types of artificial intelligence & pioneers in the field by vernon crowder
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Types of Artificial Intelligence & Pioneers in the Field By Vernon Crowder](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f115503460f94c241c3/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Types of Artificial Intelligence & Pioneers in the Field
By Vernon Crowder
![Page 2: Types of Artificial Intelligence & Pioneers in the Field By Vernon Crowder](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f115503460f94c241c3/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Strong A.I.• John Searle coined the term
“Strong A.I.” in his article "Minds, Brains, and Programs (1980).“
• Searle says, “In strong AI, because the programmed computer has cognitive states, the programs are not mere tools that enable us to test psychological explanations; rather, the programs are themselves the explanations.“– http://www.ptproject.ilstu.edu
/STRONGAI.HTM
![Page 3: Types of Artificial Intelligence & Pioneers in the Field By Vernon Crowder](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f115503460f94c241c3/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Weak A.I.
• “Weak A.I.” are machines that fake human thought.
• An example of “Weak A.I.” would be “Deep Blue”. It calculates 60,000,000,000 moves in 3 minutes.– http://www.spectacle.org
/cs/bess2.html
![Page 4: Types of Artificial Intelligence & Pioneers in the Field By Vernon Crowder](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f115503460f94c241c3/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Fuzzy Logic• Fuzzy Logic is an attempt is
made to apply a more human-like way of thinking in the programming of computers.
• Fuzzy Logic has emerged as a a profitable tool for the controlling of subway systems and complex industrial processes, as well as for household and entertainment electronics.– http://www.flll.uni-
linz.ac.at/pdw/fuzzy/introduction.html
![Page 5: Types of Artificial Intelligence & Pioneers in the Field By Vernon Crowder](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f115503460f94c241c3/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Alan Turing• Turing believed that if a
machine, it could do all mathematical operations, it could also do anything a person can do.
• The Turing Test– A person communicates with a
computer through a terminal, and when the person is unable to decide whether he is talking to a computer or another person, the computer can safely be said to possess characteristics of intelligence.
• http://cgi.student.nada.kth.se/cgi-bin/d95-aeh/get/turing
![Page 6: Types of Artificial Intelligence & Pioneers in the Field By Vernon Crowder](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f115503460f94c241c3/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Marvin Minsky
• Minsky has been working on imparting the human capacity for commonsense reasoning to computers. He is also seen as one of the founders of the field of A.I.
• Minsky has made many contributions to AI.– http://web.media.mit.edu/
~minsky/
![Page 7: Types of Artificial Intelligence & Pioneers in the Field By Vernon Crowder](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f115503460f94c241c3/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Allen Newell• The fields of artificial
intelligence and cognitive science grew in part from his idea that computers could process symbols as well as numbers, and if programmed properly would be capable of solving problems in the same way humans do.– http://www.princeton.edu/
~hos/frs122/newellobit.html
![Page 8: Types of Artificial Intelligence & Pioneers in the Field By Vernon Crowder](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022083005/56649f115503460f94c241c3/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
John Searle• Searle says that it would
be possible (in principle) to code the human mind to a von Neumann computer which would give us a mental machine.– http://www.helsinki.fi/
hum/kognitiotiede/searle.html