types of orthodontic appliances

TYPES OF ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES

Dr . Fitri Octavianti12th June 2013

Orthodontic Appliances

• Removable appliances• Functional appliances• Fixed appliances

REMOVABLE APPLIANCES• Appliances can be inserted and removed from the mouth by the patient

Component of removable appliance

• Active component• Retentive component• Anchorage• Baseplate

Active components

Active component of Removable Appliances

• Springs, bows• Screws• Elastics


Z-Spring• 0.5 mm diameter SS• Function: proclination of 1 or 2 incisors


T-Spring • 0.5 mm diameter SS= incisors• 0.6 mm diameter SS=premolars• Function: proclination of incisors, premolars


Finger /palatal spring

• 0.5 mm diameter SS= incisors• 0.6 mm diameter SS= canine and premolars• Function: mesial or distal movement


Labial Bow • 0.7 mm diameter SS• Function: retraction of anterior teeth


Split Labial Bow • 0.7 mm diameter SS• Function: Retraction of anterior teeth and close midline diastema


Robert Retractor • 0.5 mm diameter SS + sleeve• Function: retraction of anterior teeth


Buccal canine retractor• 0.7 mm diameter SS• Function: Palatal and distal movement of mesially angulated canines


Coffin spring • 1.25 mm diameter SS• Function: transverse expansion, buccal crossbite correction


Screw

Function: Expansion and distalization

Activation: 1 turn / week = 0.25mm (1/4 turn)

ELASTICS

Rubber or Latex rings

Used in:– Extra oral traction– Inter-intramaxillary traction

Patient cooperation

Retentive components

Types of Clasps

1. Adams Clasps

2. Southend Clasps

5. Delta Clasps

4. Ball-ended Clasps

3. Labial bow

Retentive component of Removable Appliances

• 0.7 mm diameter SS on molars• 0.6 mm SS on premolars, canine and

deciduous molar

Adams clasps


• 0.7 mm diameter SSSouthend clasps

Function: Useful when distal movement of canines required


• 0.7 mm diameter SSLabial bow

Function:- Retention- important when mesial / distal

movement is planned


Labial bowShort labial bow

Long labial bow

Ball- ended Clasps

• Undercut interproximally

• minimal retention

• 0.7 mm diameter SS

Delta Clasps

• 0.7 mm diameter SS• Difficult to adjust

Anchorage

Definition: the resistance to unwanted tooth movement

• equal in magnitude and opposite in direction

Types of intra oral Anchorage

• Simple

• Reciprocal

• Stationary

• Intermaxillary

Types of INTRA ORAL Anchorage

Simple Anchorage

Active movement of few teeth versus several anchor teeth


Resiprocal Anchorage

When two teeth or two sets of teeth move to an equal extent in an opposite direction


Stationary Anchorage

Bodily movement of one group of teeth against tipping of another


Intermaxillary Anchorage

When the anchorage units situated in one jaw used to provide the force required to move teeth in the opposing jaw

Baseplate

1. Hold components2. Clear acrylic : - heat cure - cold cure - autoresin3. Comfortable4. Good fit5. Can be active - biteplanes

Baseplate

Posterior biteplanes Anterior biteplanes

REMOVABLE OR FIXED ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES WHICH USE FORCES GENERATED BY THE STRETCHING OF MUSCLES, FASCIA, AND /OR PERIODONTIUM TO ALTER SKELETAL AND DENTAL RELATIONSHIPS

FUNCTIONAL APPLIANCES

TYPE OF CASE• For correction of moderate to severe Class II div I and Class II div 2• Less for correction of Class III due to much lower success

INDICATIONS

PATIENT1. Growing patient2. Motivated patientDENTAL3. Classic case: uncrowded, well aligned 4. Functional appliance have non-mechanism for treating

irregularities of alignment of teethSKELETAL5. Moderate to severe Class II skeletal base 6. Normal to low MMPA

CONTRA INDICATIONS• Non-growing• Non compliance• Labial tipping of lower incisors• Care needed with: High angle cases with backward mandibular growth rotation Cases with proclined lower incisors

TYPES OF FUNCTIONAL APPLIANCE• TWIN BLOCK• THE ANDRESEN ACTIVATOR• THE HARVOLD ACTIVATOR• HERBST APPLIANCE• MEDIUM OPENING ACTIVATOR• BIONATOR• FRANKEL APPLIANCE• Others

Twin block appliance• The upper and lower parts fit together using posterior bite

blocks with interlocking biteplanes which posture the mandible forward

The Andresen Activator

Herbst Appliance

• A fix-functional appliance.

Bionator

• Minimal bulk

The Frankle Appliance

• Is a functional regulator and uses shield.

• Complex, uncomfortable, rapid changes if worn properly.

• Three main variants:• FR1: Class II div 1• FR2: Class II div2• FR3: Class III

WEAR• 12-14 hrs-Andresen, Harvold, Bionator• Full-time- twin block, Herbst, Frankel (except for eating and sports)

APPLIANCE WHICH IS FIXED TO TEETH AND CANNOT BE REMOVED BY THE PATIENT

FIXED APPLIANCES

2. Axillaries (attach arch wire to brackets and bands to move teeth such as tubes, hooks and elastics

3. Arch wires are attached to the brackets by bending the wire, it will give force and pressure that cause teeth to move in the desired direction .

1. Attachments include bands (especially on 1st and 2nd

molars) & brackets bonded directly to the teeth (especially on anterior & premolar teeth) .

COMPONANTS OF FIXED APPLIANCE

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

A. Bracket

B. Arch wire

C. Elastomeric modules

D. Elastic

E. Hook

F. Tube

G. Band

Full banding braces

Metal bracket

Plastic brackets Plastic brackets with metal slot

Ceramic brackets

Self ligating bracket

Self ligating clear bracket

Lingual appliances

Clear plastic appliances

Fixed Appliances Removable appliances - Precise three dimensional control of tooth movement

- Less precise control of tooth movement

- Bodily tooth movement - Tipping movement - High anchorage requirement - Smaller anchorage

requirement - Controlled space closure possible

- Controlled space closure difficult

- Simple to correct rotations - More difficult to correct rotations.

- Long chairside time - Short chairside time - Not dependent on compliance to wear

- Dependent on compliance to wear

- Require extensive training to manage

- Require less training to manage

- Multiple tooth movement - Fewer tooth movement

types of orthodontic appliances

Documents