u07 learning slides 2010
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
1/39
Learning Unitu07
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
2/39
Learning is a relatively permanent change to anorganisms behavior due to experience.
Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Observational learning
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
3/39
m21 ClassicalConditioning
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
4/39
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
5/39
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
6/39
1849 - 1936
1904, Nobel Prize inMedicine
Originally tried tostudy digestion, butdogs becameconditioning
Ivan Pavlov
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
7/39
Unconditional stimulus
Unconditional response
neutral stimulus
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
8/39
NS Conditioned stimulus
Acquisition
CS Conditioned response
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
9/39
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
10/39
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
11/39
Spontaneous Recovery
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
12/39Generalization vs Discrimination
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
13/39
Generalization vs Discrimination
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
14/39
Generalization vs Discrimination
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
15/39
Modernizing Pavlov
Biological predisposition to certain associations
Universal way to learn
simple worms to humans . . .like Little Albert
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
16/39
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
17/39
m22 OperantConditioning
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
18/39
Edward Thorndike
The LAW OF EFFECT:
rewarded behavior is likely to be berepeated.
Corollary:
punished behavior is not likely to berepeated
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
19/39
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
20/39
BF Skinner
1904-1990
Built upon theLaw of Effect
DevelopedSkinner Box totest conditioningin isolation
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
21/39
BF Skinner
1904-1990
Built upon theLaw of Effect
DevelopedSkinner Box totest conditioningin isolation
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
22/39
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
23/39
Shaping through successive approximations
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
24/39
Increases the likelihood of thepreceding event being repeated.
Positive reinforcers addsomething desirable
Negative reinforcersremove somethingundesirable
Reinforcement
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
25/39
Primary reinforcers
are inherentlydesirable
food, water, air,
and sex
Secondary reinforcers
are learned
eg money, grades,praise
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
26/39
Positive reinforcement
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
27/39
Taking aspirin to relieve a headache
Hurrying home in the winter to get out of the cold
Giving in to an argument or to dogs begging to end it
Fanning oneself to escape the heat
Leaving a school play if the play is bad
Smoking to relieve anxiety
Faking a stomach ache in order to avoid school Putting on a seatbelt to silence the warning buzzer
Using an umbrella to escape the rain
Saying uncle to stop being beaten
Negative Reinforcers
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
28/39
Negative reinforcement
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
29/39
Punishment
Decreases the likelihood of thepreceding event being
repeatedPositive punishment addssomething undesirable
Negative punishmentremoves somethingdesirable
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
30/39
Schedules of
Reinforcement
Fixed ratio
Variable ratio
Fixed interval
Variable interval
Continuous reinforcementor
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
31/39
m23 ObservationalLearning
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
32/39
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
33/39
Mirrorneurons fireboth when the
animal actsand when itobserves aconspecial
animal act.
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
34/39
1925 - present
Past president of theAPA
Professor at Stanford
Bobo Dollexperiment
Albert Bandura
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
35/39
1925 - present
Past president of theAPA
Professor at Stanford
Bobo Dollexperiment
Albert Bandura
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
36/39
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
37/39
88% of the children mimicked the behaviorobserved
40% exhibited the same violent behavior whenshown a Bobo Doll eight months later
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
38/39
Attention
Retention
Reproduction
Motivation or reinforcement
Components of
Observational Learnin
-
8/8/2019 u07 Learning Slides 2010
39/39
Attention
Retention
Reproduction
Motivation or reinforcement
Components of
Observational Learnin
Prosocial
or
Atisoc
ialbehavio
rs