a buzzer). For this circuit you are asked:

• To label the six components the circuit contains and complete the table below:

1way switch 2way Lamp Buzzer

open switch it does not light up it does not ring

position 2 it rings

it lights up

Lamp it does not ring

8. Label the 4 components in the circuit below and complete the text (web+paper):

The ________ is the power supply. It produces the electric _______ (flow of electrons).

Conventional current comes out of the ________ terminal of the battery and returns into the

_________ terminal. The voltage of this battery is 9 _____.

When the switch is open (switch off) no ________ flows in the circuit. If we want to turn

on the lamp we have to _________ the switch (switch on). The switch is the _______ device in

this circuit.

The _____ (light bulb) is the _______ device in this circuit. Lamps transform ________

energy into ______ (light energy) and _______ (thermal energy). The resistance of this lamp is

10 ____ (Ω).

The copper _______ is the conductor. Current flows through the wires from the positive

_________ of the battery to its _________ terminal. If we drag the ammeter on to the

circuit we can see how much current flows through the circuit: 0,9 ___________ (A).

9. Draw a series circuit with 3 resistors, a parallel circuit with 3 lamps and a compound circuit

with 2 resistor and a lamp (web+paper)

SERIES CIRCUIT1 PARALLEL CIRCUIT2 COMPOUND CIRCUIT3

10. Connect three cells in series (circuit1), 3 in parallel (circuit2) and three lamps in a compound

circuit3 (do not forget to mark the two terminals of the connection) (paper only):

SERIES CIRCUIT1 PARALLEL CIRCUIT2 COMPOUND CIRCUIT3

11. Series Circuit 1.In the circuit below you are asked (web+paper) ( VVA 9= and VVG 0= )

Label (in the picture) the 5 components of the circuit (circuit on the right):

List the components that consume electrical energy:

Now measure current (ammeter) and voltage (voltmeter) in the circuit (web):

• Current supplied by the battery:

• Current through the resistor:

• Current through the lamp:

• Current through the motor:

• Is the current the same?

• Type of connection:

• Voltage supplied by the battery (VA – VG):

• Voltage drop across the resistor (VB –VC):

• Voltage drop across the lamp (VC – VD):

• Voltage drop across the motor (VE - VF):

• VB: VC: VD:

• VE: VF:



12. Series Circuit 2 (website only)

What have you learn? In a series circuit the current is always _______ and the total

voltage is _______ between the components.

13. Series Circuit 3. Look at the data given in the series circuit below and find (calculate) the

missing ones (don’t forget to write the units) (web+paper):

SERIES CIRCUIT KNOWN UNKNOWN (CALCULATIONS):

• VL1= ¿?

• VL2= 1,5 V

• VL3= 2 V

• Ibattery= 12 A

Current through L1:

Current through L3:

Voltage supplied by the battery:

Voltage drop across L1:

14. Parallel Circuit 1 (website only):

What have you learnt? In a parallel circuit the voltage is _______ and the total current is

_______ between the components (branches).

15. Parallel Circuit 2. Look at the data given in the parallel circuit below and find (calculate) the

missing ones (don’t forget to write the units) ) (web+paper):

PARALLEL CIRCUIT KNOWN UNKNOWN (CALCULATIONS):

• IL1= ¿?

• IL2= 3 A

• IL3= 4 A

• Ibattery= 12 A

Current through L1:




16. Compound Circuit 1 (paper only). Look at the data given in the compound circuit below and

find (calculate) the missing ones (don’t forget to write the units); the switch is closed:

Ibattery = 12 A IL2= 5 A VL2= 6 V

Current through L1:

Current through L3 (calculations):




17. Ohm’s Law. Complete the table below with electrical quantities (magnitudes) and units:

MAGNITUDE UNIT MAGNITUDE UNIT MAGNITUDE UNIT

V: I: R:

Calculate (you must make the calculations here) the 3 magnitudes in the examples below:

(web+paper):

Example 1 Example 2 Example 3

VVbattery 9=

Ω= 3lampR

?lampI

?batteryV

Ω=12lampR

AIlamp 25,0=

VVbattery 5,1=

?lampR

mAIlamp 15=

18. Ohm’s Law. Calculate the resistance of each lamp (RL1, RL2, RL3) and the total circuit

resistance (RT) in the circuits below. Check your results in the website (web+paper)

• Vab= Va-Vb = 1 V

• Vbc= Vb-Vc = 2 V

• Vcd= Vc-Vd = 3 V

• Ibattery= 0,1 A

• IL1= 0,5 A

• IL2= 0,2 A

• IL3= 1 A

19. Extra. In the circuit below, you are asked (web+paper):

a) To do the calculations in this piece of paper

b) To simulate the circuit

VVbattery 20=

Ω= 62RΩ= 41R

a) Calculate the total resistance

b) Draw the current (direction)

c) Calculate the current

d) Calculate the following voltage drops: VAB, VBC,VCA

e) Draw the voltage drops (VAB, VBC and VCA)

Calculations:



20. Electricity versus Electronics. Decide if the circuits below are electric or electronic

circuits and label the properties with the words icity or onics (paper only):

They use components capable of operating

and controlling small currents:

Uses: they are used in telecommunications,

sound, photography, video, etc.:

They work with high voltages and currents:

Electrical components include light bulbs, motors, relays, etc.:

They use bigger components that need much more power to work:

Uses: lighting houses, powering motors… (high output):

21. Electronic components (web only):

22. An electronic circuit is a combination of electronics components and conductive wires

interconnected in a way as to achieve (get) an outcome (result): achieve a current or voltage of a

certain value, amplify the input signal or transfer some data. Using the different electronic

components we can control the flow of current as to achieve a specified result. In the circuit

below: identify the input (what we want) and the output (what we get) and draw it here

(web+paper):

23. Resistors. Resistors restrict the current flow in a circuit. They reduce the amount of

current flowing in order to protect other components (web+paper).

Fixed resistors have a colour code to identify their value (resistance) in ohms (Ω).

• The ______ resistance, the ______ current through the circuit.

• The less ______, the more ______ through the circuit.

• The _____ current through the lamp, the ______light the lamp gives off (produces).

Indicate the value of each resistor below, including (here) its tolerance:

Potentiometers. A potentiometer is a variable resistor. As you manually turn a dial (wiper),

the resistance changes. As the dial/wiper turns, electricity must go through more or less of the

resistive strip.

Draw the circuit diagram of the electric circuit below (including a ammeter)

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Examples: volume button of a radio, contrast and brightness control of TVs…

24. Diodes. Diodes are devices that allow current in only one direction. A diode has low (ideally

zero 0) resistance in one direction, and high (ideally infinite ∞) resistance in the other

direction. They are made with semiconductor materials and have two terminals, anode and

cathode. Diodes only allow electric current to flow in one direction: from anode to cathode

(forward bias or direct polarization). Complete the electric circuit below (paper only)

circuit diagram electric circuit

Draw the current in the circuits below when it exists and indicate if the lamp is (on) or

(off) (paper only)

Circuit diagram (web only)

Uses: it can be used for protection, to block signals, to change AC to DC, etc.

There are 3 different types of diodes: universal, Light Emitting Diodes (LED) and

photodiodes. Label the pictures below with their names (web+paper):

electronic circuit

LED (Light Emitting Diode) is a diode that emits light when a voltage is applied to it and that

is used especially in electronic devices (as for an indicator light). They work between 10 mA and

20 mA. That is why we need to put a resistor in between the battery and the LED (web only).

Electronic control versus programmed control: complete the text below (web+paper)

Electronic control Programmed control

Input component:

Output Component:

Input signal: You push the button

Output Signal:

Input component: microcontroller (pin 11)

Output Component:

Input signal:

Output Signal:

25. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor). LDR is a sensor (a device that detects physical or chemical

variables and transforms them into electrical variables) which resistance depends on the amount

of light: the more light the less resistance. These are often use as sensors for security

systems. Draw the circuit diagram of the circuit below (and the polarity of the battery) (web):

circuit diagram

Complete the text below (web+paper):

Input component:

Output Component:

Input signal:

Output Signal:

26. Integrated Circuits (ICs). They are miniature electronic circuits.

Actually an IC is a set of transistors that is the controller or ‘brain’ of

an electronic circuit. Modern microprocessor ICs can have billions of

transistors per square inch! Examples: microprocessors (computers,

mobile phones…), microcontrollers (Arduino, Crumble…), sound

amplifiers,….

Label the pictures below (paper only):

transistor (symbol)

Complete the information below (web+paper):

Input signal:

Input component:

Integrate Circuit:

Output Signal:

Output Component:

Input signal:

Input component:

Integrate Circuit:

Output Signal:

Output Component:

27. Concepts: inputs and outputs and analogue versus digital.

Label the pictures with the words input and output (paper only):

Label the values below with the words analogue or digital and give some examples

(web+paper):

Signals and components Examples

(open or closed): digital Open

0

Closed

1

Marks of an exam:

Promotion of a student (to the next year):

Speed of a motor:

Resistance of a LDR dependent of the amount of light:

Push Switch (press or release):

Resistance of a potentiometer:

Turn on and turn of a LED:

Infrared Sensor (IR), discerning between light and dark colours:

Infrared Sensor (IR), black and white:

Buzzer (it produces an audible sound):

28. Microcontrollers: Crumble microcontroller. In the circuit below, indicate: (paper only)

Input Components:

Output Components:

Type of control:

Identify the components (web+paper):

In the circuit below label its parts with these words: controller, switch, croc clips (leads),

motors (1 and 2), power supply, sparkles (1 and 2), USB cable, program

(u4) electronics&robotics class/ict...

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