tyre advices

7/30/2019 Tyre Advices

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OFFICIAL SPONSOR OF

PASSENGER TIRE

KNOWLEDGE BOOK2011 Edition


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Introduction

This book contains brie description on process o producing tires,

basic knowledge on tire and inormation on tires produced by

MASA as well as MASA tire superiorities.

This book also contains several tips on correct tire treatment. This

book is aimed at being good inormation media or tire users,

especially those produced by MASA. Thereore, this book must be

learned and made as guidance or any sales persons and services

or improving service quality.

By improved tire technology and spirit on continuous improvement

applied by MASA, it shows MASA's commitment on improvingservices to our loyal customers.


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Table of Contents

Tire Functions and

Basic Structures

ompany Profle

4 Tire Main Functions 06 22

22

2325

26

28

0

1

2

3

3

4

4

7

07

07

08

09

10

14

18

18

18

18

19

19

20

Construction Basic Structure

Advantages o Radial

Characteristics Upon Bias

Advantages o Tubeless Radial

and Tubetype Radial

Radial Construction and Its Functions

General Dierences between Radial

and Bias Tire

Tire Standard

Tire Standardization

Radial Passenger Tire Size

Conversion

Product Certifcation

Tire Specifcation

Production Process Certifcation

Certifcation According to Standard

o Transportation Department

Tire Production Process and

Production Flow

Quality Assurance in Tire Production

Process and Production Flow

Material Preparation

Tire Testing

Laboratory Test (Indoor Test)

utdoor Test

Process Inspection

Any Finished Product Inspection

re a n ater a s

Tire Main Materials

Tire Maintenance

Proper Tire Use and Maintenance

Radial Passenger Tire Rotation

Tire Storage

Tire Pressure

Tire Rotation

Tire Alignment

Types o Tire Damages and

Their Causes

ire laim Procedure

Criteria o Tire Claim Replacement


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COMPANY PROFILE

Tire producer PT. Multistrada Arah Sarana, Tbk. abbreviated as MASA was frstly established

in 1991, along with Indonesian business and industry perorming expansion and

improvement. In 1994, the actory started producing radial or cars along with rapidly growing

sales value each year. In the beginning, MAS obtained technical assistance rom Pirelli as

world-class tire producer (1991-1994), and then assisted by Continental (1994-2000).

MASA grew in globalization era by expanding its industrial area currently covering 55 hectares

o building located in 85-hectare area in Cikarang Timur, about one hour driving rom the

capital o Indonesia.

Its strong desire and ambition made ACHILLES, CORSA, and STRADA compete in market

share through quality products and the best services. Production o Passenger Car Radial

(PCR) becomes complete by production o Light Truck Radial (LTR) and Sport Utility Vehicle

(SUV), and up to now, they can compete and are known in international market. Tires

produced by MASA can be ound in daily uses almost all over the world in many countries and

becomes a standard or quality among tire industries.

Since 2004, when the company was taken over by new owner and management team, its

sales drastically increased every year. In the beginning, the team conducted comprehensive

study on policies and management perormance, and then ollowed by implementation o

perormance improvement in all departments. Production system efciency and distribution

were able to improve efciency at whole. It was a contribution o proessionals having

commitment and dedication or tens years to tire industry, capable to lead MASA to better

world.

At the same time, MASA launched its latest breakthrough product, ACHILLES Ultra High

Perormance (UHP) tire, in which it attracted may parties when it was frstly launched in 2005.

It was because the tire was only possible to produce by applying new production system. The

new tire ACHILLES is launched to compete with high-perormance tire produced by big

producer. MASA is committed to provide with latest technology in tire industry or its

customers. By new trust, the company ventures to produce snow tires or cold-climate area.

To meet world quality standard and through studies by proessional team, we successully

obtain certifcations including ISO/TS 16949:2009 and ISO/IEC 17025:2008 or Quality

Management System and several product certifcates including, inter alia, SNI, CCC, Inmetro,

BIS, ECE R-30, ECE R-54, GSO, DOT, FMVSS 139.

By good market growth, the company plans to improve its production capacity and to

introduce new products to meet market needs. Our success generates inspiration and

optimism or the company in uture. Experienced, wise and visionary management, equipped


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with skilled and competent workers, mastering latest technology, capabilities o distributor

and dealer to control market are our advantages. MASA's objective is to be Indonesian

national tire company being trend setter or tire all over the world.


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Tire Functions

and Basic Structures1


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4 Tire Main Functions

Tire has very signifcant role in driving. Compared to other spare parts, pneumatic tire is like air bag with its

construction designed ollowing road surace and various types o vehicles.

Tire's main unctions include as ollows:

Thereore, we need to select tire construction suitable or the our unctions, namely pneumatic tire like exible air

bag.

Tire perormance must be able to support vehicle's load moving

rom one place to another.

Tire perormance must be able to run both on straight and bend

roads in stable and sae.

Tire moving perormance that is able to transorm machinerotation perormance to be vehicle's thrust and to be base

support at the time o braking process on road surace

Menyangga / menahan beban kendaraan

Tire must be able to provide saety and comort in driving,environmental-riendly must also be considered.

4

Forwarding wheel function and controllingvehicle's direction21 Supporting/holding up vehicle's load

Forwarding motive force and brakingof the vehicle on the road surface.

Absorbing shock from road surface3

Tire Functions and Basic Structures

06


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General Differences between Radial and Bias

Tire Construction Basic Structure

Tire construction structure is designed to reach intended perormance characteristic and pursuant to objectives o

usage or utilization, namely according to road condition and type o vehicle, however, in general, tire construction can

be described as ollows:

Radial construction

consists o body

ply with its thread

arranged vertically

to tire diameter.

Bias construction

consists o body

ply with its thread

arranged in cross

with diagonal

direction one

another.

07

Radial Tire

Bias Tire


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Speed

Radial speed rating is generally higher

than that o bias

Endurance

Radial has higher endurance than bias.

Control

Radial has higher traction and stability

both or straight and bend roads.

Fuel Consumption

Utilizing radial construction, radial tire

has lower rolling resistance than bias, so

that uel will be saved due to smaller

energy release.

Appearance

Radial is more attractive viewed rom

style, wall design, and tread than bias.

Construction of Bias/Tubetype Tire

Radial Construction

Advantages of Radial Characteristics to Bias Tire

08

Bead Chaer

Apex

Breaker Tread

Shoulder

Side Wall

Flipper

Carcass

Rimcushion

Insulationrubberbead

Side WallInner liner

Steel beltWing

Nylon coverTread

Carcass

Belt Edge Cushion

ApexChaer



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Advantages of Tubeless Radial to Tubetype Radial

In general, radial tire has tubeless construction. Tubeless mean any tire not requiring tube and, as its substitute, the

tire is layered with inner liner made o airtight rubber material.

Advantages o tubeless tire:

09

Tubeless Tire Tubetype Tire

Lighter than tubetype tire

Safer when it is affected by sharp object (nail)

No risks of exploding due to heat caused by frictions

Inner Tube

Inner Liner


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Radial Construction and Its Functions

10

Side Wall Gum Strip Cap Strip/Cap Ply Tread

Body Ply Bead Wire Steel Belt Inner Liner

Appex / Filler

Cap Strip/Cap PlyGum Strip

Bead Wire Steel Belt

TreadSidewallA

BC

D

FGH

I Body Ply

Inner Liner

E Apex



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Gum Strip

Special rubber put on steel belt edge unctioning as shock absorber o steel belt thread tip.

11

A

C

B

Inner Liner

One part o tire located at inner part, unctioning as substitute to tire tube and made o mixed airtight rubber.

F

Sidewall

Protecting body ply (carcass) on tire side and also unctioning as place or putting tire important inormation.

Tread

Tread is main part o tire directly contacting road surace. It defnes tire lie, provides with tire appearance, and

creates good traction on wet road.

D

E

Cap Strip/Cap Ply

Any textile thread with angle 0 layered by rubber. Utilized or twisting belt that the steel belt will not change itsangle and diameter due to centriugal orce when the tire is used at high speed.

Function:

to improve tire perormance at high speed

Apex / Filler

Apex is in a triangle in couple with bead and they have dierent unctions as:

Handling and stability

Blank space fller at body ply old.

Steel belt

A steel belt liner that has been laminated by rubber and arranged by intersection. Belt provides with tire

reinorcement and it has more stable and exible physical characters.

Its unctions as:

Body ply holder or obtaining tread so that it can step on road perectly.

Strengthening body ply (carcass) so that it will always be able to deend its round rom o road construction

G


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Bead Wire

Its orm is carbon steel wire layered with hard rubber and then ormed as proper circle in layers.

Its unctions:

body ply lock to attach to rim.

H

I Body Ply (Carcass)

Body ply is main part o tire in the orm o layered sheet consisting o polyester or nylon or wire thread with

rubber liner. Functions o body ply are as ollows:Tire rame.

To hold tire pressure.

To absorb vibration o road.

12



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06

Tire Main Materials2


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Tire Main Materials

Radial components or passenger car contain various materials at dierent composition. Following are any materials

generally utilized in tire manuacturing industry.

Tire main raw materials composition:

Rubber

(Natural & Synthetic)

Tire Main Materials

14

41%Filling Materials

(Black Carbon, Silica,

Carbon, Chalk)30%Strengthening Materials

(Steel Wire, Polyester, Nylon)15%

Chemical Substances as Antioxidantan(to prevent ozonization effect andmaterial fatigue)1%

Plasticizers

( Oil & Resins )

6%

Others7%


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06

Tire Manufacturing Process

and Production Process Flow3


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Tire Manufacturing Process

Raw Material

Banburry

Bead Building

Wire

Rubber

Chemical

Carbon Black

Oil

Nylon Fabric

Polyester Fabric

Steel Cord

Tire Manufacturing Process and Production Process Flow

16

Extruder

Calendar

Compound

Bead

Tread & Sidewall

Inner Liner

Polyester Ruberizing

Inner LinerRoler Head

Nylon Ruberizing

Steel Ruberizing


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17

Bead Apexing

Ply Cutter

Steel Cutter

Tyre BuildingMachine

Green Tire

Curing Press Visual Inspection

DynamicBallance

Uniformity

Indoor Test

WarehouseFinished GoodsDeliveryDistributor

TireBead Apex

Body Ply

Steel Belt

JLB / Cap Ply

JLB / Cap PlyMachine


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18

Quality Assurance in Tire Production Process

For customer satisaction, MASA assures that raw materials, production process to fnished product is

tested/inspected pursuant to international standard. It includes, among others, laboratory test or incoming raw

materials, material production process inspection at actory until fnished tire.

Material Preparation

Process Inspection

Any Finished Product Inspection

Acceptance test to all raw materials

Compound test: test on tire components and parts

Steel rubberized and textile rubberized

Appearance Inspection

Visual inspection to any fnished tire by qualifed person.

Uniformity and Balance Inspection

Uniormity and balance inspection is perormed using machine with high accuracy in order to test accuracy o

installation o tire components to make sure that installation can meet standard required or any vehicle.

Lot Assurance

System is capable to track any process o production.

SPC ( Statistic Process Control )

Monitor system towards production stability.

FMEA ( Failure Mode Effect Analysis )

Failure potential analysis method, perormed beore product design is realized and/or beore massive production

process is begun.

MSA ( Measurement System Analysis )

Validation to measuring system or ensuring measuring system produces accurate measurement data.

APQP ( Advance Product Quality Planning )

Monitoring system in making plan towards new product.

PPAP ( Production Part Approval Process )

Validation to production process capability or ensuring that massive production process is capable to produce OK

products consistently.



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19

Quality assurance is also made towards tire perormance, namely by testing perormance both at laboratory (indoor

test) and outside, road, and circuit (outdoor test).

It includes as ollows:

The test includes:

Laboratory Test (Indoor Test)

Outside Diameter

Tread Wear Indicator (TWI)

Overall Width

Measurement is conducted ater being conditioned at room temperature or 3 hours.

Tire Test

A Tire Dimensional Test

Test is perormed to measure tire endurance with various loads.

C Endurance Test

Test is perormed to measure tire capability at high speed.

B High Speed Test

Test is perormed to measure tire construction strength.

D Breaking Energy Test

Test is perormed to obtain rolling resistance coefcient (RRC) or any tire RRC must be put on

Ecolabelling, especially or European market.

F Rolling Resistance Test

Test is perormed to measure compression on bead o tire to rim.

E Bead Unseating Test (Bead Compression to Tire and Rim)


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Outdoor test consists o 2:

Outdoor Test

Comfort

Noise

Stability

Tracking

Cornering

20

To test tire durability and lie perormed on public road upon vehicle with load and tire pressure pursuant to

maximum standard.

Feeling/Subjective Test

This test utilizes eeling capability or examiner's eeling. Parameters tested in road test

include, among others, as ollows:

1 Durability Test

Road test is divided into 2:

2 Road Test

A.

Noise

Braking

Acceleration

Rolling resistance

Wet Grip

Objective Test

Measurement utilizes equipment. Parameters tested in this road test include as ollows:

B.



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06

Tire Standard4


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Tire Standard

22

Tire and rim standard issued by and applicable in European countries.

A ETRTO (The European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation)

Dimensional standardization or tire, rim, valve, and spare parts issued by the United States o America.

B TRA (The Tire and Rim Association)

Standardization or production, distribution, application, and sales or motor vehicle's tires issued by Japan.

C JATMA (The Japan Automobile Tyre Manuacturers Association)

Quality management system or production process.

1 ISO 9001:2008

Quality management system or laboratory controlling process.

2 ISO / IEC17025:2008

Quality management system or production process to be supplier automotive manuacturing.

3 ISO / TS 16949:2009

Tire Standardization

MASA produces tires based on Standardization applicable all over the world both or export and domestic markets..

They are, among others, as ollows:

PRODUCTION PROCESS CERTIFICATION

MASA has met international process standards as ollow:


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23

1 SNI

Products o MASA have met quality standard in several countries on the world.

Product certifcates obtained by MASA are as ollows:

2 CCC

3 INMETRO

4 GSO

Product Certifcation

For marketing in Indonesia, tire must obtain SNI

certifcate issued by Certifcation Agency legally

acknowledged by National Standardization Agency

(BSN) under No. SNI - 06 - 0098 - 2002, and then it

must be registered with Ministry o Trade under

Product Registration number 110-002-111276.

CCC or China Compulsory Certifcate mark is a

saety mark or meeting compulsory quality standard

requirements or any products to market in China.

INMETRO or National Institute o Metrology,

Standardization and Industrial Quality is a mark or

meeting mandatory quality standard requirements

or any products to market in Brazil.

GSO or Gul Standard Organization is certifcation to meet mandatory quality standard require-ments or any products to market in the Middle East.


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24

5 ECE (Economic Comission For Europe)

6 SONCAP (NIGERIA)

7 BIS

8 SABS

E-Mark

E-NoiseE-Noise is a certifcation issued by EASA (European

Aviation Saety Agency) related to noise level. For

any tires entering Europe, they must have E-Noise

certifcate as a certifcation on noise caused by

related tires.

"E" mark ollowed by numbers in circle to meet

requirements in European Union regarding any

products to market in Europe.

SONCAP or Standard Organization o Nigeria Conormity Assessment is a certifcation to meet

mandatory quality standard requirements or any products to market in Nigeria.

BIS or Bureau India Standard is certifcation to meet

mandatory quality standard requirements or any

products to market in India.

SSABS or South Arican Bureau o Standard is certifcation or meeting mandatory quality

standard requirements or any products to market in South Arica

Tire Standard


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25

Department o Transportation

Manuacture Code

Nominal Section Width Code

Rim Diameter Code

Speed Symbol

Pattern Code

Production Code (Week and Year)

DOT 5K ZW VDU 1809

DOT

5K

Z

W

V

DU

1809

UTQG

DOT Codifcation (Departement o Transportation)

Certifcation according to Department o Transportation Standard

ERUTAREPMETNOITCARTRAEWDAERT

FMVSS ( Federal Motor Vehicle Saety Standard )

Contoh UTQG : Treadwear 400 Traction AA Temperature A

Value Remarks Value Asphalt Concrete Value Speed (mph)

>100

100

115

100 -115

85 - 100

> 0.54

> 0.47

> 0.38

< 0.38

0.41

0.35

0.26

0.26

Good

Fair

Poor

For marketing tires to the United States and Canada, they must pass FMVSS 1399 standard

test, namely tests on Dimension, Endurance, High Speed, Bead Unseat, and Braking Energy.

Although there are no ofcial certifcates issued or such tests, we still have to run such test

routinely.

DOT defnes tire quality requirements based on resuls o

test conducted in the United States, in which it is called

UTQG (Uniorm Tire Quality Grading) consisting o 3

criteria as ollows:1. TREADWEAR

2. TRACTION

3. TEMPERATURE


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26

15. CCC MARKING

A

B Several marks/codes on wall:

Tire marking or tire dimension and codifcation

024179

8

1. MUD & SNOW

2. PATTERN NAME

3. TYRE SIZE

4. MOLD NUMBER

5. LOAD & PRESSURE MARKING

6. REINFORCED

7. TYRE TYPE

11. MANUFACTURE

13. CARCASSCONSTRUCTION

17. SAFETY WARNING

16. UTQG RATING

14. E MARKING

12. BRAND NAME

8. MADE IN

9. INDONESIASTANDARD CODE

10. U.S D.O.T ComplianceFollowed by Tire

Tire Standard

Tire Specifcation


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27

C Tire Size Writing

205

15 (Rim)

75 (Series)

P 205 / 75 R 15 98 H XL

Nominal Section Width (mm)

Passenger Car (Tire Identifcation)

Aspect Ratio (Series)

Radial Construction

Rim Diameter

Load Index (750 kg)

Speed Index (210 km/h)

Extra Load

P

205

75

R

15

98

H

XL


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28

195 Nominal Section Width

Radial Passenger Tire Size Conversion

195/70 R14

70

R14

205/65 R14 195/60 R15


65

R14


60

R15

Tire size conversion is intended to search or alternative tire size beside original tire standard by considering ground

clearance and vehicle's vendor space. For example, in above fgure, although they have dierent sizes, the tires still

have same outside diameter

Tire Standard


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06

Tire Maintenance5


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Tire Maintenance

30

Proper Tire Application and Maintenance

Avoiding immediate break since it may cause erosion to part o tread.

Avoiding hard shock.

Avoiding oily road.

Good and correct tire application:

Tire lie will be longer so that it will save cost.

More secured saety and comort or drivers.

Selection o proper tire and suitable or application and felds will also create more secured saety and comort

in driving.

Proper tire maintenance

Periodic tire pressure checking including to the spare tire.

Periodic rotation, suggested at any time reaching distance o 10,000 KM.

Periodic wheel alignment (spooring & balancing), suggested at the time o installing tire and when the distance

reaches 25,000 KM.

Not parking or a long time (days) in constant position and under the sunlight.

Correct tire maintenance


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31

Tire Storage

In order to avoid tire damages, storage must consider ollowing matters

Avoid any sharp objects rom storage area since they may cause damaged or torn tires.

Never store tires in any location directly aected by sunlight since it may speed up ozonization process

To prevent water entering tire, ensure no leakage to windows, doors, and roos where the tires are stored.

Avoid storing tires at oily place since such oil may damage tire quality.

Vertical arrangement o the tires can be conducted as ollows:

For small tires, it may not exceed 10 tires. For medium tires, it may not exceed 8 tires. For big tires, it may not exceed 5 tires.Horizontal tire arrangement can be made at special shel.

Slanting or cross arrangement are not allowed.


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32

Tire pressure checking:

Several eects occurred i the tire has low/high pressure:

The tire will be worn out quickly, especially at shoulder.

There will be side crack.

Tire thread on wall will be broken and may separatethe thread and rubber.

Tread will be easily peeled upat speed o 100 km/hour.

Tire lie will be shorter.

Fuel consumption will be inefcient.

Tread will be worn out quickly, especially at central part.

Tire will be easily slipped.

Tire will be easy to explode i it is cut or crashed byblunt or sharp objects.

It may cause mechanical problems to vehicle.

Tire Pressure

1

2

3

4

Ensure the tire is cold

Label

Check tire pressure

and comparewith its standard

condition

Tire pressure must

conform withrecommendation

of the car factory

Don't forget to check

and compare with

spare tire pressure

Check tire pressure

and compare with

its standard condition

Low Tire Pressure High Tire Pressure

Check any leakage

from valve,

by using water

Valve core must be

replaced with anew one in case of

any leakage &

valve cap must be there.

Tire Maintenance


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Tire With Non Directional Tread Pattern Tire With Directional Tread Pattern

Rear Wheel

Moving Vehicle

Front Wheel

Moving Vehicle

Rear Wheel

Moving Vehicle

Front Wheel

Moving Vehicle

(by Disassembling 1 Tire)

Tire Rotation

33

For optimum tire condition, especially or wear level o lasting longer and spread evenly, tire rotation is signifcantly

required. Tire rotation is adjusted to tread pattern, especially or tread direction since it will inuence tire traction and

balance. Tire rotation is better to perorm every 5,000 to 10,000 km o use.

Notes:

Replacing tire with dierent construction or brand at one axle is not recommended

Tire Rotation by Tread Wear Pattern

Radial Passenger Tire Rotation


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Errors by users/car users.

Errors by storage/transportation.

Errors by process in tire actory.

34

Tire Alignment

Types of Tire Damages and Their Causes

In addition to make comort driving, tire alignment can also reduce possibility o damaged tires caused by bad vehicle

condition. Tire alignment depends on toe, caster, and chamber settings. Non-aligned tires may cause non-spread

wear

Any actors causing tire damages will be as ollows:

Negative Chamber Positive Chamber

Toe In

Toe OutToe In

Negative Caster Positive Caster

Tire Maintenance


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06

Tire Claim Procedure6


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Tire Claim Procedure

36

USER

SALES

SHOP/SUB-AGENT

/AGENT/ DISTRIBUTOR

TECHNICAL

SUPPORT

TIRE CLAIM IS

COMPLETED AND

SENT TO SALES/TECH

SUPPORT

TECH SUPPORT

DIRECTLY

CHECKS/CLAIM TIRE

DATA AND DECIDES

EITHER TO

TECHNICALLY

REPLACE/REJECT

AND INFORM THE

SALES

SALES

COMMUNICATED

RESPONSES TO

TIRE CLAIM TO

DISTRIBUTOR/

SHOP

FORWARDED TO

USER


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37

Claim Tire Replacement Criteria

Claim tire replacement process ollows Customer Claim Handling Procedure. Several criteria or claim tire are as

ollows

Agent/distributor will continue and deliver claimed tire to tire actory o MASA.A

In case agent/distributor does not send the claimed tire, it may contact Customer Care MASA at

62-21-56949559, and then its Technical Support will directly check the tire. Claim at distributor will be as

ollowing consideration:

C

Data on claim tire or claim tire will be inspected by Technical Support and the results o "replaced or rejected"

technically will be communicated to Sales as technical data reerence rom Technical Support in tire claim

sheet ormat.

Based on reerence and decision o Technical Support, the Sales will decide on the claim tire to

agent/distributor.

D

The claim will be rejected in case o:E

In case agent/distributor does not deliver claim tire, it must send data on claim tire with minimum data as

ollows:

Claim date.

Distributor's name/address.

Tire size, brand, pattern.

Production serial number (week code) sliced out rom the claimed tire.

Damage name.

Tire damage photo (damage photo must be clear).

Remained fow depth.

B

Claim tire is suciently high and needs immediate handling.

Claim type is doubtul/dangerous, especially due to actory's error actors.

Requirement on direct explanation rom technical team to shop/agent/distributor/customer.

etc

The tire is intentionally damaged/added with new deect or submitted at non-good will.

Second tire

Vulcanized or repaired tire.

Any tire with non-clear data.

The claim will not be granted/replaced in case o:F

The tire has exceeded 5 years ater production.

The tire was damaged due to misutilization or mistakes by user.

The tire tread's height is less than 1.6 mm.


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PT. Multistrada Arah Sarana, Tbk.

Jl. Raya Lemahabang Km. 58.3

Desa Karangsari Cikarang Timur

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