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Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership Steve Morris NCSU Libraries Abby Smith Library of Congress NC GIS 2007 March 2, 2007

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Page 1: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

Steve MorrisNCSU Libraries

Abby Smith Library of Congress

NC GIS 2007 March 2, 2007

Page 2: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

NDIIPP 2

National Digital Information and Infrastructure Preservation Program (NDIIPP)

• To ensure access over time to a rich body of digital content through the establishment of a national network of committed partners, collaborating in a digital preservation architecture with defined roles and responsibilities

Page 3: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

NDIIPP 3

NDIIPP Objectives

• Develop a national digital collection and preservation strategy

• Build a network of partnerships• Explore protocols and standards to

support partnership operations• Identify and preserve at-risk digital

content• Support development of tools, models,

and methods for digital preservation

Page 4: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

NDIIPP 4

Network of Preservation Partners• Volume and complexity of digital content

calls for a distributed approach• LC is providing resources and leadership

to construct a network of preservation partners

• Primary outcomes for partnerships:– Identify and preserve significant content– Leverage resources, experience via

collaborative network– Promote standards and best practices

Page 5: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

NDIIPP 5

Goals for the Partnerships• Share strategies for digital content

selection/collection• Probe intellectual property issues• Collaborate in developing a technical

architecture• Study economics and incentives• Identify and share best practices• Learn how to build and sustain

partnerships

Page 6: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

NDIIPP 6

Page 7: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

NDIIPP 7

Geospatial Data Focus of Partners• NC State University and NC CGIA• UC Santa Barbara and Stanford• U of Tennessee Knoxville• San Diego Supercomputer Center, Scripps

Institute of Oceanography, and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute

• U of Michigan: Social science data• U of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign: State

government publications, among other content

Page 8: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

NDIIPP 8

Why Geospatial Data?

Congressional interestGrowing importance for all aspects of:• Government• Business• Science & technology• Cultural expression• Social software

Page 9: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

NDIIPP 9

Why Geospatial Data Networks?• Leverage existing efforts• Model cooperation & coordination at

different scales• Public/private partnerships• Recognized need for expertise in

tempero-spatial data collection, analysis, & long-term management

Page 10: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

10

NC Geospatial Data Archiving Project (NCGDAP)

Partnership between NCSU Libraries and NCCGIA with Library of Congress under NDIIPPOne of 8 NDIIPP Digital Preservation Partners projectsFocus on state and local geospatial content in North Carolina (state demonstration)Tied to NC OneMap initiative objective: “Historic and temporal data will be maintained and available.”Objective: engage existing state/federal geospatial data infrastructures in preservation

Page 11: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

11

Temporal Data Supports Decision Making

Land use change analysisReal Estate trend analysisSite selection (past uses?)

Forecasting

Parcel Boundary Changes 2001-2004

North Raleigh, NC

Page 12: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

12

Digital Preservation Points of Failure

Data is not saved, or …can’t be found, or …media is obsolete, or …media is corrupt, or …format is obsolete, or …file is corrupt, or …meaning is lost

Solutions:

MigrationEmulationEncapsulation XML

Page 13: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

13

Different Ways to Approach Preservation

Technical solutions: How do we archive acquired content over the long term?

Cultural/Organizational solutions: How do we make the data more preservable—and more prone to be archived—from point of production?

Page 14: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

14

• A “temporally-impaired” industry begins to discover time and the value of older data

• Major vendors and consulting firms begin to see temporal data management and analysis as a customer problem

Project Surprises:Emerging Industry Interest in Data Longevity

Page 15: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

15

• The true counterpart to the old map is not the GIS dataset but rather the finished geographic product (map, chart, etc.)

• More than data—also classification, layering, symbolization, annotation, modeling, more …

Project Surprises:Handling PDF as a Geospatial Format

Page 16: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

16

• County and city agencies beginning to digitize old maps and aerial imagery

• NCGDAP-georectified maps made available for download and put in the National Geologic Map Database

Project Surprises:Resurrecting Old Maps

Superceded USGS Topo Maps

Geologic Maps from Theses, Dissertations, and Reports

Page 17: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

17

Project Surprises:Engaging Standards Efforts

• Partnered with EDINA (UK) and NARA to approach the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) in 2005-2006

• Working Group charter approved by OGC Technical Committee plenary Dec. 2006

Page 18: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

18

• High volume of state/federal requests for local data – spurs rethinking of archive strategy for data acquisition

• Leveraging more compelling business reasons to put the data in motion

Changes in the Domain:Emerging ContentExchange Networks

Orthophoto“sneakernet”system

Started fall 2006 Transportation data exchange system

Funded starting fall 2006

Ongoing statewide data inventory

Started March 2006

Page 19: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

19

• Huge new audience for geospatial content

• Massive crossover of mainstream IT to geospatial, spurring open source activities: e.g. WMS tiling and caching

• “Good enough” approaches to data (formats, quality, standards)

Changes in the Domain:Mashups, Google Earth,Map APIs, and More

Page 20: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

20

• Mobile, LBS, and, social networking applications

• Long-term cultural heritage value in non-overhead imagery: more descriptive of place and function

Changes in the Domain:More Place-based (versus spatial) Data

Oblique Imagery

Street View Images

DOT Videologs

Tax Dept. Photos

Page 21: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

21

NC Frequency of Capture Survey

Survey objective:Document current practices for obtaining archival snapshots of county/municipal geospatial vector data layersSeek guidance about frequency of capture

Survey topics:General questions about data archiving practiceSpecific questions about parcels, street centerlines, jurisdictional boundaries, and zoning

Survey subjects:All 100 counties and 25 municipalities58% response rateSurvey conducted September 2006

Page 22: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

22

Survey Results: Overview

Two-thirds of responding agencies create and retain periodic snapshotsLong-term retention more common in counties with larger populationsStorage environments vary, with servers and CD-ROMs most commonOffsite storage (or both onsite and offsite) is used by nearly half of the respondentsPopularity of historic images has resulted in scanning and geo-referencing of hardcopy aerial photos among one-third of the respondents

Page 23: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

23

What’s Next?

TechnicalAcquiring and ingesting data Refining ingest systemExploring new metadata approachesExploring “Neogeography” space

EngagementOGC Data Preservation Working GroupCollaboration with State ArchivesMore site visits

Page 24: Twenty Years of Spatial Vision, But What Does 1987 Look Like in Your GIS? – Emerging Issues, Hindsight and Insights from the NC Preservation Partnership

24

Questions?

Steve MorrisDigital Library InitiativesNCSU [email protected]

NCGDAP: http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/ncgdap/

NDIIPP: http://www.digitalpreservation.gov/

Abby [email protected]


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