RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION:

BOOSTING PRODUCTIVITY BY COMBINING INDIGENOUS

KNOWLEDGE AND IMPROVED TECHNOLOGIES IN WONSHO

DISTRICT, ETHIOPIA

TSEGAYE BEKELE, HAWASSA UNIVERSITY, WONDO GENET

COLLEGE OF FORESTRY AND NATURAL RESOURCES

UN EXPERT GROUP MEETING

UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT NAIROBI, KENYA

27 MARCH, 2019

1. Introduction

�Ethiopia is experiencing the direct effects of climate change such

as increase in average temperature and rainfall variability

�The Government of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia

has, therefore, initiated the Climate-Resilient Green Economy

(CRGE) initiative to protect the country from the adverse effects of

climate change and to build a Green Economy that will help to

realize its ambition of reaching middle-income status before 2025,

Sectors have started to integrate the sectoral integrated Green

Economy Development Plan at woreda level to achieve sustainable

economic growth

CONT…

�Wonsho is one of the 23 rural Woredas and four town

administration found in Sidama zone of SNNPRS.

�It is located 330 km south of Addis Ababa.

�It has a total land area of 14313.44ha and 18

administrative kebeles.

� population is estimated at 109,140 of women 53,696

and male 55,444.

� Two agro ecological zones consisting 25% highland

(dega), 75% mid altitude (woina-dega), soil type clay

loam.

�The main crops coffee, enset/false banana, barley,

maize and.

The need for integration also emphasizes the importance of

undertaking inclusive development processes.

The implementation plan took place in the form of

participatory action processes such as :

� extensive public engagements

� multi-participant planning seminars

� workshops and panel discussions

CONT….

� The selected/identified priority sectors are identified based on the

request of GE transition project as a pilot woreda ( Estie (Amhara),

Adwa (Tigry), Wolmera (Oromia), Bambassi (Bene Shalgul

Gumuz) and Wonsho (SNNPRS) which were SLM Project areas

� All 23 sectors are responsible for GE transition planning in Wonsho

woreda as the action was accepted and welcomed by the Woreda

sectors and Administration office.

�Goals and targets

� Based on national level objectives that in the GTP II

targeted to increase productivity of average yield from:

� Maize 29 to 42.64Q/ha,

� Wheat 21 to 31 Q/ha,

� Coffee 7.48 to 11 Q/ha,.

�

2. Agriculture, food and natural resource

development

CONT…

� In Wonsho woreda priority plans to increase productivity of cereal

crops and coffee average yield during 2017 to 2018

� Maize 62 to 70 Q/ha

� Wheat 33 to 53 Q/ha

� Coffee 14 to 16 Q/ha,

� because of the high potential of the woreda to these crops.

CONT…

� The out puts were achieved using

� improved seeds

� balanced fertilizer application,

� capacity development,

� Soil and water conservation practice,

� Use of shade tree,

� Integrated pest management,

� build awareness of the beneficiaries.

No Activities Unit Current

achievements

Target Remark

1 Maize Qt/ha 62 70

2 Wheat Qt/ha 34 53

3 Barley Qt/ha 28 30

4 Faba Bean Qt/ha 22 25

5 Haricot bean Qt/ha 21 33

6 Pea Qt/ha 20 35

7 Enset Qt/ha 350 400

7 Potato Qt/ha 290 310

8 Sweet potato Qt/ha 270 280

TABLE 1: CROP PRODUCTION AND INTENDED TARGETS

2017-2018

TABLE 2: COFFEE MANAGEMENT AND SEEDLING PRODUCTION CURRENT

ACHIEVEMENTS AND TARGETNo Activities Unit Current

achievements

2017

Target

2018

Remark

1 Coffee seed preparation Qt 6 6.5

2 Coffee seedling preparation No 1936000 2,080,000

3 Total Coffee plantation No 1936000 2,080,000

3.1 New site planting No 970060 400000

3.2 Inter planting No 488980 1125000

3.3 Replacement No 476370 482500

4 Compost preparation and

application

Tone 141300 156,906.5

5 Coffee management Ha 5728 6276.26

6 Shade tree plantation No 334038 666834

6.1 Temporary shade No 246860 627609 Enset

6.2 Permanent shade trees No 87178 39225

No Activity Unit Current

achievement

Target Remark

1 Selecting small sub Catchments Number 22 17

2 Greening mountains Number 1 1

3 Terracing Km 244 250

3.1. Soil bunds Km 167 350

3.2. Fanaiyajuu Km 25 70

3.3. Grass strips Km 43 60

3.4 Bench Terracing Km 72 350

4 Terracing Maintenance Km 102 450

5 Water collection trench No 10,327 290,000 coffee

6 Micro basin No 640 370,000 coffee

7 Grass planting along bund and terrace

(dasho,Vetvar , vetch etc)

Km 1305 705

Table 3: Natural Resources development Current

achievements and target 2017-2018

CONT…

No Activity Unit Current

achieveme

nt

Target Remark

8 check dams Km 9 5

9 Trench Digging Number 350000 3800

10 Micro basin Digging Number 5000 11000

11 Flood diversion Channel Km 13 25

12 Waterway channel Km 14 20

13 Gravel road construction (community) Km 11 16

14 Gravel(soil) road Maintenances Km 17 18

15 Compost Preparation m3 1900 5000

16 Small hole Digging Number 70000 80000

� Using improved seeds

� Compositing

� capacity development

� Soil and water

conservation

� shade tree

� Integrated improved pest

management

� Fertilizer

� Awareness creation

� adoption of new

technologies

�Potential of

coffee resources

�Agro ecological

feasibility

�Technical expert

�Social

acceptance of the

integration

�Environmental

feasibility

� Improved SWC

practices

�Coffee based

agro forestry

�Feasibility of

the options�options

�Positive impact

�Increase society’s economy

�To ensure food security

�Creation of job opportunity

�Increase apiculture production

�Reduce environmental

degradation

�Enhanced soil moisture

�Increased water quality

Positive and negative impacts of options

�Negative impact

� reducing grazing land

� pollution of water

� less community

participation

� Mitigation/Solution

for negative impacts

� Improved forage production

� Improve soil and Water

conservation structures

� Integrated sectoral

planning.

�Use of selected chemicals to

reduce pollution on water

�Measures and actions

�Compost prepared

�Capacity building

�Used organic fertilizer

�Using appropriate technologies

�Upgrade nursery site of coffee

�Panel discussions with

stakeholders

Goals and targets

�National level goals that targeted to increase forest

cover from 15.5 % to 20 % by the end of the plan year

� Wonsho woreda priority plans to increase forest

coverage from 11 % to 19%

�watershed management from 12% to 20 % of the total

area of the woreda by end of 2020.

3. Forest

� Upgrade central nursery site

� Collect seeds of indigenous trees

� Nursery site Establishing in school, FTC at farmer level

and group based seedling production of selected species by

(women and youth)

� Forest management ( Natural forest and sacred grooves of

Sidama spiritual forests)

� Woodlot management by individual farmers

� Delineation and demarcation of existing forest

� Identification of area closure areas/ degraded sites

�Tree seedling planting on degraded land

� Gulley revegetation

� Establishment of bamboo nursery site

� Using alternative sources of energy (biogas, solar lanterns,

photovoltaics)

�options

No Activities Unit Current achievements Target Remark

1 Forest development Ha 1360 2246

1.1 Indigenous trees % 62 70

1.2 Exotic % 30 30

2 Reforestation Ha 250 478

3 Forest management Ha 260 1360 Frequently

4 Park establishment Ha 41 93 Abo Wonsho

5 Tree planting No 700000 1,000,000 At road sides,

6 Biodiversity conservation ha 96 260

7 Assessment of environmental

pollution

7.1 Waste management from coffee

pulping site

No 16 17

7.2 Solid and liquid waste

management

No 1 2 Bokasso town

Table 3: forest and environment Current achievements and

targets

� Potential of forest resources availability

� agro ecological feasibility

� Technical expert

� Social acceptance study

� Environmental feasibility of forest

Feasibility of the options with regard to forest

development

positive and negative impacts options

�positive impacts � increase society economy

� creation of job opportunity

�increase apiculture

� reduce environmental problems

� Conservation of indigenous tree species

� Production raw material for construction

�Control land degradation

�Regulating climate

� improve water balance

� improve ecosystem services and Sources of income

� reducing grazing

land

� Reduced the size of

cultivated land

�Conflict between

human and wildlife

�Negative impacts

�Mitigation/Solution for negative

impacts

� Improved forage production

� increased productivity of

farmlands and alternative fodder

�Improve soil and Water

conservation

� structures and keeping the

natural balance

�Measures and actions� Compost from coffee husk

and otherd prepared

�Capacity building

� Improved seeds

�Using appropriate

technologies

� Upgrade nursery site of

forest trees and coffee

� Forest management

� Regular panel discussion

with stakeholders

� Awareness creation on

environment

4. Cross Sectoral implementation considerations

� There are emerging and ongoing practices within

agricultural and across the sectors of Wonsho woreda.

� Moreover, NGOs, CBOs, and other private

institutions are also working on how to advance and

implement the planned activities of the GTPII in

collaboration with woreda administration,

representative of farmers, all sector heads (21 sectors),

SLMPII, enterprises, unions and cooperatives.

� Income generation and wealth creation potential of the Wonsho

woreda to sustainably produce organic honey from three times

coffee flowering a year which is the result coffee-enset based

Agro-forestry and conservation agriculture (CA) practices.

� The other potential income generating venture would be coffee

husk compost making from abundant coffee pulping processes.

� About 80 % of the coffee produced in Wonsho is coffee husk

which is an important component of recycle, reduce and reuse

system.

� Coffee husk use in composting will address the triple F effect that

contributes towards Food, finance and fuel .

� It plays important role regarding to job opportunity creation.

4. Cross-sectoral …..

� From Green Beans to Brown Crowns to build sustainable climate

smart Agriculture in Wonsho through growing speciality coffee

4. CROSS-SECTORAL…

� The importance of social networks and membership in

faith-based or political youth organizations will link

to the Green Economy Transition and sector specific

growth directly to the overall poverty reduction and

livelihood improvements of the districts and the

region at large.

� Synergies across agriculture, forest, water, energy

and tourism. All marketing and branding is

managed by the Sidama Union

TABLE 4 SYNERGY ACROSS SECTORS

Sector Its contribution to GE

Forest 1)Agriculture &

livestock

2.1 water Sub

sector

2.2 energy sub

sector

3 tourism 4 forest

Improves soil fertility Improves water

level

Provide bio-fuel Attract tourists Afforestation and

reforestation

Prevent soil erosion Develops springs

Provide fodder

Agriculture

livestock

Increase production Develops springs

-provide irrigation

potential in woreda

-

Bio mass (for

biogas

production

Provide traditional

food for tourism

Compost,soil and

water conservation,

Agroforestry with

coffee(shade trees)

Water -Provide irrigation

potential

-water for fish pond

provide potable

water for HH

Primary source

for energy

sector

Attraction through fall Used as an input for

tourism

Energy Provide alternative

energy ( stop

deforestation)

Provide alternative

energy source to

use water

(biogas

production)

Modern technology

(provide solar,)

Reduce deforestation

by using other option

(biogas, solar panel

etc)

Tourism Protecting tourist site

intern protect forests

from destruction

Provide some

tourist to visitFall

and other water

body

Enhance tourist

attraction by

reduce

deforestation

Input for tourism

IMPLEMENTATION MODALITY RESOURCES TO

ACHIEVE THE GOALS

� Financial resource ( government, development partners:

SLMPII, GWP, rift valley watershed)

� Skilled man power

� Sectors Interest and commitment

� Community(labor, knowledge, PIP)

� Co-operatives and unions

� Micro finances (OMO and Sidama)

Cup of coffee with Ruta chalepensis (fringed rue)

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES

� Community(indigenous knowledge, labor, participation, putting

by laws for conservation practices)

� Concerned sectors(experts)

� Development partners (NGO etc) (budget, adoption of new

technology

� Micro finance(providing loans)

� Government agent

� Stakeholders

KEY MONITORING AND EVALUATION INDICATORS

� Average crop and fruit production in qt/ha

� Average Irrigation canal in km

� Average reforestation in ha on degraded land

� promote community based ecotourism

� Average trees plantation in number on the road side and near natural forest.

� The number of domestic and foreign tourist involvement

� Number of job opportunity for youth and women

� Number of spring developed

� Coverage Safe drinking water in percent

� Number of solar panel ,

� Number of biogas establishment

� Number of improved stoves

CONSTRAINTS

� Poor infrastructure (Road, electricity, clean water)

� Lack of sufficient finance

� Lack of resource for building offices

� Lack of office facilities

� Lack of technologies

Monitoring and evaluation

� At Kebele level

� Thechairperson, kebele cabinet and development agent are responsible for monitoring

� The representatives, of community (women, youths, poor, mediums, rich) ,religions, institutions are responsible

� At woreda level

� Concerned sectors

� cabinets

� experts are responsible for Monitoring by supervision, technical support

� Evaluation at Kebele level and woreda level

� once in every 2 weeks at kebeles level

� once in month at woreda level

sectoral synergy approach

Spring development though women and

youth engagement

Bee hives ready for dispatch to use of the coffee

flowers occurring three times annually

Forage nursery

SWC and Woreda Technical Committee field visit Coffee nursery

site in 1st Fero , Sidama

Potato cultivation

Avocado nursery

Apple fruit tree cuttings to be planted on degraded highland

areas of Wonsho woreda

Awareness creation,

Wolmera Woreda -scaling up modalities was on capacity building,

and sectoral integration

Awareness creation,

Best/good practices from the implementation of CRGEM collected from the

kebeles

Roof water harvesting :-

6. Intensive farming: Crop production three times a year from the

same land. This create an opportunity to produce more product

more the same land and decrease the exploitation of and

additional land for an agriculture

7. Green job creation: different enterprise on farming of

potato, on plantation of trees, poultry farm, milk collection

8. Clean rural water supply: By pushing different factory found in the woreda

to supply potable water to the community and for their cattle.

Small Scale Irrigation (berfeta 1st kebele PA)

Small Scale Irrigation ( Dufa kebele PA)

Small Scale Irrigation(Ula foata , Mintile)

Small Scale Irrigation (Berfeta 2nd Bobe )

Small Scale Irrigation(Berfeta 2nd Bobe )

• Small Scale Irrigation(Berfeta 2nd Bobe )

Small Scale irrigation (dewa and lafto)

Small Scale irrigation (dewa and lafto)

8.WAY FORWARD

� CRGE has three complementary objectives of the CRGE intuitive are fostering economic development and growth, ensuring abatement and avoidance of future emissions,

transition to a green economy and improving resilience to climate change.

Hence, the integrated GE planning at a woreda level should be main streamed by National Planning Commission to make actions to be subject of monitoring and evaluation

� There should be continuous training, since the training of experts has brought different stakeholders from different sectors together and was instrumental to enable these stakeholders to understand and plan the green economy transition on their respective woredas. .

� There is need to provide technical support to woreda experts and DAs should be cascaded at household level (Health Scctor)

CONT….

� The production of honey and wax from flowering coffee and

composting of the abundant of coffee husks in Wonsho will have

positive effects on health and access to health care of the

communities, especially, women and youth.

� increased community cohesion.

� The woreda management group is planning that the other sectors

of the woreda will prepare their IGEIP after the prepared plan is

presented and amended by the sector heads and experts.

� The experience of Wonsho woreda will be introduced to other

sectors of the Sidama zone and other woredas of SNNPRS and

beyond should be scaled up.

Thank You!