two other densities in plain films contrast media: bright white outline of the structure injected...
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Two Other Densities in Plain Films Contrast media: bright white outline of
the structure injected Barium sulfate
Heavy metals: solid white Artificial joints, pins, tooth fillings Appear as white on radiographs
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Contrast Enhanced Radiographs
Arthrography: contrast agent injected into joint space and outlines internal structures
Myelography: injected into subarachnoid space of spinal cord to evaluate spinal cord, nerve roots, & dura
Angiography: injected into arterial or venous systems to evaluate the circulatory system.
Diskography: Injected into nucleus pulposus
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Computer Tomography (CT) X-ray beam moved in a 360 degree arc
around patient to generated cross-sectional images (3-D eval)
Detectors digitize the images with computer technology; cross-sectional slices of the body are 1+mm thick
Less complex & somewhat less expensive option alternative to MRI. Excellent imaging of bone and greatly reduces overlap of structures
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Nuclear Imaging
Bone scans: Radiopharmaceuticals preferentially taken up by bone. Hot spots indicate increased mineral
turnover / increased metabolism Stress fractures, osteomyelitis, bone
tumors, arthritis, metabolic bone disease, trauma, bone growth or healing
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) No ionizing radiation Strong magnetic field in combo with radio
waves cause protons of hydrogen nuclei to resonate
Different tissues resonate at different intensities - - from which 3D images are extrapolated
Bright = high signal intensity Dark = low signal intensity
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Major advantages of MRI: the evaluation
of soft tissue and tumors Signal intensities gathered at two times
T1 signal: Fat is bright, fluid is dark (gray)
T2 signal: Fluid is brighter, fat is dark (gray)
Either signal: Cortical bone is dark gray to black (main diff from CT); but marrow is white
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