types of rocks. 1. explain how rocks can be formed? 2. what is the rock cycle? warm-up:
TRANSCRIPT
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Types of Rocks
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1. Explain how rocks can be formed?
2. What is the rock cycle?
Warm-Up:
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Warm-Up:
Describe the texture and composition of the two igneous rocks.
A B
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How to Classify a RockHow to Classify a RockRock - A naturally occurring, solid, mixture of one or more minerals or organic matter
3 Groups (based on formation): igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
Texture and composition give clues as to how rocks are formed, and are used to classify rocks
Composition – the type of material a rock contains
Texture – the size, shape and arrangement of the minerals/particles that make up a rock.
Rocks are always changing form in a cycle called the Rock Cycle
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Web Links (also found on my website)
Rock Cycle Interactivehttp://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/index.html
Rock Cycle Animations
http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es0602page02.cfm
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Igneous RocksExtrusive rocks- formed by cooling lava
Texture:• glassy (obsidian)• porous (pumice)• fine-grained (basalt)
Intrusive rocks- formed by cooling magma
Texture: • coarse-grained (granite)
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Formation of Extrusive Igneous Rock
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Extrusive Igneous Rock
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Formation of Intrusive Igneous Rock
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Intrusive Igneous Rock
Yosemite N.P.
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Obsidian…
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Basalt…
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Granite…
Course Grained Texture
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Pumice…
Porous Texture
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Sedimentary Rocks Formed by:
Weathering (breaking down of rock)
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Examples of WeatheringMechanical Weathering
Root Action
Frost Action
Moss
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Examples of Weathering
Chemical Weathering: Oxidation (rock exterior)
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Sedimentary Rocks Formed by:
Weathering (breaking down of rock)
Erosion (movement of sediments)
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Five Agents of Erosion
Gravity (Mass wasting)
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Gravity (Mass Wasting)
Slumping
Soil creep
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Five Agents of Erosion
Gravity (Mass wasting)Wind
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Wind
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Five Agents of Erosion
Gravity (Mass wasting)WindRunning water
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Running Water
Yellowstone Canyon & River
Niagara Falls
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Five Agents of Erosion
Gravity (Mass wasting)WindRunning waterGlaciers
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Glaciers
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Five Agents of Erosion
Gravity (Mass wasting)WindRunning waterGlaciersWaves
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Waves
Australia
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Five Agents of Erosion
Gravity (Mass wasting)WindRunning waterGlaciersWaves
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Sedimentary Rocks Formed by:
Weathering (breaking down of rock)
Erosion (movement of sediments)
Deposition (collection of sediments)
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Examples of Deposition
Lateral moraine
Cape Cod (spit)
Nile River Delta
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Sedimentary Rocks Formed by:
Weathering (breaking down of rock)
Erosion (movement of sediments)
Deposition (collection of sediments)
Compaction & Cementation
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Compaction & Cementation
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Sedimentary Rocks (categorized by composition)
Clastic Rocks (rock fragments) • Conglomerates (pebbles) • Sandstones (sand) • Shales (mud & clay)
Organic Rocks (once living) • Ex: limestone(coral and shells), coal (plants)
Chemical Rocks (evaporation)• Ex: rock salt, limestone, geodes, gypsum
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Clastic Sedimentary Rock…Conglomerate
Shale
Sandstone
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Organic Sedimentary Rocks…
Coal (plant mateiral) Limestone (shell & coral)
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Chemical Sedimentary Rocks…
Limestone
Gypsum rock
Geode
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Metamorphic Rocks Formed by tremendous heat & pressure, and chemical reactions inside the crust.
Formed from all three rock types.
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Types of Metamorphic Rock
Foliated (bands or layers) Ex: schist, slate, gneiss
Gneiss
Slate
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Foliated texture
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Unfoliated (no bands or layers) Ex: marble and quartzite
Types of Metamorphic Rock
Quartzite
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Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Igneous Rocks
Sediments
Magma & Lava
Heat Pressure
Compaction &Cementation
W.E.D.
W.E.D.
W.E.D.
Melting
Heat Pressure
Cooling
W.E.D. = Weathering, Erosion, & Deposition
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Closure:
Describe the texture and composition of the two igneous rocks.
A B
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Warm-up / Closure:
1. In igneous rocks how is cooling rate and crystal size related?
2. Which rock type would you have the best chance of finding a fossil? Why?