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Cognitive Therapy and Research [cotr] pp734-cotr-459444 February 13, 2003 18:3 Style file version Jun 14th, 2002

Cognitive Therapy and Research, Vol. 27, No. 1, February 2003 ( C© 2003), pp. 1–17

Twenty-Five Years of Inquiry and Insight

Rick E. Ingram1

With this issue, Cognitive Therapy and Research has just passed its 25th birthday. Inthe 25 years since its inception, the journal has been on the leading edge of cognitively-oriented clinical research. To commemorate this anniversary, a brief history of thejournal, and of cognitive research, is presented. Some possible directions for the futureof the journal are discussed, and individuals who have served the journal over the last25 years are acknowledged.

KEY WORDS: Cognitive Therapy and Research, History.

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS OF INQUIRY AND INSIGHT

Among the first words printed in Cognitive Therapy and Research were, “Theprimary objective of Cognitive Therapy and Research is to foster a constructive, crit-ical dialogue among various disciplines and orientations that have similar concerns,but that previously have had little occasion to interact. We hope to provide a mediumfor researchers who are studying basic cognitive processes and for clinicians who areconfronted with the dilemma of how best to conceptualize their clients’ thoughts,feelings, and behavior in the context of a treatment regimen” (Mahoney, 1977, p. 1).With this issue, Cognitive Therapy and Research has just passed its 25th birthday, andthough the topical content of the journal has grown in the last two and a half decades,and the journal has seen four different editors, the objective of Cognitive Therapyand Research remains the same.

The sheer joys of being an editor of a journal are few and far between, and usuallycome at the very beginning of an editor’s term. Once the excitement of being namedto an editorship subsides comes the realization that the job takes a considerableamount of effort. If the new editor is lucky, as was I, the groundwork would havebeen laid by previous editors. An editorial guidebook, a workable and efficient setof procedures, hard-working associate editors with superb editorial judgment, and astellar editorial board, all ease the way for the new editor. Yet, while the intellectualinterest and the commitment to publish a first-rate journal remains, the novelty that

1Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275; e-mail: [email protected].

1

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underlies the pleasure soon wears off and what remains is the work. Every now andthen, however, an opportunity arises that rekindles the joy. Such is the occasion of thepublication of this special issue, commemorating the 25th anniversary of CognitiveTherapy and Research.

Most journals occasionally publish special issues, and Cognitive Therapy andResearch has done so on a number of occasions. The procedure typically involvesa researcher contacting the editor with an idea for a special issue, and if approved,compiling a list of contributors to invite and specific topics of their articles. The focusof the issue, however, is always topical and is related to the mission statement ofthe journal. Submitted manuscripts then undergo a review and, if accepted, appearin the special issue.2 The focus and procedures for this 25th anniversary issue weredifferent in two ways. First, rather than identify a group of potential contributorsorganized around a particular topic, I invited members of the journal’s AdvisoryBoard to contribute articles. These individuals represent the founders of cognitive–clinical psychology as we know it, the theorists and researchers who shaped the fieldin its earliest days, and continue to do so now. Thus, they are not only the pioneersof the field of cognitive therapy and research, they are also the settlers who continueto define the field’s scientific landscape.

Second, rather than invite them to write on a particular topic, Advisory Boardmembers were invited to write on any topic they wanted. I suggested that, if they choseto they could reminisce about the early days of the field (or the journal itself), presentempirical data, discuss theories, present new ideas, or offer suggestions for how thejournal has influenced the field. In short, anything that was related to cognitivetherapy and research was considered appropriate. These two factors accounted forvirtually all of the variance in rekindling a sense of editorial delight, inviting a numberof brilliant theorists and researchers—all luminaries in the field—to write on anythingthey wanted.

Would we in anyway go wrong with these ideas? For example, would thesepioneers of the field, all still busy and still overworked, be willing to contribute tothis special issue? Such fears were unfounded. Almost every single member of thejournal’s Advisory Board was able to contribute an article. The contributions rangefrom reflections on the social–scientific environment that led to the development ofthe journal to perspectives on how the articles in Cognitive Therapy and Researchhave not only contributed to but inspired advances in psychological science. Otherarticles reflect more broadly on the meaning and conduct of science, and the academicand social environments that encourage or stifle knowledge. Some of the articlespresent new theoretical ideas, review theory and data, or discuss the evolution of keycognitive constructs and methods. All of the contributions by the Advisory Boardmembers are excellent.

A BRIEF HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE: FROM THEN UNTIL NOW

Cognition in the context of clinical problems and issues is widely recognizedas a legitimate field of inquiry. This was not always so, and newer students to the

2Because authors are invited, rejections of articles for a special issue are extremely rare.

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field may be unaware of how radical cognitive ideas were some 25 years ago. MarvinGoldfried, Michael Mahoney, and Donald Meichenbaum document this state of thecognitive–behavioral union nicely in their articles, and I will leave it to them to tellthe more complete stories. But it suffices to say here that it was not that long agothat the goal of pursuing cognition was considered akin to professional suicide. Forsure, some of the theoretical groundwork for examining cognition had been laid earlyon by theorists such as Bandura (1969) and Mischel (1973). The early work tendedto suggest the importance of cognitive variables, but placed them in the context of“covert behaviors.” As such, these covert behaviors could be seen as behavioral vari-ables that were governed by the laws of learning that determined all behaviors (theywere merely “covert” behaviors). Indeed, early cognitive therapies embraced theidea that cognitions could be considered to function, and could be conditioned orreinforced, just like outwardly observable behaviors. For example, covert counter-conditioning ideas suggested that pairing thoughts of problematic behaviors (e.g.,overeating) with aversive stimuli (“now imagine that you are about to take a bite ofpie, and you vomit”) would lead to a decrease in these behaviors. Such ideas nowseem primitive to say the least, but placing them in context, these were revolutionary25 years ago.

Disentangling cognitive concepts from behavioral learning laws was a naturalnext step in the evolution of the approach, but it nevertheless represented a majorparadigm shift. As is commonly the case with such shifts, it was accompanied by anacrimonious outcry (or, verbal behaviors) by some. More troubling, however, wasthat even as researchers were beginning to see the wisdom of studying cognition in itsown right, and as a way to effectively treat and understand complex clinical problems,manuscripts featuring (or indeed even mentioning) cognition were not likely to beaccepted. Nor were conference presentation submissions likely to receive a warmwelcome if they discussed cognitions. Early on in the “cognitive revolution,” studyingcognition for the untenured university-based clinical researcher looked like a surepath to another profession.

It became clear that as the paradigm began to shift, “pure” behaviorists wouldnot go quietly into the night. Despite protests, however, the days of decreeing thatonly the laws of learning and observable behavior were the appropriate and accept-able subjects of science were numbered; cognitive concepts and the empirical datawere beginning to be compelling. Yet, even as interest in cognitive–behavioral ap-proaches to treatment grew, there were few outlets for publication of this work andways to stimulate debate and inquiry. It was in this atmosphere that Cognitive Ther-apy and Research was conceived at an AABT meeting in Atlanta, and was born in1977. They said it was a fad that wouldn’t last, but by any estimate Cognitive Therapyand Research has passed late adolescence and is now firmly entrenched in youngadulthood.

During Cognitive Therapy and Research’s 25 years, four individuals have hadthe privilege of editing the journal: Michael Mahoney (1977–1981), Steve Hollon(1982–1985), Phil Kendall (1986–1996), and Rick Ingram3 (1997–present). Also, dur-ing this time a number of extraordinary researchers have served as associate editorsfor the journal. Every individual who has served as the journal’s Associate Editor

3The latter is honored to be in the company of the former.

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over the last 25 years is listed in Appendix A. The journal, and the field, are indebtedto them.

The backbone of the scientific process is peer review; neither journals nor qualityscience survives without a rigorous peer review process. This starts with the senioreditorial group, composed of the Editor and the Associate Editor Group, and includesthe Editorial Board—those who have made a commitment to the journal by servingand who graciously give up their time to review manuscripts. Individuals who haveserved on Cognitive Therapy and Research’s Editorial Board are listed in Appendix B.These individuals have performed the bulk of the editorial work in the journals’history. But they are not the only professionals who have contributed their scarce timeand energy. All individuals who have reviewed manuscripts for Cognitive Therapyand Research are listed in Appendix C. The insights and ideas that have accrued from25 years of work published in Cognitive Therapy and Research would not have beenpossible without them.

THE FUTURE

Anyone who can claim to accurately tell the future of cognitive–clinical ap-proaches to psychology should perhaps be directing his or her attention to foretellingwinning lottery ticket numbers; no one can say for sure where the area will go fromhere. Certainly, however, there are trends that provide clues. Twenty years ago, whenbasic clinical researchers looked for ways to understand and study cognition, theyfound a number of theories, paradigms, and methodologies in the basic psychologicalsciences (e.g., cognitive psychology). Once again, basic science ideas and methodolo-gies may lead the way. For example, advances in cognitive and affective neurosciencemay help provide important data and insights as to cognitive processes in maladap-tive functioning, and may help elucidate the cognitive factors that are affected bytreatment. Time will tell.

One thing is certain about the future of the journal. Cognitive Therapy and Re-search will remain committed to publishing ideas and data that help advance ourunderstanding of the cognitive processes that are linked to disorders and their treat-ment. As always the focus will be on ideas that are conceptually interesting andwell articulated, and on data generated through sound methodological techniquesthat address meaningful and interesting questions in the cognitive domain. The last25 years have seen this journal start from humble beginnings and an uncertain fu-ture to becoming among the most respected of journals in clinical psychology, andarguably the top journal focusing on cognition and its clinical antecedents, corre-lates, and consequences. Here’s looking forward to the next quarter of a century ofprogress and promise.

APPENDIX A: ASSOCIATE EDITORS FOR COGNITIVE THERAPYAND RESEARCH: 1977–2002

Lyn Y. AbramsonLynn E. Alden

Diane B. ArnkoffNancy Cantor

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Ian H. GotlibDavid A. F. HaagaConstance L. HammenAdele HayesRichard G. HeimbergDebra A. HopeRichard G. HeimbergSteven D. HollonAmy Holzworth-MunroeRick E. IngramNeil Jacobson

Philip C. KendallDonald MeichenbaumJacqueline B. PersonsVicky PharesClive RobinsPaul D. RokkeWalter D. ScottZindel V. SegalTimothy SmithDennis C. TurkG. Terence Wilson

APPENDIX B: EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS FOR COGNITIVETHERAPY AND RESEARCH: 1977–2002

Lyn Y. AbramsonAnthony H. AhrensLynn E. AldenLauren B. AlloyDiane B. ArnkoffJoan AsarnowAlbert BanduraDavid H. BarlowDonald BaucomPeter J. BeilingEugene BorgidaChristopher R. BrewinRonald T. BrownKelly D. BrownellMonroe BruchRoy CameronNancy CantorCharles CarverDaniel CervoneDianne L. ChamblessEdward C. ChangDavid A. ClarkDavid M. ClarkJames C. CoyneW. Edward CraigheadJ. Jeffrey CrowsonGerald C. DavisonJerry L. DeffenbacherRobert J. DeRubeisKeith S. DobsonChristopher Eckhardt

A. J. FinchFrank FinchamEdna B. FoaJohn P. ForeytJerome D. FrankMichael GemarCarol R. GlassIan H. GotlibLeslie S. GreenbergAlan S. GurmanDavid A. F. HaagaConstance L. HammenRichard G. HeimbergSteven D. HollonKenneth A. HolroydAmy Holtzworth-MunroeDebra A. HopeSteven S. IlardiRick E. IngramAnita IversonNeil S. JacobsonJohn B. JollyFrederick H. KanferAlan E. KazdinPhilip C. KendallJohn F. KihlstromDaniel S. KirschenbaumNicholas A. KuiperMarsha M. LinehanColin MacLeodVanessa Malcarne

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G. Alan MarlattDonald MeichenbaumThomas V. MerluzziAndrew W. MeyersLarry MichelsonSuzanne M. MillerJeanne MirandaR. Eric NelsonArthur NezuRaymond W. NovacoJacqueline B. PersonsVicky PharesJoseph PriceLynn P. RehmC. Steven RichardsJohn RiskindClive J. RobinsPaul D. RokkeThomas E. RudyA. John RushJeremy D. SafranPeter SaloveyIrwin G. Sarason

Walter D. ScottZindel V. SegalBrian F. ShawGreg SiegleRandy J. SmithTimothy W. SmithDonald S. StrassbergBonnie R. StricklandHans H. StruppKaren Sutton-SimonStephen SwallowJohn D. TeasdaleDennis C. TurkKelly Bemis VitousekRoger P. WeissbergCarol K. WhalenDeborah J. WiebeG. Terence WilsonBernice WongErik Z. WoodyJeffrey E. YoungDavid C. Zuroff

APPENDIX C: REVIEWERS FOR COGNITIVE THERAPYAND RESEARCH: 1977–2002

John AbelaJ. S. AbramowitzDavid AbramsLyn Y. AbramsonMichael AddisGlenn G. AffleckStuart AgrasW. Stewart AgrasAnthony AhrensMustafa Al’AlbsiEdward AlbergerJeanne AlbrightLynn AldenBrad AlfordIrene AlkinLauren AlloyMadeline AltabeElizabeth Altmaier

Anthony AlversNadir AmirCheryl AndersonCraig AndersonKent AndersonMerrill AndersonFrank AndrasikBernice AndrewsDonna AndrewsJohn AndrusDavid AntonuccioMartin AntonyJohn AntrobusPatricia AreanBruce ArhowHal ArkowitzDiane ArnkoffElizabeth Harvey Arnold

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Arnie ArntzJohn ArrowheadDavid ArrowoodJohn ArrowoodJoan AsarnowL. Michael AscherGordon AsmundsonLisa AspinwallGerald AugustCarl von BaeyerMichael BagbyMark BalabanMark BaldwinDonald BakalDon BanlomR. Christopher BardenJohn BarghBill BariosR. S. BaronSusan BartlettDon BaucomRus BauerRoy F. BaumeisterSteven BeachJ. Gayle BeckR. BeckC. BeckerJ. BedellRichard BedrosianChristopher BeeversDeborah BeidelPeter BeilingDonald BekalAlan BellackDebbie Bell-DolanNili BenazonJane BenjaminHyia Ben-JosephChristine BernetAndrew BertagnolliHelen BestJ. Alan BestLarry BeutlerAnthony BiglarDavid BlackEd Blanchard

Jack BlanchardPaul BlaneyKirk BlanksteinRoger BlashfieldSidney BlattElaine BlechmanDebra BlockPaul BlockE. BogerRobert BoiceFred G. BolandRichard BootzinDeanne Zotter BonifaziJanet BordenDoris BorgeThomas BorkovecJohn BorkowskiJanet BoseovskiS. BouchardPatrick BoudewynPaul BourqueKenneth BowersWayne BowersThomas BradburyC. M. BradizzaLaurence BradleyPhilip BrantleyLauren BraswellPenny BrennanChris BrewinDaniel BriddellAaron BrowerE. J. BrownGary BrownRonald BrownSteve BrownTimothy BrownMonroe BruchDavid BurnsJ. BurnsMark BurrellAndrew C. ButlerGillian ButlerJohn CacioppoJohn CalamariSharon Calhoon

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Karen CalhounSerena CallahanManual CalvoRoy CameronSusan CampbellNancy CantorCheryl CarminTimothy CarmodyBill CarterD. Bruce CarterMichael CarterMichelle CarterCharles CarverThomas CashSalvatore CatanzaroDaniel P. CervoneDiane ChamblessEdward ChaneyEdward ChangTamar ChanskyJohn ChavesDenise ChaviraJonathan CheekAlan ChristensenAndrew ChristensenBruce ChristensenPaul CinciripiniSusan ClancyDavid A. ClarkDavid M. ClarkLee Anna ClarkMargaret ClarkJohn ClarkinC. ClementsMarylene CloitreGeorge ClumDan CoatesL. CohenRobert CohenDavid ColeHarry ColeMeredith ColesLorraine CollinsLillian Comas-DiazBruce CompasScott Compton

Patricia ConradRichard ConteRichard ContradaHelen CoonsMyra CooperAnne CopelandDewey CornellPatrick CorriganBrian CoxM. W. CoxJames C. CoyneLinda CraigheadEdward CraigheadDuncan CramerMichelle CraskeKenneth CrayNicki CrickPaul Crits-ChristopheJennifer CrockerJeff CrowsonJanice H. CrowtherJames CurranJohn CurryBruce CuthbertCarolyn CutronaEric DaleidenSteven DalgleishTim DalgleishGraham DaveyJoan DavidsonJoanne DavilaGerry DavisonMichael DawsonJeanne DebrightEdward DeciJerry L. DeffenbackerPeter de JongFrancis del BosaAnita DeLongaisMaryilyn DenningerRichard DepueRobert DeRubeisP. DiBartoloCarl DiClementeC. DiClementsRaymond DiGiuseppe

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D. DiLilloS. DimidjianCraig DobsonKeith DobsonMark DombeckChristine DonnellDennis DonovanMichael DowThomas DowdDavid DozoisRonald DrabmanD. DuboisMichael DugasChris Dunkle-SchelterBenjamin DykmanThomas D’ZurillaMitchell EarleywineJohn EckenrodeChristopher EckhardtJ. EdingerC. EdmondsonAnke EhlersGeorge EifertKathleen EldregeIrene ElkinsTimothy R. ElliottAlbert EllisP. EllsworthShelagh EmottMartha EpsteinNorman EpsteinMary Jane EsplenDonald EvansFred EvansMark EvansHans EysenckS. FalsettiJ. M. FamaMichael FanselowAlbert FarrellRobert FauberNora FeeneyGreg FeldmanMichael FendrichMark FeuersteinGordon Fich

Catherine FichtenDecky FiedlerAlfred J. Finch Jr.Frank FinchamGary FischlerJeff FisherSusan FiskeLorna FitzgeraldEllen Flannery-SchroederGordon FlettJ. FlowersEdna FoaIris FodorSue FolkmanVictoria FolletteWilliam FolletteMichael FollickWilliam FordyceDon ForehandJoseph ForgasGary FosterSharon FosterK. FranklinMartin FranklinArthur FreemanMark FreestonWilliam FremouwDavid FrescoRandy FrostDean FunabikiReuven GalJohn GalassiDolores Gallagher-ThompsonGregory GaramoniJudy GarberCharles GarfieldDavid GarnerLarry A. GauppMichael GemarPaul GendreauNancy GeneroMyles GenestJudy GenshaftMeg GerrardBrandon GibbFrederick Gibbons

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Paul GilbertAlan GlarosRussell GlasgowCarol GlassJohn GlassiDavid GlenwickJames GoldMarvin GoldfriedArnold GoldsteinSanford GolinLeon GorlowIan GotlibJanet GraceJames GrayWilliam GrazianoBonnie GreenM. W. GreenJeffrey GreenbergCatherine GreenoSteven GreerJoan GrusecI. Green-DemersA. G. GreenwaldA. P. GreggCarlos GriloLawrence GrimmJames GrossAlan GurmanMichael GurtmanDavid HaagaGordon Nagayama HallHoward HallPeter HallRichard HallamDon HamachekNancy HamiltonConstance HammenDavid HammerJudith HarackiewiczEddie Harmon-JonesThomas HarrellDale HarrisDorthy HarrisKaren HarrisSusan HarterShirley Hartlage

Donald HartmanLorne HartmanLinda HatzenbuehlerLance HawleyWilliam HayAdele HayesStephen HaynesTod HeathertonJ. E. HeckerElaine HeibyFred HeideRick HeimbergVicki HelgesonS. J. HellawellGregg HenriquesP. Paul HeppnerJames HerbertPeter HermanPaul HewittNicholas HeynemanMary Dee HicksE. Tory HigginsJames HiltonC. R. HirschRichard HirshmanHarry HobermanStefan HofmannJack HokansonSteve HollonDavid HolmesAmy Holtzworth-MunroeKenneth HolroydCraig HoltRobert HoltSara HonnJill HooleyDebra HopeJames HoranJohn HoranWilliam HoranAdam HorvathB. Kent HoustonArnold HozmanJohn HunsleyJ. D. HuppertR. T. Hurlburt

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M. T. HussSteven IlardiRick IngramH. Inderbitzen-NolanD. IsaacowitzAlice IsenAlan IsraelAnn IsraeliAnita IversonNeil JacobsonCarlton JamesLarry JamnerRonnie Janoff-BulmanAnita JansenMatt JaremkoRobin JarrettMark JensenDavid JobesCharlotte JohnstonBelinda JohnsonJ. JohnsonMark JohnsonSheri JohnsonThomas JoinerJohn JollyNancy JustHarlan JusterFred KanferRobert KaplanPaul KarolyDiane KaslowNadine KaslowHoward KassinoveRobert KarlinE. KatzRandy KatzC. A. KearneyDon KeatFrank KeefePamela KeelJ. KenardyPhilip KendallE. KeoghRobert D. Kerns Jr.Norbert KerrPeter Kilmann

Dean KilpatrickRay KimEdward KirbyIrving KirschDan KirschenbaumJ. KistnerM. KiviniemiRobert KlepacB. KlestDaniel KleinDavid KleinChris KleinkeRobert KlesgesJohn KlineEric KlingerJohn KlocekDennis KlosRoger KobakWilliam KochLinda KoenigAlex KopelowiczL. KorfineLorne KormanDiana KoszyckiMarika KovacsMichael KozakLester KramesSusan KrantzMargaret KrissNicholas KuiperHoward KurtzmanPaul KwonMichael KyriosJeffrey LacknerAnnette LaGrecaBen LaheyBrian LakeyW. LanceeRichard LandauAlvin LandfieldJ. LanghinrichsenD. LarsenLisa LarsonCynthia LastMark LauArnold Lazarus

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Mark LearyCatherine LeeChristine LeeShelley LeePaul LehrerM. R. LeippeHarold LeitenbergGloria LeonChristopher LeoneMark LeperMark LeviRobert LevitanSandra LevyPeter LewinsohnEdward LichtensteinRichard Lightsey Jr.Scott LilienfeldMarsha LinehanDavid LipinskiRichard LippaJohn LiskinStephen LismanMark LittS. LittleJohn LochmanJeffrey LohrBonita LongBetrt LoroYona LunskyTom LynchR. Lynd-StevensonElizabeth MacCauleyMarion MacDonaldAndrew MacLeodColin M. MacLeodH. F. MackingerS. MacrodemetriusJames MadduxKathryn MahoneyMichael MahoneyStephen MaistoVanessa MalcarneJames MancusoMonica MandellW. MansellHelen Markus

Alan MarlattGrant MarshallJohn MartinBrian MarxGeoffrey MaruyumaJohn MarzillierC. MasiaJack MasserAnne MastenAndrew MathewsJohnny MatsonGerald MatthewsRolando MauroAlbert Maydeu-OlivaresFrank MazurScott McCabeR. E. McCabeKevin McCaulLance McCrackenLeigh McCulloughRichard McFallLata McGinnDudley McGlynnJames McKayRich McNallyC. McNealH. McNeelyDaniel McNeilBrian McNeillJohn McQuaidDouglas MennenRobin MerlsteinThomas MerluzziStephen MesserGerald MetalskyBjorn MeyerAndrew MeyersJackn MicaelJohn MichelaLarry MichelsonDale MillerIvan MillerLaurie MillerSuzanne MillerWilliam MillerMaureen Minarik

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Susan MinekaJeanne MirandaJames MitchellScott MizesKarin MoggJan MohlmanMargaret MolineMyriam MongrainAmy MonroeScott MonroePeter MontiBert MooreKarla MorasMarleen M. MorettiJ. C. MorganWilliam MorganSteven MornsScott MonroeMarlene MorettiLarry MorrisSteven MorrisJohn MuellerKim MueserChris MuranAndrew MyersMark MyersWilliam NasbyPeter NathanJohn NealeRobert NeimeyerW. Michael NelsonJim NeufeldCory NewmanMichelle NewmanChris NewtonFugen NezirogluArthur NezuRaymond NiauraR. NickiM. NietzelSusan NolanSusan Nolen-HoeksemaJulie NoremRon NortonRay NovacoNancy Norvell

Paula NurisJ. OakmanKeith OatleyMichael O’HaraLyn OldershawAnn O’LearyAnn O’LearyJoan OliverThomas OllendickMarion OlmstedPatrick O’NeilMichael OsarchukSusan OrsilloMichael OttoJames OverholserBruce OvermierAsher PachtWendy PadawerRobert PndinaSusan Panichelli-MindelCostas PapageorgioSagar ParikhS. ParikuS. ParkTerry PechacekD. PennJames PennebakerDiana PerkinsRay PerkinsJackie PersonsRay PetersChristopher PetersonGregory PiercePaul PietromonacoNeil PilkingtonPaul PilkonisNancy PiotrowskiJanet PolivySeth PollockOvide PomerleauAlison PottsMichael PowersAngela PrencipeMichael PressleyJames PretzerJoseph Price

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P. PrinsRon PrinzA. PrzeworskiChristine PurdonRichard PyleTom PyszczynskiAdele RabinDana RaboisJack RachmanE. Rafaeli-MorC. RaghavanRonald RapeeWilliam RayNeil RectorWilliam ReddLynn RehmMark ReineckeSteven ReissPatricia ResnickWilliam RholesMartina RichJ. C. RichardsB. C. RiemannJohn RiskindLawrence RisoHenry RobbJohn RobertsArthur RobinClive RobinsMark RobinsJohn RobertsKevin RobertsonT. L. RodebaughLiz RoehmerRichard RogersPaul RohdeD. J. RohsenowPaul RokkeDaniel RomerE. RomerKevin RonanGlenys RondiLeonard RorerJames RosenAl RosenthalTed Rosenthal

M. J. RossDavid RothBarbara RothbaumPaul RozinDiane RubleDavid RuddStephanie RudeKaren RudolphTom RudyPatricia RupertJ. P. RushtonJames RussellRobert RussellAlex RutherfordWilliam SaccoDennis SaccuzzoMichael SachsHarold SackheimJames SafranJeremy SafranSteven SafrenPaul SalkovskisPeter SaloveyWilliam SandersonDarcy SantorBarbara SarasonIrwin SarasonJason SaterfieldCary SavageMichael SayetteMichael ScheierMichael ScheirerChristine ScherKaren SchmalingNorma SchmidtDavid SchotteJoseph SchwartzJudith SchwartzRobert SchwartzForrest ScoginWalter ScottJ. R. ScottiH. SearsConstantine SedikidesZindel SegalSuzanne Segerstrom

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Robert ShermanColleen SeifertMarty SeligmanMarilyn SenchakMichael SetoWilliam ShadelRoz ShafranGolan ShaharNancy SherwoodSaul ShiffmanJ. ShipherdVarda ShohamFranklin ShontzZack ShneckCarolyn ShowersFranklin ShurtzKathleen ShutteJeri SidesGreg SiegleSandra SigmonRoxanne SilverWendy SilvermanAnita SimAnne SimonsJeff SimpsonJerome SingerAlan SirotaRobert SlaneyMark SlaterCraig SmithMegan SmithRobin SmithTimothy SmithJoshua SmythC. SnidermanD. D. SnowMark SnyderLinda SobelMark SobelAri SolomonDebra SookmanDiane SpanglerNicholas SpanosBernard SpilkaAnthony SpiritoArnold Stalberg

Melinda StanleyKevin StarkM. StartupRobert SteerDick SteffyK. SteinGail SteketeeSherry StewartEric SticeWilliam StilesJanet St. LawrenceJ. StoberJ. StoneSteven StotlandDonald StrassbergTimothy StraumanStanley StrongKirk StrosahlNoreen StucklessMichael SullivanJerry SulsL. J. SummerfeldtLeonard SushinskyKaren Sutton-SimonStephen SwallowS. SwearerFrank TallisSiang-Yan TanTony TangShelly TaylorSteven TaylorJohn TeasdaleMichael TelchAuke TellegenHoward A. TennenAmanda ThomasCarry ThompsonDolores Gallagher-ThompsonKevin ThompsonBeverly ThornG. L. ThorpeJoanne TildenDavid TolinTony ToneattoTony TonneaxoJoseph Toreson

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Aaron TorranceG. TranTheresa TreatKrisa TrobstDonald TuckerCynthia TurkDennis TurkHillary TurkewitzJudith TurnerRalph TurnerScott UranaHugh UrbanPeter VaggD. ValentinerT. Michael VallisJ. W. Vander DoesPeter Van OotJames VarneyMichael VaseyMarcel van den HoutElizabeth VendittiLois VeronenKelly VitousekCarl Von BaeyerN. Vogeltanz-HolmPaul WachtelJeffery WackThomas WaddenBarry WagnerK. S. WalitzerKenneth WallstonJennifer WaltzA. WatersP. WatkinsDavid WatsonFraser WattsDaniel WegnerDeborah WeibePatricia WeikWalter WeimerBernard WeinesR. WeisbergAmy WeismanBahr WeissJoan WelkowitzAdrian Wells

Steve WendenlickRichard WenzlaffRobert WernickStephen WestHenny WestraM. WheelerMark WhismanPhyllis WhiteTom WidigerDeborah WiebeMichael WiendermanSabine WilhelmWallace WilkinsJanet WillenhenPaula WilliamsMarian WilliamsMark WilliamsLloyd WilliamsSusan WilliamsDonald WilliamsonTerry WilsonTimothy WilsonErica WisePatricia WisockiTerry WilsonJohn WilsonKathleen WisinckiSharlene WolchikDavid WolfeJessica WolfeBarbara WolfsdorfJanet WollersheimBernice WongJoanne WoodErik WoodySheila WoodyRobert WoolfolkEverett WorthingtonErik WorthingtonBrian YatesJeffrey YoungMichael YoungAri ZaretskyB. ZebbJeanne ZeichmeisterAntonette Zeiss

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Sharon ZeitlinRobert ZettleRose ZimeringRichard Zinbarg

Lori ZoellerRaymond ZurawskiDavid ZuroffMichael Zvolensky

REFERENCES

Bandura, A. (1969). Principles of behavior modification. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.Mahoney, M. (1977). Editorial. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 1, 1–3.Mischel, W. (1973). Toward a cognitive social learning reconceptualization of personality. Psychological

Review, 80, 252–283.

twenty-five years of inquiry and insight

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