Types of Tissues

Highlight:

Headings

Vocabulary

Important Information

Terminology

● Tissues – group of cells that carry out specialized activities● Histo = Tissue● …ology = study of

● Pathologists – Study cells and tissue; diseased● Patho = disease

Four Main Types

● Epithelial ● Body surfaces, hollow

organs, glands● Connective

● Binds organs together, energy reserves for fat

● Muscle ● Movement and force

application● Nervous

● Stimulates action potential to activate body functions

1. Epithelial Tissue

1.Covering and Lining

2.Glandular Epithelium

Protection, Filtration, Secretion, Absorption, and Excretion

Divisions:

Functions:

Tissue Arrangements

Layer Arrangement

Simple Stratified Pseudostratified

Single Layer Two or More layers One layer of mixed cells

Osmosis, Diffusion, Absorption, Secretion Protect underlying tissues

In areas of wear and tear

Mucus Secretion And Movement

Cell Shapes

Cell Shapes

Squamous Cuboidal Columnar Transitional

Flat Thick Cubed Tall, Cylindrical Varies

A. Simple Squamous● Function: Filtration, diffusion, osmosis, and

secretion in serous membranes ● Location: Kidneys Glomeruli (water, glucose,

and wastes), Air Sac (Alveoli) of Lungs (Gas Exchange), Heart and Blood Vessels (Nutrients & Medicine)

B. Simple Cuboidal● Function: Secretion and Absorption

● Location: Kidney Tubules (Wastes), Ovary Surface (Ova)

C1. Ciliated Simple Columnar● Function: Moves fluids and particles

along passageways● Location: Found in respiratory tract

(mucosal Movement), fallopian tubes (Ova movement), sinuses (Pathogen removal→ Runny Nose)

Cilia

C2. Non-Ciliated Columnar● Function: Microvilli secretion and Absorption● Location: GI tract lining (Absorption of nutrients and

water) & Gallbladder (Secretion of Bile)

2. Complex Cell Arrangements:

Stratified Epithelium

A. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

● Functions: Mucus movement by cilia action● Location: Found in upper respiratory tract and

urethra, and gonads of males (Sperm maturation)

B. Stratified Squamous● Functions: Protection of superficial layers of skin;

vagina, mouth, esophagus, tongue● Location:

● Keratinized = Superficial Layers of Skin● Non-Keratinized = Wet Surfaces (Mouth, Vagina,

Tongue)

C. Stratified Cuboidal● Functions: Protection and limited secretion of sweat

glands ● Location: Sudoriferous Glands (SWEAT)

D. Transitional Epithelium● Function: Accommodate Distension in the urinary

tract and vaginal walls as fluid pressures vary.● Stretched = Squamous● Relaxed = Cuboidal  

● Location: Lining of the ureters, urethra, and bladder

3. Connective Tissue

Binds organs together, energy reserves for fat

Areolar Loose Con.

Tissue

Cardiac Muscle

Hyaline Cartilage Skeletal

Muscle Tissue

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Nervous

Tissue

Adipose Loose Con. Tissue

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Smooth Muscle Tissue

BoneConnective

Tissue

Bone Tissue

Compact vs. Spongy

●Provides for support, Movement, Marrow (blood-forming)

Haversian Canal

Calcium

Cartilage

Hyaline Cartilage

●Extremely strong, but very flexible and elastic

●Smooth surface for reduction of friction

●Movement of Joints, Flexibility

●Support (Trachea), Ossification of bones

Ground Substance

Chondrocyte

Lacuna

Fibrocartilage●Extremely tough

●Acts as a shock absorber

●Ex: ball and socket joints,

intervertebral disc, meniscus

Elastic Cartilage

● Abundance of elastin for stretching capability

● Nose, Ears, epiglottis, larynx

Dense Fibrous Connective

Tissue

●Dense, Closely packed collagen fibers that provide high tensile strength

●Strong attachment for Tendons (Muscle to Bone), Ligaments (Bone to Bone)

Loose Connective

Tissue

Areolar Connective Tissue

●Provides strength, elasticity, and support to subcutaneous layer and papilary regions of skin

●Consists of Collagen, Elastic, Reticular fibers

Fibroblasts

ElastinCollagen

Adipose

Insulation

Energy Reserves

Fat Storage

Blood Vessel

Nucleus

Adipose Fat (White):

● Used for insulation, energy reserve, fat storage

Adipose Fat (Brown):

● Generates body heat in newborns that do not shiver● After infants grow up, most

of the mitochondria (gives the brown color) disappears, becomes similar to white fat.

● Recent Research=brown fat is related not to white fat, but to skeletal muscle

Loose Conn. TissueReticular Cartilage● Reticular –

Form covering of many internal organs (Stroma)

Blood ● Oxygen Transport

●Clotting (platelets)

●Immunity (WBC’s)

●Nutrient delivery

3. Muscle Tissue

Movement and force application

Cardiac Muscle

●Composes the heart wall

●Functions in pumping blood to all parts of the body

●Intercalated discs contain Gap Junctions (Communication) & Desmosomes (Anchor)

Skeletal Muscle Tissue● Attached to bones by tendons ● Functions in body movements, posture,

thermogenesis● Only Muscle tissue controlled voluntarily

Smooth Muscle Tissue● Forms walls of many internal organs

ie: Stomach, GI tract, Uterus, Anus● Functions in motion of internal

organs

4. Nervous Tissue

NucleusAxon Dendrite

●Consists of Neuron and Neuroglia

●Neuron – Processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical signals (Sensory, Motor, Interneuron)

●Dendrites – Reacts to stimuli

●Axons – Conductor of impulse

Sad? Need a Tissue?

Areolar Loose Con.

Tissue

Cardiac Muscle

Hyaline Cartilage Skeletal

Muscle Tissue

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Nervous

Tissue

Adipose Loose Con. Tissue

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Smooth Muscle Tissue

BoneConnective

Tissue

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS SIMPLE

COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM

PSEUDO-STRATIFIED

CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM

DENSE REGULAR FIBROUS TISSUE

(TENDON)