Two Small Wars in Asia Japan v China Japan v Western Allies For centuries the Japanese had kept foreigners out of their islands. American admiral Matthew Perry is credited with opening Japan to Westerners in 1852. Japan saw how many parts of Asia and Africa were made into colonies by Europeans and Japan resolved to learn Western ways and become strong to avoid this fate. Japan sent many of her young men to college in the US and Western Europe to learn Western ways especially technology. In 1905 Japan shocked the world by defeating____ in a short war. Japan sent many of her young men to college in the US and Western Europe to learn Western ways especially technology. In 1905 Japan shocked the world by defeating_RUSSIA in a short war. Japan had taken over Korea in the late 1800s and took over part of Manchuria From Russia in 1905 Russo Japanese War. The Great Depression hurt Japan a lot. Convinced that other countries were blocking Japanese trade, Japan decided to expand its empire. Japan is an island. As it built more industry,Japaneseneededmore __________ _______ Japan is an island. As it built more industry,Japaneseneededmore Raw materials Japan built up its army and especially its navy during the early 1900s. Although the Although the Emperor was regarded as a god, politically Japan was ruled by a war party dedicated to building an empire. The Japanese regarded themselves as the racially superior to other Asians. In 1930s Japan In 1930s Japan allied itself with FASCIST ITALY AND GERMANY in the AXIS. In 1931, JapanattackedChinese forces in Manchuria. Japan set up a puppet government in Manchuria which Japan renamed Manchukuo. The League of The League of Nations sharply criticized Japan but could not agree up on any real action. In 1937, JapanattackedChinaitself.Japanesesoldiersbehavedverybrutally. China had been racked by a civil war between democrat Chiang Kai-shek And Communist Mao Zedong. They stopped fighting each other to fight the Japanese. Inspired by the plight of the Chinese, former Air Force General Claire Chennault led a group of American volunteer flyers called the Flying Tigers to help Chinese. Japan conquered huge sections of the Chinese coast. When Hitler started the war in Europe, Japan took the opportunity to attack European colonies in Asia With Britain, France, & Netherlands occupied in Europe, Japan made a grab for their colonies in the Pacific. Japan was particularly interested in Indonesia because it had _______ With Britain, France, & Netherlands occupied in Europe, Japan made a grab for their colonies in the Pacific. Japan was particularly interested in Indonesia because it had _OIL. ONLY ONE POWER IN THE WAY ______________ With Britain, France, & Netherlands occupied in Europe, Japan made a grab for their colonies in the Pacific. Japan was particularly interested in Indonesia because it had _OIL. ONLY ONE POWER IN THE WAY THE UNITED STATES Japan made a great gamble to knock out the US NAVY with a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. Japan thought that by the time US recovered, Japan would have grabbed all the land it wanted Pearl Harbor was greatest disaster ever suffered by the US Military. All EIGHT BATTLESHIPS were sunk along with eight other ships Americans were killed and 1500 wounded 1500 of American dead came from the USS ARIZONA which took torpedo directly into powder storage area. The ship exploded and sank quickly. Because they sank in SHALLOW WATER, the other seven ships were raised and repaired. All fought later in the war. The Arizona was left alone and made into a memorial. By the grace of God, the four AIRCRAFT CARRIERS were not in Port at time of attack. The carriers proved to be much more important in this war than battleships. Japan moved against AUSTRALIA. US sent its four AIRCRAFT CARRIERS And fleet to block. BATTLE OF THE CORAL SEA was fought entirely with aircraft. The ships never sighted each other. ships never sighted each other. The battle was a draw BUT JAPAN WITHDREW INVASION FLEET FROM AUSTRALIA. US lost USS LEXINGTON Meanwhile the US planned a way to quickly strike back at Japan. DOOLITTLE RAID involved a naval fleet sneaking as close as possible to Japan & launching modified B 25 bombers from the decks of carriers. After bombing Tokyo for a matter of seconds, the planes flew on to China. Several of the flyers gave their lives. Although no actual damage was done, the Japanese freaked out that American bombers could threaten EMPEROR! Japan resolved to crush the US Navy once And for all. They sailed two HUGE task Forces to take MIDWAY ISLAND. Fortunately the US had broken Japanese Naval Code so we could read their signals. US had had a pretty good idea of the plan. Japan had overwhelming force moving against Midway Island. JAPAN USA JAPAN USA Battleships 15 ________ Battleships 15 ________ Japan had overwhelming force moving against Midway Island. JAPAN USA JAPAN USA Battleships 15 NONE Other ships 50 Japan had overwhelming force moving against Midway Island. JAPAN USA JAPAN USA Battleships 15 NONE Other ships 50 20___ Men 5500 Japan had overwhelming force moving against Midway Island. JAPAN USA JAPAN USA Battleships 15 NONE Other ships 50 20___ Men Carriers 4 Japan had overwhelming force moving against Midway Island. JAPAN USA JAPAN USA Battleships 15 NONE Other ships 50 20___ Men Carriers 4 3__ Ship based fighting Planes 400 Japan had overwhelming force moving against Midway Island. JAPAN USA JAPAN USA Battleships 15 NONE Other ships 50 20___ Men Carriers 4 __3 Ship based fighting Planes Japan divided their force and put the Battleships in the second group Many miles behind the carriers. As the battle developed, there were Three parts Japanese navy Japanese navy American navy American navy American forces on Midway Island American forces on Midway Island Japanese carriers bombed Midway Island while the three US carriers Lay over the horizon. Both navies Were in frantic sea plane search for The other force. Finally an American scout plane sighted the Japanese. American Admiral SPRUANCE immediately Launched ALL attack planes. Two types of attack planes torpedo bombers torpedo bombers dive bombers dive bombers Fighters stayed with the carriers to Protect against Japanese attack. Launched by squads and flew separately toward Japanese Meanwhile Japanese have bombed Midway and planes got back to ships to be refueled and rearmed with ship sinking bombs. Japanese crews work frantically to fuel the planes and put in more bombs. Just then some B-17 bombers from Midway arrive and bomb Japanese Ships. All bombs miss, BUT Japanese admiral decides to bomb MIDWAY ISLAND before going after American carriers. Japanese Japanese admiral decides to bomb MIDWAY ISLAND before going after American carriers. Japanese Scout planes have still failed to sight Americans. Japanese crews take off ship bombs And put on land bombs. In hurry Nothing is put away - ALL ARE LEFT ON THE CARRIER DECKS Finally Japanese scout plane reports Seeing American ship. Just then The American torpedo planes arrive The American torpedo planes attack The Japanese carriers. They are Shot out of the sky. Only 4 or 5 of The 24 crewmen live through the battle. By this time it is 10:25 am. Japanese position- all fighter planes Are at sea level having attacked the American torpedo planes. All that fuel And bombs and planes are still spread All over the carrier decks. Just as Japanese are at their most Vulnerable, at 10:25 am, the American DIVE BOMBERS arrive! JAPAN USA JAPAN USA Battleships 15 NONE Other ships 50 20___ Men Carriers 4 __3 Ship based fighting Planes JAPAN USA JAPAN USA Battleships 15 NONE Other ships 50 20___ Men Carriers ALL SUNK 3__ Ship based fighting Planes JAPAN USA JAPAN USA Battleships 15 NONE Other ships 50 20___ Men Carriers ALL SUNK 3__ Ship based fighting Planes ALL LOST 150 JAPAN USA JAPAN USA Battleships 15 NONE Other ships 50 20___ Men ALMOST ALL PILOTS DROWNED 2000 PILOTS DROWNED 2000 Carriers ALL SUNK 3__ Ship based fighting Planes ALL LOST 150 Basically at 10:25 am, Japan was Basically at 10:25 am, Japan was Winning the war. FIVE MINUTES LATER JAPAN HAD LOST Basically at 10:25 am, Japan was Basically at 10:25 am, Japan was Winning the war. FIVE MINUTES LATER JAPAN HAD LOST as Japan could never make up the lost ships, planes and esp. up the lost ships, planes and esp. pilots. Japan never launched another attack. It was all defense pilots. Japan never launched another attack. It was all defense back to Tokyo. back to Tokyo. This glorious outcome for the US This glorious outcome for the US Had been bought by the brave actions of the torpedo plane crews who did their duty without hesitation or question. After Midway, the US followed After Midway, the US followed Strategy of ISLAND HOPPING Taking one island group after another Until they got within striking distance Of Japanese Home Island. OKINAWA was last island before the Home islands. Japan used Kamikazis Suicide planes. Fought to death.