types of muscle contractions

3

Types of Muscle Contractions

Learner's Module in SPS 7

Quarter 1 ● Module 3

SALVATORE L. DOGAONG Developer

Department of Education • Cordillera Administrative Region

ii

Republic of the Philippines DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Cordillera Administrative Region

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BAGUIO CITY Military Cut-off, Baguio City

Published by: DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City

Curriculum Implementation Division

COPYRIGHT NOTICE 2020

Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides: “No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines.

However, prior approval of the government agency of office wherein the work is

created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.”

This material has been developed for the implementation of K-12 Curriculum through

the Curriculum Implementation Division (CID)—Learning Resource Management and

Development System (LRMDS). It can be reproduced for educational purposes and

the source must be acknowledged. Derivatives of the work including creating an edited

version, an enhancement or a supplementary work are permitted provided all original

work is acknowledged and the copyright is attributed. No work may be derived from

this material for commercial purposes and profit.

iii

PREFACE

This module is a project of the Curriculum Implementation Division particularly

the Learning Resource Management and Development Unit, Department of

Education, Schools Division of CAR which is in response to the implementation of the

K to 12 Curriculum.

This Learning Material is a property of the Department of Education- CID,

Schools Division of CAR. It aims to improve students’ performance specifically in

Special Program in Sports.

Date of Development September 2020

Resource Location DepEd Schools Division of Baguio City

Learning Area Special Program in Sports

Grade Level 7

Learning Resource Type Module

Language English

Quarter/Week Quarter 1 /Week 4

Learning Competency Code SPS_BM7-Ie-6

Learning Competency Differentiate the types of muscular

contractions

iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The developer wishes to express her gratitude to those who help in the development

of this learning material. The fulfillment of this learning material would not be possible without

these people who gave their support, helping hand and cooperation:

The developer extends her fullest gratitude and appreciation to Nicodemus B. Gam-

ad and Ortez D. Gabol for their constant support and insightful comments and suggestions in

the development of the learning material.

To her colleague in the Grade 7 for their excellent ideas and suggestions in the

proposed learning activities.

And to all in one way or the other help me to finish this learning material. Thank you

and May God be with you all.

Development Team

Developer Salvatore L. Dogaong Illustrator Charlie L. Dogaong Editor and Layout Artist Jennifer C. Pinlac

Reviewed Jeanie Claire Piggangay, PhD Regional EPS – MAPEH

School Learning Resources Management Committee

Brenda M. Carińo School Head / Principal

Ortez D. Gabol Subject / Learning Area Specialist

Sherwin Fernando School LR Coordinator

Quality Assurance Team

Lolita A. Manzano, Ed.D. EPS – MAPEH

Nino M. Tibangay, Ed.D. PSDS – District III

Learning Resource Management Section Staff

Loida C. Mangangey EPS – LRMDS

Victor A. Fernandez Education Program Specialist II - LRMDS

Christopher David G. Oliva Project Development Officer II – LRMDS

Priscilla A. Dis-iw Librarian II

Lily B. Mabalot Librarian I

CONSULTANTS

JULIET C. SANNAD, EdD

Chief Education Supervisor – CID

SORAYA T. FACULO, PhD

Asst. Schools Division Superintendent

MARIE CAROLYN B. VERANO, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

v

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

COPYRIGHT NOTICE…………………………………………..……...…..….... ii

PREFACE.………………………………………………………………...…….… iii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT……………………………………………….…….…..... iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS...…………………………………………….……..….. v

Types of Muscle Contractions…………………………………………………. 1

What I Need to Know…………………………………………………………….. 2

What I Know ………………………………………………………….…………... 3

What’s In ………………………………………………………….………………. 5

What’s New ………………………………………………………….…………… 5

Activity 1 Poem …………………………………………………………... 5

What is It ………………………………………………………….………………. 6

What’s More ………………………………………………………….…………... 8

Activity 1 Scrambled Letters …………………...………………………. 8

Activity 2 True or False ……………………………………………........ 9

Activity 3 Matching Type….…………………………………………....... 9

What I Have Learned ……………………………………………………………. 10

Activity 1: Fill in the Blanks… …………………...………………………. 10

What I Can Do ……………………………………………………….…….…….. 11

Assessment …………………...…………………………………………………. 13

ANSWER KEY……………………………………………………………………. 15

REFERENCES…………………………………………………...…….…….…... 16

1

Types of Muscle Contractions

Learner's Module in SPS 7

Quarter 1 ● Module 3

SALVATORE L. DOGAONG Developer

2

What I Need to Know

This module is designed to provide you with essential knowledge, skills, and

attitude in understanding the basic concepts of muscle contraction which is very

relevant for you learners and athletes.

This module begins with a pre-assessment for you to have an overview of the

lesson followed by a series of activities which will allow you to understand simple

concepts leading to more challenging ones. At the end of every activity, assessment

tasks are provided to check your level of understanding and at the end of the lesson,

a post-assessment is provided to evaluate your over-all understanding of the module.

This module is designed for you beloved learners to guide you to achieve the

prescribed learning competencies for this lesson. It also aims to provide you lessons

which are clear, accurate and easy to understand. May you find it helpful, interesting,

and enjoyable.

At the end of this module, you were able to:

• Identify and differentiates the different types of muscular contractions

• Apply the different muscular contractions in the given exercise’s activity

• Recognize the importance of the different contractions in their

training/exercises

3

What I Know

Let us determine how much you know the different types of muscle contraction.

You are requested to read and analyze each statement carefully. Choose the best

answer and write the letter of your answer on your answer sheet.

Pre-assessment

______1. What do we call the contractions and exercises performed using special

design machine?

A. Isometric C. Isokinetic

B. Overcoming D. Isotonic

_____2. What do we call the contractions that changes the muscles length?



_____3. What do we call the contractions that generate force without changing the

muscle length?



_____4. Who introduced Isokinetic?

A. W. Morgan C. J.J. Perrine

B. J. Naismith D. J.M. Chan

_____5. What contraction occurs when a muscle contraction is opposed by

resistance?

A. Yielding C. Isokinetic


_____6. When performing bicep curl, what muscle contraction is being applied?



_____7. Mr. Felix use the Tread Mill in running because it is raining. What muscle

contraction is being applied?



_____8. How do you classify push wall lunges exercise?



4

_____9. What is the meaning of “ISO” in Isometric?

A. Stay C. Different

B. Same D. None

_____10. Which of the following is an example of isotonic contraction?

A. Push Wall C. Planking

B. Squats D. Side Plank

_____11. Which of the following is an example of yielding?


B. Squats D. None of the above

_____12. In bicep curl, when lifting the weights, what kind of isotonic contraction is

being performed?

A. Concentric C. Both

B. Eccentric D. None

In items, number 13-15 analyze the picture below.

_____13. What type of muscle contraction is being applied in the quadriceps?

A. Concentric C. Isokinetic

B. Overcoming D. Eccentric

_____14. What type of muscle contraction is being applied in the hamstring?



_____15. What type of muscle contraction is being applied in the gastrocnemius?



5

What’s In

You have learned the motions across the different planes. You are expected to

identify and describe sagittal, frontal, and transverse plane. Let us now proceed to our

next topic which is different types of muscle contraction.

Athletes perform different types of exercises during trainings and competitions.

These are needed to warm their body up to perform better and at least to be free from

injury. They do dynamic and static exercises. In their movement involves muscle

contractions, it may lengthen or shorten the muscles or make the muscle stiff or

relaxed.

What’s New

Activity 1. Read the poem and encircle your answer to the questions below.

When the Gym Runs Out of Weights -Simon George

When the Gym runs out of weights, I will lift my son.

He weighs about 100 pounds or so,

And it would give me a good workout

To lift him up and down as one would lift a barbell.

My son would stay quiet and rigid while I lift him up and down

And roar furiously as my muscles consume me

He is a good boy.

He would stay very still and would be

A decent substitute for the weights I will miss dearly.

When the Gym runs out of weights, I’ll lift Gordon.

He is my neighbor, and he once told me

That he would never let me bench-press him,

But I think he was kidding.

I’d really have to push myself to the limit

When I am lifting my neighbor Gordon up and down to grow stronger.

1. What organs of the body does the author want to go stronger?

(muscle, stomach, skeleton)

2. When the gym runs out of weights, what did the author use as substitute

weights? (barbell, weight of his son, sack of rice)

3. How does the author lift his son and his neighbor Gordon? (side by side,

diagonally, up and down)

6

What is it

Now let us see the essence of what you did in the previous activity. As we learn

the concepts and terms in the different types of muscle contractions, let us also

remember to include them in our exercises or training.

TYPES OF MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS

ISOTONIC CONTRACTIONS

-isotonic contractions maintain constant tension in the muscle as the muscle

changes length. Isotonic muscle contractions can be either concentric or eccentric

CONCENTRIC CONTRACTIONS

-a concentric contraction is a type of muscle contraction in which the

muscles shorten while generating force, overcoming resistance. For example, when

lifting a heavy weight, a concentric contraction of the biceps would cause the arm to

bend at the elbow, lifting the weight towards the shoulder. Cross bridge cycling occurs,

shortening the sarcomere, muscle fiber, and the muscle.

ECCENTRIC CONTRACTIONS

-an eccentric contraction results in the elongation of a muscle while the

muscle is still generating force; in effect, resistance is greater than force generated.

Eccentric contractions can be both voluntary and involuntary. For example, a voluntary

eccentric contraction would be the controlled lowering of the heavy weight raised

during the above concentric contraction. An involuntary eccentric contraction may

occur when a weight is too great for a muscle to bear and so it is slowly lowered while

under tension. Cross-bridge cycling occurs even though the sarcomere, muscle fiber,

and muscle are lengthening, controlling the extension of the muscle.

Concentric Contraction Eccentric Contraction

Concentric Contraction

7

ISOMETRIC CONTRACTIONS

“Iso”- same, “Metr”-distance

In contrast to isotonic contractions, isometric contractions generate force

without changing the length of the muscle, common in the muscles of the hand and

forearm responsible for grip. Using the above example, the muscle contraction

required to grip but not move a heavy object prior to lifting would be isometric.

Isometric contractions are frequently used to maintain posture.

Isometric Contraction

Isometric contractions are sometimes described as yielding or overcoming.

YIELDING - contraction occurs when a muscle contraction is opposed by

resistance. For example, when holding a heavy weight steady, neither raising nor

lowering it.

OVERCOMING-contraction occurs when a muscle contraction is opposed by

an immovable object, such as the contraction generated in the muscles when pushing

against the wall.

In both instances, cross-bridge cycling is maintaining tension in the muscle; the

sarcomere, muscle fibers, and the muscle are not changing length

ISOKINETIC CONTRACTIONS

“Iso”-same, “Kinetic”-motion

Introduced by J.J. Perrine in 1968, contractions and exercises are done using

specially design machine and are combination of isotonic and isometric exercises.

Machines allow for maximum resistance over the complete range of motion.

These types of movements are usually applied in water sports, skating,

climbing, running etc.

8

What’s More

Hoping you have read all the concepts and terms in the different types of

contraction. To test your understanding. Answer the different activities. Write your

answer in the answer sheet.

Activity 1: Rearrange the scrambled letters to identify what is being asked. Write your

answer in the answer sheet.

1. INETICSKIO ONSACTITRACON =__________________________contractions

and exercises are done using specially design machine

2. OTOSINIC ASNOTICTNOCA =___________________________contractions

maintain constant tension in the muscle as the muscle changes length.

3. ITRISCEMO ITONASTCNOAC =___________________________contractions

generate force without changing the length of the muscle.

4. MINGCOREVO =_________________________________________contraction

is opposed by an immovable object

5. CENTCIRCON SNOITCARTNOC =___________________________contraction

in which the muscles shorten while generating force

Activity 2: True or False. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the

statement is wrong.

_______1. In sit-ups, the contraction in the core muscle when going up is concentric

contraction.

_______2. Running in the tread mill is an example of isokinetic contraction.

_______3. Lifting a bow and holding it for 20 seconds is an example of isometric

contraction

_______4. Push wall is an example of overcoming in isometric contraction.

_______5. Eccentric contraction results in the elongation of a muscle.

9

Activity 3: Matching Type. Match the type of contractions in column A to the sample

exercises in column B.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

TERMS SAMPLE EXERCISE

___1. Eccentric Contraction

a. contraction of abdominal muscles while doing

sit-ups and the movement is going down

___2. Concentric Contraction

b. contraction of abdominal muscles while doing

sit-ups and the movement is going up

___3. Overcoming

c. contraction of the calf while pushing a wall for 16

seconds.

___4. Yielding

d. contraction of the deltoid muscles when holding

a bow for 20 seconds.

___5. Isokinetic Contraction

e. running in the tread mill

What I Have Learned

Activity 2: Complete the diagram below. Write your answer sheet

Types of Muscle

Contraction

1._________________

________

2._________________

____

3.________________

____________

4._________________

_________

Eccentric

Contraction

10

What I Can Do

Activity 1: The Promise. Give your promise by filling-up the blank.

As ____________________ athlete, I promise to perform or include in my (event)

daily training the __________, _______________, _____________, ____________

(give at least 4 isotonic exercises)

exercise, also I will not ignore my _____________, _____________,____________. (give at least 3 isometric exercises)

If I have special equipment like stationary bike I will do ___________and ________ (isokinetic exercises)

By doing this I will become…

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Activity 2: “Do It your Self”. Perform the following exercises and answer the

processing questions.

1. Squats

1. 2.

Processing questions:

a. How did you find the activity?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________.

b. How does your quadriceps and hamstring move when going down?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________.

Procedure: 1. From standing position, lower your

buttocks until you are in sitting position.

2. From sitting position, go back to

standing position. 3. Do it for at least 15 repetitions.

11

2. Planking

Processing questions:

a. Which part of the body is being developed in this exercise? Why?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________.

b. What type of contraction is being applied in this exercise? Why?

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

Procedure: Lie on the floor with your toes

and forearms on the ground. Keep your body straight and hold this position for 45 seconds.

12

Post-assessment

Choose the best answer and write the letter of your answer on your answer sheet.

_____1. Which of the following is an example of yielding?


B. Squats D. None of the above

_____2. In bicep curl, when lifting the weights, what kind of isotonic contraction is

being performed?

A. Concentric C. Both

B. Eccentric D. None

In items, number 3-5 analyze the picture below.

_____3. What type of muscle contraction is being applied in the quadriceps?



_____4. What type of muscle contraction is being applied in the hamstring?



_____5. What type of muscle contraction is being applied in the gastrocnemius?



_____6. When performing bicep curl, what muscle contraction is being applied?



13

_____7. Mr. Felix use the Tread Mill in running because it is raining. What muscle

contraction is being applied?



_____8. How do you classify push wall lunges exercise?



_____9. What is the meaning of “ISO” in Isometric?

A. Stay C. Different

B. Same D. None

_____10. Which of the following is an example of isotonic contraction?


B. Squats D. Side Plank

______11. What do we call the contractions and exercises performed using special

design machine?



______12. What do we call the contractions that changes the muscles length?



______13. What do we call the contractions that generate force without changing the

muscle length?



______14. Who introduced Isokinetic?

A. W. Morgan C. J.J. Perrine

B. J. Naismith D. J.M. Chan

______15. What contraction occurs when a muscle contraction is opposed by

resistance?

A. Yielding C. Isokinetic


14

Key Answer

Pre-Assessment 1.C 6.D 11. C 2.D 7.B 12. A 3.A 8.B 13. D 4.C 9.B 14. A 5.A 10.B 15. A Review 1. MUSCLE 2. HIS SON AND GORDON 3. UP AND DOWN Enrichment Activity Activity 1 Activity 2 1.ISOKINETIC CONTRACTION 1.ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION 2.ISOTONIC CONTRACTION 2.ISOTONIC CONTRACTION 3.ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION 3.ISOKINETIC CONTRACTION 4.OVERCOMING 4.CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION 5.CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION Activity 2 Activity 3 1. TRUE 1.A 2. TRUE 2.B 3. TRUE 3.C 4. TRUE 4.D 5. TRUE 5.E What I Have Learned Activity 2 1.ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION 2.ISOTONIC CONTRACTION 3.ISOKINETIC CONTRACTION 4.CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION Post-Assessment 1.C 6.D 11. C 2.A 7.B 12. D 3.D 8.B 13. A 4.A 9.B 14. C 5.A 10.B 15. A

15

References Clickhole. “When the Gym Runs out of Weights”. Accessed on September 17, 2020.

https://clickhole.com/7-weightlifting-poems-that-will-get-you-pumped-

1825120387/.

Medicine LibreTexts. “Types of Muscle Contractions: Isotonic and Isometric” . 2020.

Accessed on September 11, 2020.

https://med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Anatomy_and_Physiology/Book%3A_

Anatomy_and_Physiology_(Boundless)/9%3A_Muscular_System/9.3%3A_Co

ntrol_of_Muscle_Tension/9.3E%3A_Types_of_Muscle_Contractions%3A_Isot

onic_and_Isometric.

16

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education-Cordillera Administrative Region

Schools Division of Baguio City

No. 82 Military Cut-off Road, Baguio City

Telefax: 442-7819

Email Address: [email protected]

Social Media: facebook.com/DepEdTayoBaguioCity

types of muscle contractions

Documents