u b desai [email protected] dec 13 2010 1 teach. res. n standards
TRANSCRIPT
Dec 13 2010 1Teach. Res. n Standards
Role of Higher Education
Convey knowledge Create knowledge Create and develop ideas Innovations Publish Develop future citizens Create a better society
Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 2
Changing Times . . .
This system has worked for along time Internet has been a game changer
The world is flat (Thomas Friedman) A lot of education involved imparting
information But today that does not work with lot of online
information / explanation that is available On-line courses / education is gaining momentum With rising cost of educatin (at least in the
developed world), in time to come online may become the norm
Academia is suddenly required to change its trajectory in a fundamental sense
Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 3
Add to this IPR Challenges IPR regime has thrown up new challenges Along with changing role of academicians
from an education perspective, generating IPR puts additional pressure
Standards: Now there is a need to contribute to standards
Urge for startups … New role …
Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 4
New role for academician
Convey knowledge Create knowledge Create and develop
ideas Innovations Publish Develop future
citizens Create a better
society
Develop on-line education system – major modification in teaching and research paradigm Research students may
not be in residence Generate IPR Contribute to
standards If possible have
startups …
Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 5
Resources …
Need for additional resources (money)
Need for increasing the professorial pool
Need for additional infrastructure Physical Infra Research Infra Prototyping Infra
A look at the resource scenario …Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 6
Country
No.
am
ong t
op 1
%
of c
ited
pap
ers
Per c
apit
a
R&
D
ex
pendit
ure
(U
S $)
R&
D e
xpendit
ure
per t
op c
ited p
aper
(U
S$ m
illi
on)
NO
. of
top p
apers
per $
Mil
lion
ex
pendit
ure o
n R
&D
Expendit
ure p
er
scie
nti
st
(U
S $
000s)
Scie
nti
sts
per m
illi
on
popula
tion
USA 23723 705 8.4 2. 85 230 4099
England 4831 450 5.6 172 2666
Japan 2609 978 6.1 0.65 192 5095
Canada 2165 476 6.8 3.55 160
China 375 12 4.0 16
Australia 1049 285 5.2 85 3353
India 205 5.5 2.7 0.45 35 157
South Korea 294 241 3.9 0.73 104 2319
Israel 568 720 7.6 410
Brazil 188 56 5.1 36
(Source: UNESCO Statistical year Book, 1999; R. Chidambaram, Current Science, 25 March 2005)
No. of papers intop 1% of cited papers
Per Capita R and D Expend.In US$
R n D ExpendPer top cited paper in US$ mil
No. of top papers per Mil. $ expenditure
Expenditure per scientists in US$ 1000
Scientists per Million population
R and D Scenario
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R and D Expenditure as % of GDP
Govt. funding as % of total funding
India 0.8% 80%
China 1.2% 70%
USA 2.8% 30%
Japan 3.0% 30%
Indian Government is moving in the right direction and has increased allocation of R&D during 11th Plan period (2007-2012) to 75,304 Crores as compared to 25,300 Crores during the 10th Plan period (MHRD resource).
$$ figures for patents and standards by academicians Don’t have $$ figures patents from
academicians Don’t have data on contribution to
standards by academicians Because, the numbers are too small;
the effort is by few individuals in the academic community
Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 9
Number of Doctoral Graduates, 2005 and Average Annual Growth (%), 2000-2005
Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 10
Research,Patents,Contribution toStandards,strongly linked to number ofPh.Ds. produced
Number of EngineeringPh.D.s in India is approx.1500/yr
Incentives for patents and Standards
Publication have incentives Promotions (tenure)
Possible to get funding for research Patents are beginning to get
recognition in proposals and promotions
Proposal for sponsored research is still for research with one of the possible outcome being contributions to standards
Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 11
Contributions to standards from India Very Little CeWiT – Center for
Excellence in Wireless Technology (@IITM) Has contributed to 4G
standards Some contribution
from IISc fac. But in partnership with an industry: Beecem
Some activity form fac. At IITs
General Observations Doing it on your
own not very impacting
Imperative to align with some industries
Cost intensive
Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 12
Efforts to promote by IITs and IISc
IISc: SID: Society for
Innovations and Development
IIT Bombay: SINE: Society for
Innovations and Entrepreneurship
IIT Delhi: FITT: Foundation for
Innovation and Technology Transfer
IIT Kanpur: SIIC: SIDBI innovation
and incubation centre IIT Kharagpur:
STEP: Science and Technology Entrepreneurs’ Park
IIT Madras: IITM Research Park
…
Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 13
WHAT IS THE WAY OUT?
Motivating and Incentivizing Contributions to Standards by Academicians
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Partnership with Industry a Must
Very difficult for an academician to make an impacting contribution to standards
Even if she / he does, the value is limited: To get any benefit
It has be a cooperative effort Simply having an optional contribution in the
overall standard is not enough Partnership with industry a must Industry too should recognize that this
can be a win-win situation and should be flexible in sharing …
Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 15
Incentivizing Contributions to Standards
There has to be a tangible reason as to why an academician should get into standards In principle, it is not part of his portfolio
Some monetary benefits will help Recognizing that standards can
actually feed in to research will also help
Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 16
Regenerative Cycle: Standards as feeder for research
Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 17
Questions
Research
Innovations Standards
Patents Implementation
Prototype
Product
Issues
Concluding Remarks
If we want to promote standardization we need to promote innovations Need to create a strong culture of innovations
in India Innovations will lead to contributions to
standards, which in turn will feed research
Partnership with industry an absolute must
Resources ???
Dec 13 2010Teach. Res. n Standards 18
Quote from Prof. Indiresan … According to Karl Popper the essence of
scientific enquiry is not to prove a theory but to disprove it – an idea that will shock most Indian policy makers, even the scientists among them. The West alone has the unique tradition of advancing science through creative destruction. They measure progress not by preserving the goodness, the sanctity, of the existing paradigm but by discovering the boundary at which it breaks down and fails.
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