TYPES OF DIABETES

Learning objectives:

The learning objectives of this lesson is to:

• Understand the definition, causes, symptoms, risk factors of

type 1 Diabetes.

• Understand the definition, causes, symptoms, risk factors of

type 2 Diabetes.

• Understand the definition, causes, symptoms of Gestational

Diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes:

Type 1 diabetes develops when the insulin-producing cells in the body have been destroyed and the body is unable to produce any insulin.

Waning signs ( symptoms ):

• Feeling more thirsty than usual• Dry mouth• Fruity breath• Frequent urination

As blood sugar levels remain high, type 1 diabetes often leads to:

Later Red flag:

Weight lossBigger appetiteLack of energy, drowsiness

Skin Problems:Many people with type 1 diabetes get uncomfortable skin conditions, including:

Bacterial infectionsFungal infectionsItching, dry skin, poor circulation 

Dangerous Complications

When blood sugar isn't controlled, type 1 diabetes can cause

more serious symptoms, like:

• Numbness or tingling in the feet

• Blurred vision

• Low blood sugar (called hypoglycemia)

• Passing out

• If your blood sugar gets too high or too low, you could go into a

diabetic coma.

You may not have any warning signs before this happens. You

will need to get emergency treatment.

Risk factors for developing type 1 diabetes:

1- Family history: 2-6 % is the risk percentage of developing the

diseases in child who has a parent or sibling with type 1 diabetes

2- Autoimmune diseases:

Having an autoimmune disorders, such as thyroid disease and

celiac disease, raise the risk of type 1 diabetes.

3- History of childhood viruses:

Viruses that have been associated with type 1 diabetes as

environmental triggers include enteroviruses, adenovirus, rubella,

cytomegalovirus.

Having high blood sugar for a long time can damage many

of your body's systems. Type 1 diabetes can make you

more likely to have:

Heart disease and stroke

Kidney failure

Blindness or other problems seeing

Gum disease and tooth loss

As mentioned previously, In type 1 diabetes, your immune system destroys cells in your pancreas that make insulin.

In type 2 diabetes, develops when the insulin-producing cells in the body are unable to produce enough insulin, or when the insulin that is produced does not work properly.

The symptoms of the two forms are similar, but usually come on more quickly in people with type 1.

Type 1 vs. Type 2 Diabetes

Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes:

Type 2 diabetes can cause serious health complications. That's why is very important to know how to spot type 2 diabetes symptoms.

• Increased thirst

• Increased hunger (especially

after eating)

• Dry mouth

• Frequent urination

• Loss of consciousness (rare)

• Unexplained weight loss

(even though you are eating

and feel hungry)

• Fatigue (weak, tired feeling)

• Blurred vision

• Headaches

Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes

You have pre-diabetes

If diabetes runs in your family

You're not physically active

You're overweight

You're 45 or older

You are more likely to have type 2 diabetes if :

You've had heart disease

You have high blood pressure.

Your triglyceride level is high

You've had diabetes during

pregnancy before

Causes of Type 2 diabetes

When the pancreas does not produce any insulin.

When the pancreas produces very little insulin.

When the body does not respond appropriately to insulin, a

condition called "insulin resistance."

Gestational Diabetes

A condition characterized by high blood sugar

(glucose) levels that is first recognized during

pregnancy, but it usually disappears when the

pregnancy is over.

Cause:

During pregnancy, an organ called the placenta makes several

hormones. Some of these hormones make it hard for insulin to do its

job which is controlling blood sugar, so the mother's body has to

make more insulin to keep sugar levels in a safe range.

Gestational diabetes develops when the organ that makes insulin

(the pancreas), cannot make enough insulin to keep blood sugar

levels within a target range.

High blood sugar during pregnancy can cause your baby to grow

very large. That can lead to complications during delivery. The baby

could be born with low blood sugar, yellowish skin and eyes

(jaundice), breathing trouble, and other problems.

Symptoms:

Sometimes, a pregnant woman has been living with

diabetes without knowing it. If you have symptoms from

diabetes, they may include:

• Increased thirst.

• Increased urination.

• Increased hunger.

• Blurred vision.

Summary questions:

1. Define the 3 types of diabetes

2. What are risk factors for type 1, type 2?

3. What are the causes of type 1, type 2 and Gestational diabetes?

4. What are the symptoms of type 1, type 2 and Gestational diabetes?