Types of Government

Chapter 1 Section 3

AristotleThree types of Government

• Autocracy: rule by one person

• Oligarchy: rule by a few people

• Democracy: rule by many

Autocracy

• Totalitarian Dictatorship: Ideas of a single rule are glorified. Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin.

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Monarchy

• King, Queen, emperor exercise supreme powers of the government. Ex(King Abdulla of Saudi Arabia.

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Constitutional Monarchy

• Monarchs that share governmental powers with elected legislatures, serve main as ceremonial leaders.

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Oligarchy

• Small group holds power. Wealth, military power and social position often are reasons for their position.

Democracy

• Any system of government in which rule is by the people

• From the Greek word “demos” meaning people and “kratia” meaning rule.

Direct Democracy

• Only in small towns now. No countries have this any more. Used in ancient Greece.

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Representative Democracy

• “Indirect” democracy.

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Characteristics of Democracy

• Individual Liberty

• Majority rule with Minority Rights

• Free Elections

• Competing Political Parties

Individual Liberty

• Not totally free, but allowed to do as one wishes without infringing on others.

Majority rule

• Still protect minorities rights.

• Endo v. United States

Endo v. US

• Got rid of detention centers due to prejudice. (Japanese Americans WWII)

• US paid $20,000 to those who had relocated in 1988.

Free Election

• “One person-one vote”

• Candidates can express views freely in order for people to make their decision.

Competing Political Parties

• Political Party: group of people with broad common interests who organize and nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct government, and determine public policy.

“Soil of Democracy”

• Most places democracy fails.

• Must have certain things within an environment.

Active Citizen Participation

• Citizens must be informed and active for democracy to work.

A Favorable Economy

• “Free enterprise” means people can control their economic decisions. Keeps them informed and interested.

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Widespread Education

• Educated citizens so they can read, be informed, and make responsible decisions.

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Strong Civil society

• A huge network of voluntary associations, economic groups, religious groups etc.

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Social Consensus

• Have basic outlines of values that everyone agrees with and follows.

Economic Theories

• Chapter 1 Section 4

Economics

• The study of human efforts to satisfy seemingly unlimited wants through the use of limited resources.

• Study of production and consumption of goods.

Economics

• The study of human efforts to satisfy seemingly unlimited wants through the use of limited resources.

• Study of production and consumption of goods.

Resources

• Land, water, minerals and trees

• Skills, knowledge and physical capabilities

Role of Economic Sources• Three Big Decisions governments have to

make.

• 1) what and how much should be produced

• 2) how goods and services should be produced

• 3) who gets the goods and services that are produced

Three major economies

• Capitalism

• Socialism

• Communism

CAPITALISM

1) Private ownership and control of property and economic resources

2) Free enterprise

3)Competition among businesses

4) Freedom of choice

5)Possibility of profits

Free Market

• Buyers and sellers were free to make unlimited economic decisions.

• People could work for economic gain.

• Wealth should be used aggressively.

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Adam Smith

• Scottish philosopher who wrote The Wealth of Nations.

• Laissez-faireQuickTime™ and a

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Laissez Faire

• “to let alone”

• Limited government role

• Hands off except ensuring free competition

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Competition

• Supply and Demand

• Free competition

• Buyers and Sellers control the market.

Example

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Mixed-Market Economy

• America is not full-blown capitalist.

• Free enterprise is combined with and supported by government decisions in the marketplace.

• Free, fair, and protecting public interest.

Socialism

• Government owns the basic means of production.

• Determines the use of resources

• Distributes the products and wages

• Provides social services such as education, health care and welfare

Three main goals1) Distribute wealth and economic

opportunity equally among people.

2) Control of major decisions about production through society/government

3) Public ownership of most land, factories and other means of production.

Democratic Socialism

• People have basic human rights and some control of government officials through free elections

• Government control production

• Tanzania, Denmark, Norway, Sweden.

Communism

• Karl Marx The Communist Manifesto

• Class struggle: Bourgeoisie v. Proletariat

• “Workers of the World Unite!”

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Command Economy

• Decisions are made in upper-levels of government and handed down to managers.

• State owns and controls everything: media, land, industry, natural resources, transportation.

China

• Government controls births, housing, industry.

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