types of signaling
TRANSCRIPT
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TYPES OF CELL SIGNALING(with specific example of each)
PRESENTED BY-NEHA MAYACH
M.Sc. LIFE SCIENCES(3rd semester)
CENTRAL UNIVERSITY OF GUJARAT DATE- 11.08.2015
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CONTENT• Introduction of cell signaling• Its need• Brief history• Types of cell signaling- 1. Autocrine2. Paracrine3. Endocrine• Recapitulation• Review article using types of cell signaling• Reference
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CELL SIGNALLING- (Brief History)
• In 1970, Martin Rodbell examined effects of glucagon on rat's liver cell membrane receptor.
• He revealed about guanosine triphosphate and stimulated G-protein role in cell's metabolism.
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AUTOCRINEcells respond to substances which they themselves release and thus changes takes place in the cell itself
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EXAMPLE:-• Tumour cells
release growth factors for their own survival and proliferation
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ENDOCRINE Signaling over long distance
Signal molecules(hormones) secreted by glands
Bloodstream carries hormones far and wide may lie anywhere in the body
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EXAMPLE:-Epinephrine-
amino acid derivative(of tyrosine)
hydrophilic signaling molecule (bind to G protein coupled receptor)
Released from Adrenal medulla
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FUNCTION-
Acts on LIVER cells to increase
blood glucose
level
Glycogen breakdown
Gluconeogenesis(glucose from pyruvate)
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Glycogen breakdown Glycolysis(more ATP) Beta Oxidation(breakdown of fatty acid for energy)
Acts on MUSCLE cells to make ATP-
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FIGHT OR FLIGHT(The physiological response to a threatening situation, which readies one either to resist forcibly or to run away)
• Muscle needs energy!
• So liver makes glucose and muscle breaks glucose down to ATP.
• Available for use to fight and flight.
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7TM receptor(serpentine receptor)Made up of single polypeptide
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PARACRINESignaling molecules released by a secretory cell affectonly those target cells in close proximity
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•For paracrine signals to act locally , secreted molecules must not be allowed to diffuse to far.
•Rapidly taken up by neighboring target cells or immobilized by ECM.
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EXAMPLES:-• conduction by a neurotransmitter of a signal from one nerve
cell to another or from a nerve cell to a muscle cell
• Mostly studies neurotransmitters-
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NEURO-MUSCULAR JUNCTION
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Chemically gated receptors or Ion channel receptors
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ION GATED CHANNELFundamental task of neuron-to
receive, conduct, transmit signals.
Neurons are excitable cells, have ability to respond to stimulus by producing an electrical signal.
Nerve impulse propagates at speed ranging from 0.5 to 130 ms.
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REVIEW ARTICLE Autocrine insulin-like growth factor-I signaling promotes growth survival of human acute myeloid leukemia cells via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway
• role for autocrine IGF-I signaling in the growth and survival of primary AML cells.
• IGF-IR inhibitors in combination with chemotherapeutic agents may represent a novel approach to target human AML(Acute myeloid leukemia)
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RECAPITULATEAUTOCRINE CELL SIGNALING- normal cell ,cancer cell
ENDOCRINE CELL SIGNALING- epinephrine, GPCR, G protein, adenylate cyclase, cAMP fight and flight response
PARACRINE CELL SIGNALING- Neurotransmitter, neuro-muscular transmitter, ion gated channels
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REFERENCES:-I. THE CELL- Geoffrey M.Cooper and Robert E.Hausman (5th edition)
II. BIOCHEMISTRY- Lubert Stryer (6th edition)
III. THE CELL- Alberts (5th edition)
IV. Review(Nature) Leukemia (2007) Nature Publishing Group www.nature.com/leu
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THANK YOU