TWO BIG PROBLEMSTWO BIG PROBLEMS

1.1. Native Americans are unhappy.Native Americans are unhappy.

2.2. Need more money FAST. Need more money FAST.

HOW DOES ENGLAND RESPOND?HOW DOES ENGLAND RESPOND?

Results of the French Results of the French Indian WarIndian War

British and Colonials winBritish and Colonials win

France loses North France loses North American EmpireAmerican Empire

French Threat to French Threat to colonials removedcolonials removed

British military British military reputation suffers in reputation suffers in colonial eyescolonial eyes

British experience British experience colonial disloyaltycolonial disloyalty

British have enormous British have enormous area to governarea to govern

Colonials gain Colonials gain confidence in their confidence in their abilityability

British debt doublesBritish debt doubles

Cost of 10,000 British Cost of 10,000 British troops HUGE!troops HUGE!

British citizens in British citizens in England heavily taxedEngland heavily taxed

What are some reasons that What are some reasons that people might turn against their people might turn against their government? Cite examples. government? Cite examples.

What group might have What group might have released this statement released this statement

in 1640?in 1640?

The might of a country consists of gaining The might of a country consists of gaining surpluses of gold and silver. The nation’s surpluses of gold and silver. The nation’s

strength is found in economic independence strength is found in economic independence and the maintenance of a favorable balance of and the maintenance of a favorable balance of

trade. We need to gain colonies both as trade. We need to gain colonies both as sources of raw materials and as markets for our sources of raw materials and as markets for our

manufactured goods. manufactured goods.

Navigation ActsNavigation Acts 1650 - 1764 1650 - 1764

During the early years of settlement, England During the early years of settlement, England largely ignored its colonieslargely ignored its colonies

But, under British King Charles II, the But, under British King Charles II, the Navigation Navigation Acts Acts were implementedwere implemented

Draw a table - Draw a table -

Navigation ActsNavigation Acts

Advantages Disadvantages

ENGLAND

AMERICANCOLONIES

Navigation ActsNavigation Acts16511651

No country could trade with colonies unless goods shipped in No country could trade with colonies unless goods shipped in colonial or England shipscolonial or England ships

Crews on ships must be ¾ EnglishCrews on ships must be ¾ English

Foreign ships are forbidden in colonial harborsForeign ships are forbidden in colonial harbors

Certain colonial products can Certain colonial products can ONLYONLY be shipped to England be shipped to England (raw materials that England lacked)(raw materials that England lacked)

Goods traded between colonies and Europe must first pass Goods traded between colonies and Europe must first pass through English portthrough English port

Wool Act. Prohibits export of colonial woolen cloth – raw Wool Act. Prohibits export of colonial woolen cloth – raw wool onlywool only

Describe the response of the colonists to these Acts. What Describe the response of the colonists to these Acts. What actions might they take? actions might they take?

PURPOSE: Control colonial marketsPURPOSE: Control colonial markets

Illegal trade beginsIllegal trade begins

England initially ignoresEngland initially ignores Salutary neglect Salutary neglect – England relaxes – England relaxes

enforcement of laws in an effort to maintain the enforcement of laws in an effort to maintain the loyalty of the coloniesloyalty of the colonies What were some pros of salutary neglect?What were some pros of salutary neglect? What were some cons?What were some cons?

Colonists enjoy independenceColonists enjoy independence

Crack down begins on biggest violators – Crack down begins on biggest violators – Massachusett merchantsMassachusett merchants

MercantilismMercantilism

The The ““parent countryparent country”” should regulate trade should regulate trade and production to become self-sufficientand production to become self-sufficient

Colonies provide raw materials to parent Colonies provide raw materials to parent country for growth and profit of that country for growth and profit of that country’s industriescountry’s industries

Parent country sells processed goods back Parent country sells processed goods back to coloniesto colonies

Write down your own definition of Write down your own definition of mercantilism.mercantilism.

MercantilismMercantilism

What were the pros of this policy?What were the pros of this policy?

What were the cons?What were the cons?

EXIT TICKET

Why would the perspective of English people be different than that of American colonists in regards to mercantilist policies? Give an example.

DO NOT SHOWDO NOT SHOWColonial Response to Colonial Response to

Mercantilism?Mercantilism? Mercantilism worked well for colonies that produced Mercantilism worked well for colonies that produced

crops, such as the southern and middle colonies. crops, such as the southern and middle colonies. Why?Why?

They did not work as well for the New England They did not work as well for the New England colonies where they did not grow many crops for colonies where they did not grow many crops for export. Why not?export. Why not?

The trade laws were rarely enforced and many New The trade laws were rarely enforced and many New Englanders ignored them by trading with the non-Englanders ignored them by trading with the non-BritishBritish

To what extent do you think that the colonies governed themselves?

Depiction of the first meeting of the House of Burgesses, 1619

Colonial Self-Colonial Self-GovernmentGovernment

In 1619, Virginia became the first colony to elect In 1619, Virginia became the first colony to elect their own legislative (law-making) assembly called their own legislative (law-making) assembly called the House of Burgessesthe House of Burgesses

In New England, colonists practiced self-In New England, colonists practiced self-government by gathering in village meetinghouses government by gathering in village meetinghouses each month to make local decisionseach month to make local decisions

By 1750, each of the 13 colonies had its own By 1750, each of the 13 colonies had its own elected assembly, which shared power with a elected assembly, which shared power with a governorgovernor

By 1750, colonists were accustomed to running By 1750, colonists were accustomed to running their own affairs and many, especially New their own affairs and many, especially New Englanders, ignored British laws. Englanders, ignored British laws.

North American Land North American Land Claims, 1750sClaims, 1750s

The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War1754-17631754-1763

By the end of the 17By the end of the 17thth century France, Britain, and century France, Britain, and Spain struggled over who Spain struggled over who would control North Americawould control North America

Center of the struggle Center of the struggle between Britain and France between Britain and France was over the Ohio River was over the Ohio River ValleyValley

Fighting erupted between the Fighting erupted between the French and British in the Ohio French and British in the Ohio River Valley in 1754River Valley in 1754

Why do you think they were Why do you think they were fighting over the Ohio River fighting over the Ohio River Valley?Valley?

George Washington leading troops during the French and Indian War

The French and Indian WarThe French and Indian War

What is the What is the outcome of the outcome of the war?war?

The British won The British won and the war and the war came to an end came to an end in 1763in 1763

The Death of General Wolfe by Benjamin West, 1771. This image depicts the death of the British general.

North American Land North American Land ClaimsClaims

1763 and Later1763 and Later

Results of French Indian Results of French Indian WarWar

Which of these results have a negative impact Which of these results have a negative impact on the England/Colony relationship?on the England/Colony relationship?

British and colonists win! British and colonists win! France loses North France loses North American Empire American Empire

French threat to colonials French threat to colonials removedremoved

Britain controls most Britain controls most land east of the land east of the Mississippi RiverMississippi River

British military reputation British military reputation suffers in colonial eyessuffers in colonial eyes

Colonials gain confidence Colonials gain confidence in their military abilityin their military ability

British experience British experience colonial disloyaltycolonial disloyalty

British have enormous British have enormous area to governarea to govern

Cost of 10,000 troops Cost of 10,000 troops very expensivevery expensive

British debt doubles British debt doubles

British citizens in British citizens in England heavily taxedEngland heavily taxed

Now What?Now What?

The British have won the war. Now The British have won the war. Now they need to pay for the war AND they need to pay for the war AND protect their holdings in the colonies.protect their holdings in the colonies.

How should Britain go about meeting How should Britain go about meeting both goals?both goals?

Proclamation of 1763Proclamation of 1763

““We have thought fit...to issue this Our We have thought fit...to issue this Our Royal Proclamation.... And whereas it is Royal Proclamation.... And whereas it is just and reasonable, and essential to just and reasonable, and essential to Our Interest and the Security of Our Our Interest and the Security of Our Colonies, that the several Nations or Colonies, that the several Nations or Tribes of Indians, with whom We are Tribes of Indians, with whom We are connected, and who live under Our connected, and who live under Our Protection, should not be molested or Protection, should not be molested or disturbed..disturbed..

How might colonists respond to this?How might colonists respond to this?

The Proclamation of The Proclamation of 17631763

Look at this map (map Look at this map (map of Proclamation of of Proclamation of 1763). 1763).

Pretend you are a Pretend you are a colonist at this time, colonist at this time, living in Pennsylvania. living in Pennsylvania. How would you How would you

respond?respond?

After 1763, the era of After 1763, the era of salutary neglect came salutary neglect came to an endto an end