type charts

2007 The Enneagram Institute (Don Riso & Russ Hudson). All Rights Reserved. Traditional Enneagram terms: 2007Arica Institute (Oscar Ichazo). All Rights Reserved. 2007 Design concepts by Karen Jacke and Joyce Stenstrom.

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Type Charts for Therapists, Coaches & CounselorsOverview

The Enneagram is a geometric symbol that indicates the nine fundamental personality types of human nature and their complex interrelationships. Everyone is a mix of these fundamental types, although one type, in particular, is the home base or default position of the personality as a whole.

It is, of course, extremely helpful for therapists, coaches, and counselors of all kinds to have more precise insight into the psychological structures of their clients so that they can help their clients have more insight into themselves. The Enneagram helps clients increase their ability for self-observation and self-understandingskills that are essential both during sessions assisted by professionals, as well as when clients work on themselves on their own.

The Enneagram allows quicker access to key issues that are often at the heart of the confl icts and behavioral diffi culties which cause individuals to come into therapy and counseling. Of course, in order to do this, it is essential to know the clients personality type fi rstand we have a wide range of questionnaires which can give essential to know the clients personality type fi rstand we have a wide range of questionnaires which can give essential to know the clients personality type fi rst a diagnosis of type relatively quickly and accurately.* Once the clients type is assessed, this can help both the client and the therapist stay on track with the therapeutic process by illuminating the most important issues, strengths, blockages, liabilities, defenses, self-deceptions, motivations, and behaviors which either hold the client back, or which can be most helpful for the clients growth.

After the clients type has been discovered, it is also essential to know at which Level of Development the person is functioning. The Levels are a measure of the clients emotional health and ability to function with balance. The Levels indicate a persons openness and fl exibility, as well as their ability to deal with reality, and to stay present to themselves and others. In the average and lower Levels, there is more defensiveness, manipulation of self and others, disruptive behavior, and other factors which probably brought the client into counseling in the fi rst place. In the last analysis, the Levels are helpful because they reveal the motivations and attitudes that underlie the self-defeating behaviors and inner confl icts that are at the core of the clients problems.

Thus, the Enneagram allows the therapeutic or coaching process to be more precise and objective. It can help the counselor support the client with more clarity, compassion, type-specifi c practices, and practical strategies. In addition, the Enneagram gives both the client and the therapist a common language and context with which to approach the clients issues and needs. The Enneagram also often helps clients feel that they are not alone in their problemsthat others who share their type have almost certainly also experienced and overcome the same challenges.

The following Type Charts provide an enormous amount of information that will be helpful to the therapist or coach during a session. This information is intended as a useful guide to the key issues that may be surfacing at any given moment. These Type Charts are not exhaustive, but may help suggest directions in which the conversation may move, as well as provide specifi c information about the type that needs be taken into consideration. A Client Notes page is also provided for the use of the therapist as a handy place for notes and observations during sessions.

* The Riso-Hudson Enneagram Type Indicator (RHETI, Version 2.5) is a questionnaire of 144 paired statements in a forced-choice format. It has been independently validated and found to be reliable, favorably comparing with the NEO PI-R test; research on the RHETI is ongoing. The RHETI, the free RHETI Sampler, and other test instruments (listed on the last page of this Chart set) are available at www.EnneagramInstitute.com.

The Helper

98 1

7 2

6

5 4

3

The Peacemaker

The ReformerThe Challenger

The Achiever

The Individualist

The Enthusiast

The Loyalist

The Investigator

The Riso-Hudson Type Names


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Using the Type Charts (I)Every therapist, coach, or counselor will have their own ways of working with clients. However, they will fi nd that the Enneagram is a useful tool for getting past some of the normal ambiguities in the therapeutic situation and to cut to the chase more quickly and with more confi dence. The following are specifi c suggestions about using the Type Charts to probe the themes that the client is presenting and to open fresh lines of inquiry and insight.

Of course, it will help counselors, therapists, and coaches if they already have some understanding of the Enneagram. However, these Type Charts can still be helpful to those who are not yet familiar with the Enneagram since the Type Chartsnot only point out features of the clients personality which a professional will observe, but will also indicate deeper features and patterns which may not be as obvious. Each client is more than their personality typeand each personality type consists of much more than the features that are given on these Type Chartsyet they are a valuable place to begin.

General Considerations

Consider providing your client with a copy of the Type Chart of their own type. By reviewing the Type Chart of their own type. By reviewing the Type Chart Type Chartcorresponding to their Enneagram type, a client will likely resonate with several issues that are particularly important to them during a given session. Between sessions, the Type Chart will provide a client with new areas Type Chart will provide a client with new areas Type Chartfor self-observation and awareness as they move from their habitual illusions about themselves to seeing their actual behaviors more clearly. (See the Excavation and Recovery of the True Self section in The Wisdom of the Enneagram, pages 371-377.)

In any one session, consider using the Type Charts to help explore important issues more fully rather than attempt to go through all of the information presented here. For example, if a sessions counseling is around certain childhood all of the information presented here. For example, if a sessions counseling is around certain childhood allexperiencesit would be particularly helpful to focus on the Lost Childhood Message and the Unconscious Childhood Message, and so forth.

Consider using the Type Charts for your own self-understanding and to minimize counter-transference.

Consider using the Type Charts with additional RH resources, such as The Enneagram Cards.

Part A. Basic Personality Elements

This section has to do with the basic building blocks of the personality: the Centers, which indicate what kind of energy is primarily distorted in the person (thinking, feeling, or instinctive energy); the Passions and Fixations*, which defi ne the personality and keep it in place; and the Hornevian and Harmonic Groups, which indicate signifi cant ways that the person deals with reality and relationships.

The Centers (where the type and chief imbalance lies) Help the client discriminate between what they think (Thinking Center), what theythink (Thinking Center), what theythink feel (Feeling feel (Feeling feelCenter), and what they sense (Instinctive Center) about the issue being considered. What is their relationship to their dominant Center with regard to the issue under considerationthat is, are they over-identifying with, over-controlling, or blocking direct experiences in their dominant Center? (See Wisdom, pages 49-59 for more information.)

The Hornevian Group (how a person goes after what they want)how a person goes after what they want)how a person goes after what they wantFor the issue being considered, ask the client how their particular Hornevian approach is being used as a strategy. Relative to the three major Hornevian strategiesWithdrawn, Assertive, and Dutifulis their strategy being over-played while another is neglected? What would a more Dutifulis their strategy being over-played while another is neglected? What would a more Dutifulbalanced approach look like? (See Wisdom, pages 59-61 for more information.)

The Harmonic Group (how a person deals with confl ict)how a person deals with confl ict)how a person deals with confl ictAsk the client how they are using their particular Harmonic strategy. Relative to the three basic Harmonic strategiesusing Positive Outlook (optimism), Competency (rationality), or Intensity (strong response)is their strategy being over-played while another is neglected? What would a more balanced approach look like? (See Wisdom, pages 64-68 for more information.)

* Passion and Fixation are the traditional Enneagram terms by Oscar Ichazo for the core emotional and mental distortions respectively.

PositiveOutlook

Intensity Competency

Withdrawn

DutifulAssertive

Instinctive

Thinking Feeling


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Part B. Increasing Identifi cation with Personality Issues

This section deals with a number of personality features, all of which are important, but only some of which may come up in any given therapeutic session. Of particular interest and usefulness are the Basic Fear and Basic Desire since they are the roots of the motivations and behaviors of each type. Also of extreme importance is the superego message of the type since the degree of aggression and irrationality in the superego is often what drives the person into more misguided and self-destructive behaviors. Some suggestions for using this material:

Ask how their type-specifi c Key Motivations manifest in their lives generally and for the current issue.

Does the client relate to the Superego Message of their type? How? Read the Contradiction and discuss the illogical, no-win nature of their Superego Messages.

Read (or have the client read) the Excuse for their type. How is it indeed operating in their life? That is, are they waiting for impossible conditions to occur before they fully engage with life?

Part C. Levels of Development

This section has to do with the specifi c attitudes and behaviors that are found at each of the distinct nine Levels of Development that are the internal, logical structure of the personality itself. The personality starts out with a Basic Fear and reacts to that with a Basic Desire which creates an identity to cope with the anxiety that is produced by these intra-psychic forces. The person then behaves in the world and with other people in such a way so as to reinforce this personality identity.

For example, if you see your client being orderly, rigid, brusque, For example, if you see your client being orderly, rigid, brusque, For example, ifself-controlled, self-critical, dry, and perfectionistic,* this is a strong indication that the person is not only a Type One, but is operating at Level 5. Any of these behaviors would give a professional coach, therapist, or counselor, a great deal of material to work with their client.

These Type Charts are too brief to include the full set of the Levels of Development; however, you can fi nd all of this information in Personality Types, in The Wisdom of the Enneagram, and on our website. We highly recommend that professionals who wish to use the Enneagram with clients familiarize themselves with the Levels of Development since the Levels will provide the therapist, coach, or counselor with a vast amount of information and insight into the state that the person is in at the current time, as well as suggesting healthier ways of being.

As you are working with your client, consider these questions:

Based on the descriptive terms for each Level, what have been your highest and lowest Levels (your bandwidth) relative to the issue being explored? Describe how these terms specifi cally relate to you.

Based on the same descriptors, at what Level are you typically operating? That is, where is your center-of-gravity?

Have you noticed an overall change in your Level relative to this issue? That is, do you seem to be relating to this issue in a more expansive and allowing way, or do your responses seem to be more contracted and reactive?

What corresponds to fl uctuations of Level? That is, what seems to correspond with being at (or moving towards) a higher Level and what seems to correspond with being at (or moving towards) a lower Level?

What could the client pay particular attention to in the near term?

* Many more descriptive terms for each type at each Level may be found on the EI website, EnneagramInstitute.com, in the Enneagram Charts (available as a download or hardcopy), and in the RH Enneagram books.

** For more about the fl uctuations between the Levels, see Wisdom, pages 77-80.

Using the Type Charts (II)

Spiraling uptowards increasing growthand integration

Spiraling downtowards stress anddisintegration

Orientation

Fluctuation Between Levels**

Person APerson A

Person BPerson B


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Using the Type Charts (III)

Part D. Increasing Presence and Flexibility

This section has to do with fi nding ways to help the client become more healthyin essence to move up the Levels of their type. As experienced therapists, counselors, and coaches know, it is impossible to make anyone change old habits or to adopt more positive and constructive attitudes and behaviors. However, the RH Enneagram (with its comprehensive view of the personality which allows for a greater depth of understanding and compassion) makes it easier for professionals to help their clients see their actual state in any given moment. Liberation from problems and suffering comes in direct proportion to the clarity and precision with which we see ourselves. Liberation does not come from efforting and techniques.

This section, as well as materials from our various books and website can inspire the professional with type-specifi c ways of understanding and letting go of past diffi culties and self-defeating behaviors.

Relative to the present, ask the client

....to refl ect on where they are now, in this moment (happy, sad, agitated, blank, angry, distracted, grateful, and so forth).

...what they feel in their body and where they feel it (tight, numb, relaxed, constricted, painful, fl uid, and so forth).

...to gently probe their thoughts and to stay with them and to see where their thoughts take them. Encourage them to ask questions of themselves to be curious and not to edit or defend themselves, or be ashamed of whatever they fi nd. Encourage not having any preconceived notions of where their inquiry will take them: it is okay to be with anything or nothing at all, just to be curious about this state and see what it reveals to them.

...how their state changes during the process of inquiring.

Relative to the past, ask the client

...to refl ect on the times in their lives when they seemed to be operating at a higher Level. What did these experiences of greater presence and fl exibility feel like?

...when they experienced healthy behaviors of the type in their Direction of Growth (Integration).

...when they experienced behaviors of the type in their Direction of Stress (Disintegration).

...when they had been open to the truth of their experience as it was happening. What conditionsboth internal and externalwere present at this time?

...when they had been closed to the truth of their experience as it was happening. What conditionsboth internal and externalwere present at this time?

Relative to the future, ask the client

What would support your ability to move in your Direction of Growth (Integration)?

What do you most need to pay attention to? (Ask them to be specifi c!)

What Level descriptors of your type will you pay particular attention to this week?

What do you want to be more aware of from the healthy range of your type?

What do you want to be more aware of in your Direction of Growth (Integration)?

2007 The Enneagram Institute (Don Riso & Russ Hudson). All Rights Reserved. *Traditional Enneagram terms: 2007Arica Institute (Oscar Ichazo). All Rights Reserved. 2007 Design concepts by Karen Jacke and Joyce Stenstrom.

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A. Basic Personality ElementsCenter of Intelligence Instinctive

Passion* Resentment (traditional term: Anger)

Fixation* Judging (traditional term: Resentment)

Hornevian Group Dutiful / Compliant

Harmonic Group Competency

B. Increasing Identifi cation with Personality IssuesLost Childhood Message

You are good.

Unconscious Childhood Message

Its not okay to make mistakes.

Basic Fear Of being bad, imbalanced, defective, corrupt

Basic Desire To be good, to have integrity, to be balanced

Secondary Fear That my subjective feelings and impulses will lead me astray

Key Motivations(Desires)

To be rightTo have integrityTo strive higher and improve othersTo be consis-tent with my idealsTo be beyond criticism so as not to be condemned by anyone

Superego Message:You are good or okay if you do what is right.

Contradiction:Sounds reasonable, but how do I know what is right? Who says so? Is my set of standards objective or subjective? Where did these ideas come from? I struggle to be good, but I am never good enough by my own standards.

Main Temptation An extreme sense of personal moral obligation

Excuse...I will become present to my life only when...

...I have attained complete balance and integrity, make no mistakes, and have everything in my world sensibly organized. When I have achieved perfection, then Ill show up.

Direction of Stress(Disintegration)

To Type Four

At Level 4, I desire to be free of the burden of my responsibilities.

At Level 5, I tire of the pressure to meet my ideals, become moody and temperamental.

At Level 6, I become self indulgent, allowing myself perks and pleasures to escape strains.

C. Levels of Development (pages in Personality Types)1. Liberation The Wise Realist (385-86)The Wise Realist (385-86)The Wise Realist

2. Psychological Capacity The Reasonable Person (387-88)

3. Social Value The Principled Teacher (388-90)The Principled Teacher (388-90)The Principled Teacher

Wake-up Call Feeling a sense of obligation to fi x everything myself

4. Imbalance The Idealistic Reformer (390-92)The Idealistic Reformer (390-92)The Idealistic Reformer

Social Role The Educator

5. Interpersonal Control The Orderly Person (392-94)

Manipulatesothers by

Correcting othersinsisting that others share my standards

6. Overcompensation The Judgmental Perfectionist (394-97)

Leaden Rule: Do untoothers what you most fear

being done unto you.

Pointing out evil, corruption, and defectiveness in others

Red Flag Fear That my ideals are actually wrong and are counterproductive

7. Violation / Addiction The Intolerant Misanthrope (397-99)

8. Delusion / Compulsion The Obsessive Hypocrite (399-401)

9. Pathological Destructiveness

The Punitive Avenger (401-02)The Punitive Avenger (401-02)The Punitive Avenger

D. Increasing Presence and FlexibilitySaving Grace I am objective and sensible.

Healing Attitude Maybe others are right. Maybe someone else has a better idea. Maybe others will learn for themselves. Maybe Ive done all that can be done.

Recognition for Growth

Recognizing my anger-based tension

SpiritualJump Start

To notice when I am value-judging, condemning myself and others

Direction of Growth(Integration)

To Type SevenI relax and learn to take delight in life. I discover that life is not always grim and serious: happiness is a legitimate response to existence. A great burden is lifted from me, the burden of unnecessary perfection.

Invitation to Abundance

To live for a higher purposeremembering that it is my true nature to be wise, discerning, and patient.

For more recommendations and practices for Type One, see: Riso and Hudson: The Wisdom of the Enneagram, pages 118-119 and Understanding the Enneagram, pages 352-354

See also: www.EnneagramInstitute.com for additional information regardingRelationships and Type Compatibilities Health, Addictions & Type Misidentifi cations The RHETI Enneagram testRHETI Enneagram testRHETI

Type Charts for Therapists, Coaches & CounselorsThe Reformer

PrincipledSelf-ControlledPurposefulPerfectionistic


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A. Basic Personality ElementsCenter of Intelligence Feeling

Passion* Pride (traditional term: Pride)

Fixation* Ingratiation (traditional term: Flattery)


Harmonic Group Positive Outlook


You are wanted.


Its not okay to have your own needs.

Basic Fear Of being unloved

Basic Desire To feel love

Secondary Fear That my own needs and negative feelings will harm my relationships


To be lovedTo express my feelings for othersTo be needed and appreciatedTo get others to respond to meTo vindicate my claims about myself

Superego Message:You are good or okay if you are loved by others and are close to them.

Contradiction:Why does my value depend on someone loving me, and how do I know if they do? Even if they dont, what has that got to do with me? I struggle to get closer to others but still feel unloved.

Main Temptation I am without needs and am well-intentioned


...I am loved unconditionally by others and feel their love. When others totally appreciate my affection and sacrifi ces and meet all of my emotional needs, then Ill show up.


To Type EightAt Level 4, I can be shrewdin marked contrast to sweetness.

At Level 5, I want to be needed and try to make myself indispensable.

At Level 6, I become more fl agrantly aggressive and controlling. I may use threats to exert control.

C. Levels of Development (pages in Personality Types)1. Liberation The Disinterested Altruist (67-68)The Disinterested Altruist (67-68)The Disinterested Altruist

2. Psychological Capacity The Caring Person (69-70)

3. Social Value The Nurturing Helper (70-71)The Nurturing Helper (70-71)The Nurturing Helper

Wake-up Call Believing that I must go out to others to win them over

4. Imbalance The Effusive Friend (72-74)The Effusive Friend (72-74)The Effusive Friend

Social Role Special Friend

5. Interpersonal Control The Possessive Intimate (74-78)


Finding others needs and creating dependencies

6. Overcompensation The Self-Important Saint (78-80)



Making others feel unworthy of my love, generosity, and attention

Overcompensation Needing to be needed

Red Flag Fear That I am driving friends and loved ones away

7. Violation / Addiction Self-Deceptive Manipulator (81-83)

8. Delusion / Compulsion The Coercive Dominator (83-85)


The Psychosomatic Victim (85-87)

D. Increasing Presence and FlexibilitySaving Grace I have genuine empathy.

Healing Attitude Maybe I could let someone else do this. Maybe this person is actually already showing me love in their own way. Maybe I could do something good for myself, too.


To recognize my true feelings about myself and others

SpiritualJump Start

To notice when I am giving value away to others


To Type FourI get in touch with my feelings, especially my aggressive ones. I become aware of myself as I really am. I unconditionally accept myself. I may harness my feelings into creative acts.


To nurture myself and othersremembering to be good to myself and have goodwill to others.

For more recommendations and practices for Type Two, see: Riso and Hudson: The Wisdom of the Enneagram, pages 145-146 and Understanding the Enneagram, pages 332-334


The HelperCaringDemonstrative

People-PleasingPossessivePeople-PleasingPossessiveType Charts for Therapists, Coaches & Counselors


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Passion* Vanity (traditional term: Deceit)

Fixation* Deceit (traditional term: Vanity)

Hornevian Group Assertive



You are loved for yourself.


Its not okay to have your own feelings and identity.

Basic Fear Of being worthless

Basic Desire To feel valuable

Secondary Fear That others will reject me or be disappointed by me


To feel valuable and worthwhileTo be affi rmedTo distinguish myselfTo have attentionTo be admiredTo impress others

Superego Message:You are good or okay if you are successful and others think well of you.

Contradiction:What makes me think that a particular ac-tivity makes me valuable? Why do I have to do something to feel valuable? How much do I have to accomplish to be worthwhile? I have achieved a lot but feel empty inside.

Main Temptation To constantly push myself to be the best


...I have accomplished enough to feel successful and worthwhile. When I have all the admiration and attention I want and feel completely outstanding, then Ill show up.


To Type Nine

At Level 4, I become conciliatory regarding competitiveness.

At Level 5, I become strangely unresponsive and unfocused.

At Level 6, my underlying self-doubt breaks through. I am suddenly apathetic and aim-less and fantasize about my next success.

C. Levels of Development (pages in Personality Types)1. Liberation The Authentic Person (103-105)

2. Psychological Capacity The Self-Assured Person (105-107)

3. Social Value The Outstanding Paragon (107-109)

Wake-up Call Driving myself constantly for status and attention

4. Imbalance Competitive Status Seeker (109-111)Competitive Status Seeker (109-111)Competitive Status Seeker

Social Role The Best

5. Interpersonal Control The Image-Conscious Pragmatist (111-115)


Charming othersadopting what-ever image will work

6. Overcompensation The Self-Promoting Narcissist (115119)



Making others feel valueless by treating them arrogantly or with contempt

Overcompensation Workaholism

Red Flag Fear That I am failing, that my claims are empty and fraudulent

7. Violation / Addiction The Dishonest Opportunist (119-121)

8. Delusion / Compulsion The Malicious Deceiver (121-122)

9. Path. Destructiveness The Vindictive Psychopath (122-125)

D. Increasing Presence and FlexibilitySaving Grace My desire to be accepted.

Healing Attitude Maybe I dont have to be the best. Maybe people will accept me just the way I am. Maybe others opinions of me arent so important.


Recognizing my feelings of emptiness and self-rejection

SpiritualJump Start

To notice when I am trying to be other than who I authentically am


To Type SixI become committed to something or someone outside of myself, realizing that my value is not diminished by being part of something greater than me. I allow others to see my real feelings.


To develop myself and set an example for othersremembering to take pleasure in my existence and to esteem and value others.

For more recommendations and practices for Type Three, see: Riso and Hudson: The Wisdom of the Enneagram, pages 171-172 and Understanding the Enneagram, pages 334-336


The AchieverAdaptableExcelling

DrivenImage-ConsciousType Charts for Therapists, Coaches & Counselors


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Passion* Envy (traditional term: Envy)

Fixation* Fantasizing (trad. term: Melancholy)

Hornevian Group Withdrawn

Harmonic Group Intensity / Reactive


You are seen for who you are.


Its not okay to be too functional or too happy.

Basic Fear Of having no identity or signifi cance

Basic Desire To be myself

Secondary Fear Of losing touch with my inner states, my sense of self


To be myselfTo express myself in some-thing beautifulTo withdraw to protect my feelingsTo take care of my emotional needs before attending to anything else

Superego Message:You are good or okay if you are true to yourself.

Contradiction:What does it mean to be true to myself? What is this self that some other part is being true to? Does is mean holding on to old reactions and feelings? I try so hard to be unique that I cut off many of lifes options.

Main Temptation To overuse imagination in search of self


...I have completely resolved all of my emotional issues and have found my true signifi cance. When I am completely free to express all of my feelings with everyone whenever I want, then Ill show up.


To Type Two

At Level 4, I want to be reassured that relationships are working.

At Level 5, I become clingy and possessive of people, fi nding ways to be needed.

At Level 6, fear of abandonment causes me to exaggerate my importance in others lives.

D. Increasing Presence and FlexibilitySaving Grace I have self-awareness.

Healing Attitude Maybe theres nothing wrong with me. Maybe others do understand me and are supporting me. Maybe Im not the only one who feels this way.


Recognizing my authentic positive qualities

SpiritualJump Start

To notice when I am making negative comparisons


To Type OneI actualize myself by focusing upon some-thing objective, something beyond my feelings and my imaginations. I move from self-absorption to principled action.


To let go of the past and be renewed by my experiencesremembering to be forgiving, to use everything in my life for growth and renewal.

For more recommendations and practices for Type Four, see: Riso and Hudson: The Wisdom of the Enneagram, pages 200-201 and Understanding the Enneagram, pages 337-339


The IndividualistSensitiveIntrospective

ExpressiveSelf-Absorbed

C. Levels of Development (pages in Personality Types)1. Liberation The Inspired Creator (143-145)The Inspired Creator (143-145)The Inspired Creator

2. Psychological Capacity The Self-Aware Intuitive (145-147)

3. Social Value Self-Revealing Individual (147-149)Self-Revealing Individual (147-149)Self-Revealing Individual

Wake-up Call Holding onto and intensifying feelings through my imagination

4. Imbalance The Imaginative Aesthetic (149-152)The Imaginative Aesthetic (149-152)The Imaginative Aesthetic

Social Role The Special Case

5. Interpersonal Control The Self-Absorbed Romantic (152-156)


Being temperamentalmaking others walk on eggshells

6. Overcompensation The Self-Indulgent Exception (156159)



Treating others disdainfully, as if others were nobodies and had no value

Overcompensation Self-indulgence

Red Flag Fear That I am ruining my life and wasting my opportunities

7. Violation / Addiction The Alienated Depressive (159-161)

8. Delusion / Compulsion The Emotionally Tormented Person (161-162)

9. Path. Destructiveness The Self-Destructive Person (162-163)The Self-Destructive Person (162-163)The Self-Destructive Person

Type Charts for Therapists, Coaches & Counselors


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A. Basic Personality ElementsCenter of Intelligence Thinking

Passion* Avarice (traditional term: Avarice)

Fixation* Retention (trad. term: Stinginess)




Your needs are not a problem.


Its not okay to be comfortable in the world.

Basic Fear Of being overwhelmed, helpless, incompetent, and incapable

Basic Desire To be capable and competent

Secondary Fear That my perceptions are insuffi cient to give me correct orientation


To be capable and competentTo master a body of knowledge and skillTo explore realityTo remain undisturbed by others To reduce my needs

Superego Message:You are good or okay if you have thoroughly mastered something.

Contradiction:How do I know when I have fully mastered something? When am I fi nished? How does what I am mastering relate to the real needs in my life? I work on a subject or skill for many years and still lack self-confi dence.

Main Temptation To replace direct experience with concepts


...I feel completely confi dent and capable of dealing with the world. When I have completely understood and mastered every-thing I might need to know in life, then Ill show up.


To Type Seven

At Level 4, I desire variety; I develop a restlessness of mind.

At Level 5, I begin involvement with a wide variety of experiences and distractions.

At Level 6, I can be antagonistic and pro-vocative, impatient with people, hardened in views.

D. Increasing Presence and FlexibilitySaving Grace I have awareness of my own distortions.

Healing Attitude Maybe I can trust people and let them know what I need. Maybe I can live happily in the world. Maybe my future will be okay.


Recognizing my physical presence, feelings, and needs

SpiritualJump Start

To notice when I am over-interpreting my experience


To Type EightI realize that I do not have to know absolutely everything before I can act. I understand that I will be able to solve problems as they arise. My confi dence comes from connection to the world.


To observe myself and others without judgment or expectationsremembering to be engaged with reality, contemplating the worlds riches.

For more recommendations and practices for Type Five, see: Riso and Hudson: The Wisdom of the Enneagram, pages 227-228 and Understanding the Enneagram, pages 339-341


The InvestigatorCerebralPerceptive InnovativeIsolated

C. Levels of Development (pages in Personality Types)1. Liberation The Pioneering Visionary (180-182)

2. Psychological Capacity The Perceptive Observer (182-184)The Perceptive Observer (182-184)The Perceptive Observer

3. Social Value The Focused Innovator (184-186)The Focused Innovator (184-186)The Focused Innovator

Wake-up Call Withdrawing from reality into concepts and mental worlds

4. Imbalance The Studious Expert (186-189)The Studious Expert (186-189)The Studious Expert

Social Role The Expert

5. Interpersonal Control The Intense Conceptualizer (189-195)


Preoccupationdetaching emotionally from others

6. Overcompensation The Provocative Cynic (195-198)



Making others feel helpless,incompetent, stupid, and incapable

Overcompensation Useless specialization

Red Flag Fear That I am never going to fi nd a place in the world or with people

7. Violation / Addiction The Isolated Nihilist (198-201)

8. Delusion / Compulsion The Terrifi ed Alien (201-203)


The Imploding Schizoid (204-206)



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Passion* Anxiety (traditional term: Fear)

Fixation* Worrying (traditional term: Cowardice)




You are safe.


Its not okay to trust yourself.

Basic Fear Of being without support and guidance

Basic Desire To have security and support

Secondary Fear Of losing my security, my feeling of belonging


To have securityTo feel supportedTo have the approval of othersTo test the attitudes of others toward meTo defend my beliefs

Superego Message:You are good or okay if you cover all the bases and do what is expected of you.

Contradiction:How can I cover all the bases? Is all my scurrying around and worry really making me feel more secure? Is doing whats expected of me really meaningful to me? I struggle to build up situations that I can feel secure in, but I still feel anxious and fearful.

Main Temptation Cycles of indecisionseeking others for reassurance


...I have enough support to feel completely secure and stable. When I have every area of my life handled and nothing can take me by surprise, then Ill show up.


To Type Three

At Level 4, I desire that others see my value and capability.

At Level 5, I turn on the charm, becoming friendly or professional as needed.

At Level 6, I put people on notice that I am not be trifl ed with. I am hostile at others lack of appreciation.

C. Levels of Development (pages in Personality Types)1. Liberation The Valiant Hero (226-228)

2. Psychological Capacity The Engaging Friend (228-230)The Engaging Friend (228-230)The Engaging Friend

3. Social Value The Committed Worker (230-232)The Committed Worker (230-232)The Committed Worker

Wake-up Call Depending on something outside of myself for guidance

4. Imbalance The Dutiful Loyalist (232-235)The Dutiful Loyalist (232-235)The Dutiful Loyalist

Social Role The Stalwart

5. Interpersonal Control The Ambivalent Pessimist (235-239)


Complaining, testing others commitment to me

6. Overcompensation The Authoritarian Rebel (239-243)



Undermining the support system of others, trying to isolate them

Overcompensation Attachment to beliefs

Red Flag Fear That my own actions have harmed my security

7. Violation / Addiction The Overreacting Dependent (243-246)

8. Delusion / Compulsion The Paranoid Hysteric (246-248)


The Self-Defeating Masochist(248-250)

D. Increasing Presence and FlexibilitySaving Grace I have an ability to maintain relationships.

Healing Attitude Maybe this will work out fi ne. Maybe I dont have to foresee every possible problem. Maybe I can trust myself and my own judgments.


Recognizing support and my own inner guidance

SpiritualJump Start

To notice when I am becoming dependent on something external for support


To Type NineI resolve my ambivalence and my anxiety about myself and others. I become more emotionally open, receptive, and sym-pathetic toward people. I become more independent, yet closer to others.


To have faith in myself and trust in the goodness of liferemembering to be courageous and capable of dealing with life under all conditions.

For more recommendations and practices for Type Six, see: Riso and Hudson: The Wisdom of the Enneagram, pages 253-255 and Understanding the Enneagram, pages 341-344


The LoyalistCommittedResponsible

AnxiousSuspiciousType Charts for Therapists, Coaches & Counselors


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Passion* Gluttony (traditional term: Gluttony)

Fixation* Anticipation (traditional term: Planning)




You will be taken care of.


Its not okay to depend on anyone for anything.

Basic Fear Of being trapped in pain and deprivation

Basic Desire To be satisfi ed and content

Secondary Fear That my freedom and happiness will be lost; my needs will not be met


To be happy and satisfi edTo have a wide variety of experiencesTo keep my options openTo enjoy life and amuse myselfTo escape anxiety

Superego Message:You are good or okay if you feel good and are getting what you want.

Contradiction:Can I distinguish a need from a want? Would I still be okay if a particular need were not met? If so, is it really a need? I pursue the things I believe will bring me satisfaction, but I still feel dissatisfi ed and frustrated.

Main Temptation To think that fulfi llment is somewhere else


...I am totally happy and fulfi lled and certain that Ive found what Im supposed to be doing with my life. When I feel com-pletely satisfi ed, then Ill show up.


To Type OneAt Level 4, I like to educate others about my experiences.

At Level 5, I can become brusque, imper-sonal, and impatient.

At Level 6, I can become highly critical, sar-castic, and scolding. I may become perfec-tionistic about my environment.

D. Increasing Presence and FlexibilitySaving Grace I have enthusiasm for things I love.

Healing Attitude Maybe what I already have is enough. Maybe theres nowhere else I need to be right now. Maybe Im not missing out on anything worthwhile.


Recognizing personal pain and anxiety

SpiritualJump Start

To notice when I am anticipating what I am going to do next


To Type FiveI become involved with things in depth. My focus of attention shifts from myself to the world. I come to understand that the world exists for purposes other than my gratifi cation.


To joyously celebrate existence and share my happinessremembering to add to the richness of experience for everyone.

For more recommendations and practices for Type Seven, see: Riso and Hudson: The Wisdom of the Enneagram, pages 281-283 and Understanding the Enneagram, pages 344-346


The EnthusiastVariety-SeekingVersatile

AcquisitiveScattered

C. Levels of Development (pages in Personality Types)1. Liberation The Ecstatic Appreciator (267-268)The Ecstatic Appreciator (267-268)The Ecstatic Appreciator

2. Psychological Capacity The Free-Spirited Optimist (268-70)The Free-Spirited Optimist (268-70)The Free-Spirited Optimist

3. Social Value The Accomplished Generalist(270-272)

Wake-up Call Feeling that something better is available elsewhere

4. Imbalance The Experienced Sophisticate(272-275)

Social Role The Energizer

5. Interpersonal Control The Hyperactive Extrovert (275-279)


Distracting others in order to keep anxieties away

6. Overcompensation The Excessive Hedonist (279-282)



Causing pain and making others feel deprived in various ways

Overcompensation Excessive Hedonist

Red Flag Fear That my activities are bringing me pain and unhappiness

7. Violation / Addiction The Impulsive Escapist (282-285)

8. Delusion / Compulsion The Manic Compulsive (285-286)


The Panic-Stricken Hysteric (286-288)



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Passion* Objectifi cation (trad. term: Vengeance)

Fixation* Forcefulness (traditional term: Lust)




You will not be betrayed.


Its not okay to be vulnerable or to trust anyone.

Basic Fear Of being harmed, controlled, and violated

Basic Desire To protect myself

Secondary Fear Of becoming weak or vulnerable, of losing my independence


To be self-reliantTo resist my weaknessTo have an impact on the environmentTo assert myselfTo stay in controlTo prevail over othersTo be invincible

Superego Message:You are good or okay as long as you are strong and in control of the situation.

Contradiction:When do I know that I am strong and pro-tected? How much control do I need? Is my drive for control really enhancing my sense of well-being? I pursue more and more control but still dont feel safe.

Main Temptation To think that I am completely self-suffi cient


...I am totally independent and do not have to rely on anyone for anything. When I feel completely in control of everything and my will is never challenged, then Ill show up.


To Type Five

At Level 4, I retreat and start to gather information.

At Level 5, I retreat further from othersI become lost in projects, detached, and secretive.

At Level 6, I have a tendency to provoke others. My contempt for human weakness is exacerbated by intellectual arrogance.

D. Increasing Presence and FlexibilitySaving Grace I know that confrontations threaten my

survival.

Healing Attitude Maybe this person isnt out to take ad-vantage of me. Maybe I can let down my guard a little more. Maybe I could let my heart be touched more deeply.


Recognizing my own vulnerability and need for nurturing

SpiritualJump Start

To notice when I am trying to force things or control life


To Type TwoI learn to use whatever power I have to nurture others as individuals. I identify with, rather than against, others. Ulti-mately, I see myself as a servant to others. I extend myself by love.


To remember that my strength brings responsibilities toward others and must be used with compassion and humility.

For more recommendations and practices for Type Eight, see: Riso and Hudson: The Wisdom of the Enneagram, pages 308-309 and Understanding the Enneagram, pages 346-349


The ChallengerDominatingDecisive

Self-Confi dentWillful

C. Levels of Development (pages in Personality Types)1. Liberation The Magnanimous Heart (306308)The Magnanimous Heart (306308)The Magnanimous Heart

2. Psychological Capacity The Self-Confi dent Person (308-309)

3. Social Value The Constructive Leader (309-311)The Constructive Leader (309-311)The Constructive Leader

Wake-up Call Feeling that I must push and struggle to make things happen

4. Imbalance Enterprising Adventurer (312-315)Enterprising Adventurer (312-315)Enterprising Adventurer

Social Role The Rock

5. Interpersonal Control The Dominating Power Broker (315-319)


Making big promises, bluffi ng and throwing my weight around. Domi-nating othersdemanding others do as I say

6. Overcompensation Confrontational Adversary (319-322)



Making others fear that they will be harmed or controlled by my threats

Overcompensation Constant fi ghting

Red Flag Fear That others are turning against me and will retaliate

7. Violation / Addiction The Ruthless Outlaw (323-325)

8. Delusion / Compulsion The Omnipotent Megalomaniac (326-327)

9. Path. Destructiveness The Violent Destroyer (327-328)



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Passion* Disengagement (traditional term: Sloth)

Fixation* Daydreaming (trad. term: Indolence)




Your presence matters.


Its not okay to assert yourself.

Basic Fear Of loss, separation, and fragmentation

Basic Desire Peace of mind and wholeness

Secondary Fear Of losing my peace of mind, of having any tension with others


To have serenity and peace of mindTo create harmony in my environmentTo preserve things as they areTo avoid confl ictsTo escape upsetting problems

Superego Message:You are good or okay if you are at peace and others are at peace.

Contradiction:

How can I be assured that everyone is really okay? How do I know that they are okay? Why is my well-being dependent on the prior well-being and happiness of others? The impossibility of this task leads me to tune out problems.

Main Temptation To avoid confl icts and self-assertion


...I am completely at peace and without confl icts or problems. When nothing in the world bothers or upsets me, and everyone in my world is happy and at peace, then Ill show up.


To Type Six

At Level 4, I engage in intense activities to increase security.

At Level 5, I use passive-aggressive tactics to assert my own needs.

At Level 6, I entrench myself in comforting routines to keep anxieties and the world at bay. I have belligerent reactions and a siege mentality.

D. Increasing Presence and FlexibilitySaving Grace I am receptive to change because I value

relationships.

Healing Attitude Maybe I can make a difference. Maybe I need to get energized and be involved. Maybe I am more powerful than I realize.


Recognizing my own strength and capacity

SpiritualJump Start

To notice when I am resisting being affected by experiences


To Type ThreeI connect with my vitality. I become inter-ested in developing myself and my talents to the fullest extent possible. I become more fl exible and adaptable, entirely capable of dealing with reality.


To actively engage myself in the struggle to create real peace in the world,remembering that my participation in life is necessary and vital.

For more recommendations and practices for Type Nine see: Riso and Hudson: The Wisdom of the Enneagram, pages 335-336 and Understanding the Enneagram, pages 349-351


The PeacemakerEasygoingSelf-EffacingAgreeableComplacent

C. Levels of Development (pages in Personality Types)1. Liberation The Self-Possessed Guide (347-348)

2. Psychological Capacity The Receptive Person (349-351)

3. Social Value The Supportive Peacemaker (351-353)The Supportive Peacemaker (351-353)The Supportive Peacemaker

Wake-up Call Accommodating myself to others, always saying yes

4. Imbalance The Accommodating Role-Player(353-355)

Social Role Nobody Special

5. Interpersonal Control The Disengaged Participant (355-359)


Tuning others out passive-aggres-sively, getting others to buy into being complacent and letting things go

6. Overcompensation Resigned Fatalist (359-362)



Making others feel that they have lost connection by tuning them out

Overcompensation Stubborn neglectfulness

Red Flag Fear That I will be forced by reality to deal with my problems

7. Violation / Addiction The Denying Doormat (362-364)

8. Delusion / Compulsion Dissociating Automaton (364-365)

9. Path. Destructiveness The Self-Abandoning Ghost (365-366)The Self-Abandoning Ghost (365-366)The Self-Abandoning Ghost



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Client InformationName Date Visit Number

Type Wing Center Hornevian Harmonic

Key Issues

Levels of Development (Center of Gravity / Range)

Triadics

TypeCenter of

IntelligenceHornevian Harmonic For more information

The CentersThe Wisdom of the Enneagram (49-59)Discover Your Personality Type, 2003 ed. (67-74)Personality Types, 1996 ed. (28-30)Understanding the Enneagram, 2000 ed. (22-25, 247-283)www.EnneagramInstitute.com (How the System Works)

The HorneviansThe Wisdom of the Enneagram (59-63)Personality Types, 1996 ed. (433-436)

The HarmonicsThe Wisdom of the Enneagram (64-68)

One Instinctive Dutiful Competency

Two Feeling Dutiful Positive Outlook

Three Feeling Assertive Competency

Four Feeling Withdrawn Intensity

Five Thinking Withdrawn Competency

Six Thinking Dutiful Intensity

Seven Thinking Assertive Positive Outlook

Eight Instinctive Assertive Intensity

Nine Instinctive Withdrawn Positive Outlook

Growth /Integration

Stress /Disintegration

2

3

7

8

45

91

6

2

3

7

8

45

91

6

Client Notes for the Type Charts (Reproduce this page for your work with clients.)


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Policies and Resources for the Type Charts

For more information, please see our fi ve Riso-Hudson Enneagram books (listed below), questionnaires, and products, as well as the information about the types contained on our website at www.EnneagramInstitute.com.

Policies for Using the Type ChartsThe Enneagram Institute allows photocopying of your download of the Type Charts for individual use, provided the attribution and copyright notices remain on each copy of this material. Please feel free to share them with your clients and friends to help spread the Enneagram. Foreign language translations for personal use only are permitted.

For business or commercial publication of the Type Charts such as for business consultant manuals, teacher manuals, books, and for other similar commercial uses of this material, please contact The Enneagram Institute for a License to reproduce. Adapting the content, reformatting the Charts, or using the content in new products is not permitted without obtaining a License. Contact The Enneagram Institute for information about bulk discounts for reproducing or photocopying the Type Charts in whole or part for commercial projects.

Foreign language translations are permitted for commercial use with a License. All translations must retain the proper attribution and copyright information on each copy.

To obtain a business or commercial License to reproduce the Type Charts in English or any other language, contact The Enneagram Institute. This material is the original work of Don Riso and Russ Hudson of The Enneagram Institute (World Headquarters, New York). The Type Charts are copyright, 2007 by The Enneagram Institute. All Rights Reserved. Design concepts copyright, 2007 by Karen Jacke and Joyce Stenstrom.

Riso-Hudson Books and ResourcesThe RH Enneagram books are the best selling and most relied on Enneagram books in the fi eld today, and are widely available in many foreign translations. For more information about all aspects of the Enneagram, please consult the newest editions of: The Wisdom of the Enneagram, Personality Types, Understanding the Enneagram, Discovering Your Personality Type, and Enneagram Transformations.

To discover type, please see the independently validated RHETI personality test (currently in English, Spanish, Chinese, and Dutch), as well as the short, free RHETI Sampler, and the QUEST-TAS personality sorting test. The Instinctual Variants Questionnaire (IVQ) identifi es the relative importance of the three basic instincts (Self-Preservation, Instinctual Variants Questionnaire (IVQ) identifi es the relative importance of the three basic instincts (Self-Preservation, Instinctual Variants QuestionnaireSexual/Attraction, and Social), providing further insights into behaviors and motivations of each type.

For more materials, therapists, coaches, and consultants may also fi nd The Enneagram Cards, the Individual Type Audio Recordings (ITARs), the Type Compatibilities, the business materials, the free EnneaFeatures Viewer (screen EnneaFeatures Viewer (screen EnneaFeatures Viewersaver), and other materials on our website to be useful enrichments in their work with clients.

The Enneagram Institute(World Headquarters)3355 Main Street, Route 209Stone Ridge, New York 12484

[email protected] (845) 687-9878fax (845) 687-7486www.EnneagramInstitute.com

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