types and effect of loads
TRANSCRIPT
DESIGN LOADS & STRUCTURAL
COMPONENTS
Unit-1
.The loading of a building structure can take on a wide variety of forms.
.Loads can usually be considered to be either Primary or Secondary.
DEAD LOADS
LIVE LOADS
WIND LOADS
SNOW LOADS
EARTH QUAKE LOADS
HYDROSTATIC & SOIL PRESSURE
IMPACT LOADS
1.1 Design Loads
1.2 SHEAR WALLS-Shear Wall Is A
Structural Element Used To Resist
Lateral/Horizontal/Shear Forces Parallal To The Plane Of The Wall By:
- Cantilever Action For Slender Walls Where
The Bending Deformation Is
Dominant Truss Action For
Squat/Short Walls Where The Shear Deformation Is
Dominant
A TYPICAL CADD DRAWING SHOWING SHEAR WALLS IN A BUILDING PLAN
Stresses for design should be calculated for the most sever combinations
of loads and forces. Four load combinations are generally considered important
for checking for adequacy of the bridge.
1.3 LOAD COMBINATION…..
S.No. Load Combination
Loads
1. Stresses due to normal loads
Dead load, live load, impact load andcentrifugal force
2. Stresses due to normal loads +occasional loads
Normal load as in (1) + wind load, other lateralloads, longitudinal forces and temperaturestresses
3. Stresses due to loads during erection
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4. Stresses due to normal loads +occasional loads + Extra-ordinary loadslike seismic excluding wind load
Loads as in (2) + with seismic load instead ofwind
Table:1Load combinations
1.4 FRAMED TUBES AS THE HEIGHT OF BUILDING
INCRESES (ABOVE THIRTY FLOORS) , THE EFFECT OF LATERAAR L LOADS BECOMES INCREASLY INTENSE. IN SUCH A SITUATION THE USE OF TUBE SYSTEM HAS BEEN FOUND ECONOMIAL.
SHEAR WALLS CAN BE MADE OF Rcc , STEEL, COMPOSITE, AND MASONRY.
FRAMED TUBE STRUCTURE
FRAMED TUBE
TRUSSED TUBE
TUBE IN TUBE
BUNDLED TUBE
Examples
WINGS MUSEUM(A PROTOTYPE)Tube in Tube
WORLD TRADE CENTERU.S.A.Framed Tube
WATER CUBECHINA Trussed Tube
WILLIS TOWERCHICAGOBundled Tube
It is the ratio between the height of the building & the width of the building.
1.5 ASPECT RATIO…..
1.6 OVERTURNING RESISITANCE
WHEN A BUILDING IS SUBJECTED TO A LATERAL LOAD ,IT DEVELOPS A OVERTUTRNING MOMENT ON BUILDING.TO RESIST THIS OVERTURNING MOMENT THERE IS A RESISTING MOMENT ON BUILDING TO OPPOSITE TO OVERTURNING MOMENT. SO THE BUILDING CANNOT OVERTURN DUE TO OVERTURNING.,
Overturning resistance developed in a house.