tuyen tap bao toan electron rat hay

7/26/2019 Tuyen Tap Bao Toan Electron Rat Hay

1/26

MC LC

LI M U...........................................................................................................................1MC LC.................................................................................................................................2

CC DNG TON C BN..............................................................................................2Dng 1:......................................................................................................................................2

Bi ton: Cho mt kim loi (hoc hn hp cc kim loi) tc dng vi dng d!ch "cid kh#ng c$ t%nh o&' h$"mnh nh dng d!ch "cid Cl* B+* 2,-lo/ng* .............................................................20t 3i t4p t5ng t6:.........................................................................................................2

Dng 2:......................................................................................................................................2Bi ton: Cho mt kim loi (hoc hn hp cc kim loi) tc dng vi dng d!ch "cid 7-8lo/ng* dng d!ch"cid 7-89c n$ng cho +" hn hp kh% hp cht c;" nit5 nh 7-2* 7-* 72-* 72*hoc 78 (tm l kh% ,-2(kh% m?i c)* , (k@t t;" m vng)* hoc kh% 2, (kh% m?i t+Ang thi). 2

0t 3i t4p t5ng t6:.........................................................................................................2Dng 4:......................................................................................................................................2Bi !"n: C#! $% &i$ '!i (#!)* #+n #,- *"* &i$ '!i. "* /0ng i $% /ng /*# #+n #,- *"* 5*i/ n#6/ng /*# #+n #,- 5*i/ 7NO3'!8ng9 5*i/ 7NO3)* n;ng9 /ng /*# 5*i/ 725 #+n#,- *"* ? ===............................................................................................................................2

0t 3i t4p t5ng t6:.........................................................................................................2Dng @: T?n# n#5n# Ai '6,ng $Ai ! #n# >!ng -#n ng !E #;5 F=................2

0t 3i t4p t5ng t6:.........................................................................................................2Dng : C"* Hi - J &i$ '!i K5 n#iJ >ng #"i !E #;5 n#6 9 C ===...................2

0t 3i t4p t5ng t6 :..........................................................................................................0t 3i t4p t5ng t6 :........................................................................................................2

Dng : Dng !"n >!ng /ng /*# n#iJ *# F9 n#iJ *# !E #;5 $ PQ >5! Ri '*>!n E >5Sng #i (#6ng g)- ' /ng !"n &i$ '!i nE E &i$ '!i "* >5 Vi /ng /*# $Ai=2

0t 3i t4p t5ng t6:.........................................................................................................2Dng W= - /0ng LBT '*>!n gii $% PA Hi !"n "*= Bi - Rng #,-=................2

0t 3i t4p t5ng t6:.........................................................................................................2TXI LIYU T7ZM [7O.......................................................................................................2


2/26

CHNG INi dung nh lut v CC DNG TON C BN

Dng 1:

Bi ton: Cho mt kim loi (hoc hn hp cc kim loi) tc dng vi dung dch acid khng c! t"nh o#$

h!a mnh nh% dung dch acid &Cl' &B' &*+,lo-ng' ...p dng n' cc m cDn l E nhFng vn 9G " 9H':I Jhi cho mt Jim loi hoc hn hp Jim loi tc dng vi hn hp "&it &Cl' &*+,lo/ng

hoc hn hp cc " &it lo/ng (&/9$ng v"i t+K l cht o&' h$") thL to +" mi c$ o&' h$" thp v gi=i ph$ng&. ++

++

2222 n&0n&0

n

I ChM nhFng kim loi 9Ang t+c&t+ong d/' hot 9ng h$" hNc mi tc dng vi ion&O. 1h%v2$ ta th3$ kim loi nh%4ng 5i n.6 v &i5 thu v7 .6

C#ng thAc 1: PiQn hR giF" mol kim loi v mol kh%&

7!)* 2= 2&n \ n1=nM1]n2=nM2 ]=====

(Ai i #+n #,- &i$ '!i.T>!ng ; n :#!" > &i$ '!iC#ng thAc 2: S%nh khi lng mi t+ong dng d!ch

$$Ai\ $&i$ '!i] $gA* 5*i/ ( 2*+

m 9 Cl

m 9 B(m === .

S+ong 9$* mol gc "cid 9c cho 3Ti c#ng thAc:ngA* 5*i/\ ^>5! Ri: i_n ?*# *`5 gA* 5*i/

8i &*+,: $$Ai\ $&i$ '!i] a= 2&n

8i &Cl: $$Ai\ $&i$ '!i] 1=2&

n

8i &B: $$Ai\ $&i$ '!i] 1b= 2&n

U% d 1: o t"n V*Wg hn hp 3t Xl v 0g t+ong dng d!ch Cl d. ," ph=n Ang khi lng dng d!ch "&ittYng thQm V*Zg. Jhi lng nh#m v m"gi t+ong hn hp 9D l:

X. 2*Vg v 1*2g B= @94g 294g C. [*Wg v 8*\g ]. 1*2g v 2*g^p dng 9!nh l4t 3=o ton khi lng t" c$ :m2_ V*WIV*Z _Z*W g"m0t khc tho c#ng thAc 1 v tho 9G t" c$ hR ph5ng t+Lnh:(Jhi th"m gi" ph=n Ang nh#m nh`ng 8 * m"gi nh`ng 2 v 2th vG 2 )8.nXlO 2.n0g _2.n2_2.Z.Wa2 (1)2V.nXlO2.n0g _V*W (2)

i=i ph5ng t+Lnh (1)* (2) t" c$ nXl_Z.2 mol v n0g_ Z.1 molSb 9$ t" t%nh 9c mXl_2V.Z*2 _[* g"m v m0g _2.Z*1 _2* g"m chNn 9p n B

. U% d 2: Cho 1[*W g"m90n+,tc dng vi dng d!ch&Cl94m 9c. Sh t%ch kh% clo th 9c T 9iG kiRn tiQch>n l:

Z= @9 '?= B. Z*[\ l%t. C. Z*2W l%t. ]. 2*W l%t.

T#! *cng #* 1 5 *; :Mn]n#6ng @ (Mn]2.9C'd# 2= "- /0ng n# ' H! !n 5 *; :@=n[$nO4\2=n*'2 e ; PE >5 PA $!' *'! Hfng @2 PA $!'90n+, ;.< mol t= 5! >u$ a th? t"ch clo thu 5%c @ 5ktcl:;'< . ', ;'


3/26

- /0ng *cng #* 2 5 *;:mmi_ mkim loiO mion to mi ; / D.;'


4/26

U4'* khi lng hn hp h"i kim loi t+ong hn hp 9D l:.m . D'


5/26

i=i hR h"i ph5ng t+Lnh (1) v (2)* t" c$ nXl _n0g _Z*1Shnh phDn phDn t+Ym tho khi lng c;" nh#m l:

tf*[21ZZ.1*[

2V.1*Zt ==El

ChNn 9p n X.

0t >P Mi t2p t%ng tb:

b1. Cho V*\W g"m hn hp g


6/26

I Cc kim loi tc dng vi ion 81+ t+ong m#i t+`ng "&it&/&m nh tc dng vi&1+J. Cc kim

loin*Eltc dng vi ion 81+ t+ong m#i t+`ng kiGm +&G gi=i ph$ng1&J. p dng 9!nh l4t 3=o ton ldt+on* t" ghi cc 3n ph=n Ang (tho ph5ng php thYng 3ng 9iRn t hoc

ph5ng php ionIlct+on). Ni ni* &i l h$" t+! c"o nht v mol c;" kim loi thA ix nyl o&' h$" c;" 7 t+onghp cht kh% thA y v &yl mol t5ng Ang. S" c$: PiQn hR giF" mol kim loi v =n ph>m kh:

ni=i\ nj=j

PiQn hR giF"&1+Jv =n ph>m kh:

Ui1: 228 ).Z[(2.2 11&1+ nnn +=

Ui1+: +1+1&1+ nnn 228 ).1[.(2.2 +=

Ui1+: 1+1+&1+ nnn ).2[(8 +=

Ui1+: 8 2 2([ ).&1+ 1+ 1+n n n= +

Ui1&,1+J: 888 ).8[(.2 1+1&1+1&&1+ nnn ++=

PiQn hR giF" ion 7-Iv =n ph>m kh (kh#ng c$ =n ph>m kh 77-8) Sng mol 7-I_1Z.n72O W.n72- O8.n7-O1.n7-2

S%nh khi lng mi t+ong dng d!ch:mmuPi mkim loi/

81+m mkim loi/ A.6 (tao 5Ui)

Bi !n #Sn #,- &i$ '!i 5n #k >!ng 7NO3 #!)* 72


7/26

A. 5,69 gam "#4$4% gam %$% gam '# $ gamd

m /0ng (II.[#Ai '6,ng $Ai I87- : (m"nion to mi_ m"nion 3"n 9D} m"nion to kh%)

3

3

kim lo imui NO (trong mui)

etraoiNO (trong muikim loi )

+m = m n

n = n

7h`ng : Cu2

C+

/ 6 0g 2

0g+

/ 6 El8

Xl+

/ J6

nC nC 2.nC n0gn0g 2.n0g nXl nXl8.nXl

Sh :[

7+ / J6

2

7+ (1+)

[

7+ / D6

7+ (1+)

Z*Z8 Z*Z1 Z*Z Z*Z^p dng 6 3=o ton lct+on* t" c$:

2nCO 2.n0gO 8.nXl_ Z*Z8 O Z*Z _ Z*ZVv Z*ZV cng ch%nh l mol 81+ .

*hi l,-ng mui nitrat l./ 0$3% + 2$1 = %$ gam# 5 n &

U% d 8:K" t"n hon ton 11*f g hn hp g


8/26

G WhVn : Tc dng hon ton vi dung dch &1+Jthu 5%c 8 l"t kh" 1+ (>Rn phm khj du$ nh3t).BiLt cc th? t"ch kh" 5o @ 5i7u kin tiu chun. \i t c]a 8 l:

A. 2,24 lt. B. J'JA l"t. C. ,',H l"t. Q. A' l"t.i=i: t h"i kim loi X* B l 0.

I hDn 1: 0 / n&/ 0n/ / 2n

2

(1)

I hDn 2: J0 / ,n&/ / n1+J J0n/ / n1+ / n&+ (2)Sho (1): , mol c;" 0 cho 3ng mol c;" &/nh4nx

Sho (2): , mol c;" 0 cho 3ng mol c;"1/o vi &6 MNng F'


9/26

b1=o t"n hon ton m g"mElvo dng d!ch&1+J+t lo/ng thL th 9c hn hp g


10/26

(9ktc) hn hp kh% gRn phm l kh" *+(kh" mi >Pc)' * (kLt t]a mu vng)' hoc kh" &* (kh" mi tSng thPi).

Jhi gp 3i t4p dng n' cDn l E:I Jim loi c$ nhiG o&' h$" khc nh" khi ph=n Ang vi dng d!ch "cid&*+,9c n$ng u 9t o&'

h$" c"o nht.I D h@t cc kim loi ph=n Ang 9c vi&*+,9c n$ng (t+bWt*Eu) khi 9$ */At+ong&*+, 9c n$ng

3! kh vG cc mAc o&' h$" thp h5n t+ong nhFng =n ph>m nh l kh% *+*&*hoc *.I 0t kim loi nhEl*6* C* wth 9ng t+ong&*+,9c ngi.

p dng 9!nh l4t 3=o ton lct+on* t" ghi cc 3n ph=n Ang (tho ph5ng php thYng 3ng 9iRn t hocph5ng php ionIlct+on). Ni ni* &i l h$" t+! c"o nht v mol c;" kim loi thA ix nyl o&' h$" c;" *t+ong

=n ph>m kh thA y v &yl mol t5ng Ang. S" c$: PiQn hR giF" mol kim loi v =n ph>m kh:

1Z


11/26

ni=i\ nj=j PiQn hR giF"&*+,v =n ph>m kh:

=2*+&

n mol =n ph>m kh O2

1 mol lct+on nh4n

Ui *+: 222

).\(2

1*+*+*+&

nnn +=

Ui *: ***+& nnn ).Z\(2

12

+=

Ui&*: *&*&*+& nnn 222 ).2\(21 ++=

S%nh khi lng mi t+ong dng d!ch:

mmi _ mkim loiO 2*+

m _ mkim loiO f\.2

1 (t+"o 9i)

V d 1: &Ka tan hLt F'A gam hn hp O gm 6' 0g' Cu th6o t l mol D::J MNng &*+, 5c ngui 5%cdung dch X v J'JA l"t *+(5ktc). C cn dung dch X 5%c khPi l%ng muPi khan l:

A. 38,4 gam B. D' gam C. ,J', gam Q. JA'< gami=i: Ni & l mol6t+ong hn hp * n0g_ 2&* nC_8&.

[\&O2.2&O\.8&_2f*\ &_ Z*1 mol.

n|_ Z*1 mol* n0g_Z*2 mol* nC_Z*8 mol]o "cid&*+,9c ngi* nQn t kh#ng ph=n Ang.*+,G / 6 */,

Z*8 *22

8\*8

Sho 3i thAc: mmi_mC Om0gO 2*+

m _ mC Om0gO f\.2

1 (t+"o 9i)

_\.Z*8O2.Z*2 Of\.2

1Z*8 _ 8W* g"m.

ChNn 9p n X.

V d 2: &Ka tan ;'D mol El v ;' mol Cu tong dung dch &*+,5c d% thu 5%c 8 l"t *+(@ ;;C' D atm). \it c]a 8 l:

A. 3,36 B. ,',H C. 'H, Q. m ( ) c$ lhnh ( 9ktc)* mi n"t v nc. Cho 3i@t ( ) l kh% gL t+ong h"i kh% *+*&*e

Z= 72< B. ,-2 C. C= h"i kh% ]. ,i=i: nXl_ [*f : 2V _ Z*22 mol

n_ 1*WW : 22* _ Z*ZW2[ mol t+Lnh o&' h$"El: El G J6 ElJ/

11


12/26

Z*22 Z*\\n(cho) _ Z*22.8 _ Z*\\ mol

t+Lnh kh *A/: */A / ( AG# )6 *#Z*ZW2[(\I&) Z*ZW2[

n(nh4n) _ Z*ZW2[(\I&) mol( & l o&' h$" c;" , t+ong kh% )

^p dng 9!nh l4t 3=o ton lct+on* t" c$ : Z*ZW2[(\I&) _ Z*\\ & _ I2U4' l&*( t+ong 9$ , c$ o&' h$" l I2). ChNn 9p n X.

V d 5:&o tan hLt DA'J gam hn hp kim loi gm 0g' El v 6 tong dung dch &*+,5c' n!ng thu 5%c;'au phRn Sng' khPi l%ng ch3t n khan thu 5%c l:

X. P Mi t2p t%ng tb:

b1. K" t"n 2* g hn hp Cuv6c$ t lQ{ mol 1:1 vo dng d!ch&*+,9Y{c* n$ng. J@t thzc ph=n Ang th9c Z*Z[ mol m#{t =n ph>m kh d' nht c$ chA" l hnh. c 9!nh =n ph>m 9$:

Z=


13/26

X. 0g. B. Xl. C. |. D= C=1b= Cho 1*g hn hp g


14/26


b1. Cho 1W* g hn hp kim loi X* B t"n h@t t+ong dng d!ch hn hp gm kh khc). Shnh phDn tho khi lng c;" Xlt+ong hn hp 9D l:Z= 29a B. [2*88 C. 1*W\ ]. W8*V2

b. K" t"n hon ton 1*Wg hn hp kim loi6v Cuvo lng d dng d!ch hn hp&1+Jv &*+,94m9c* n$ng. ," ph=n Ang th 9c 1Z*ZW l%t kh%1+v 2*2 l%t *+(9ktc). Jhi lng | t+ong hn hp:

X. [*\g B= W94g C* 1Wg ]. 1W*2gb=Cho 8*2 g"m 3t 9m to thnh c$ chA" cc mi m t" th`ng gp nh mi n"t*+,I(c$ 9iRn t%ch l I2)* mi nit+"t1+JI* ( c$ 9iRn t%ch l I1)* mi h"logn I( c$ 9iRn t%ch l I1)* ... Shnh phDnc;" mi g


15/26

S" c$: -2 O 2-2I

82

\*[Z*V

mmi_ mkim loiO mgc "cid_ W*Z2

V*Z.f\2*V =+ g. p n ].

V d 3: Cho ', gam hn hp kim loi Eg' El' 0g tan hLt tong &*+,5c n!ng thu 5%c hn hp >Rn phm khjgm ;';D< mol * v ;';D< mol &*. C cn dung dch >au phRn Sng 5%c l%ng muPi khan l:

E. D'A< g B. D


16/26

ba. Cho 2*1\ g kim loi0gtc dng vi dng d!ch&1+Jd th 9c Z*Wf\ l%t kh% 1+(9ktc) v dng d!ch .Jhi lng mi kh"n th 9c khi lm 3"' h5i dng d!ch l:

Z= 139a2 g B. W*WW g C. 18*82 g ]. \*[2 g1b=K" t"n h@t 12 g hn hp kim loi * vo dng d!ch&1+Jth 9c m g"m mi kh"n v 1*12 l%t kh% 72(9ktc). SLm gi t+! c;" m:

X. 8 g B. g C= 43 g ]. 88 g11. Cho 1*8[g g


17/26

8.Z*1W Z*1W-2 O 2-2I

" " (vi " l mol -29/ o&' h$" |)

(nh4n) _ Z*8\ O Z*1W.8 O " _ Z*f O " (mol)Sho PBS lct+on* t" c$: nh4n _ nh`ng

_ Z*f O " _8&

[\

0t khc* tho PBSJP: khi lng hn hp +n X l:m|O m-2_ 1Z*W (g"m)

h"' & O 82" _ 1Z*W (2)i=i hR h"i ph5ng t+Lnh (1) v (2)* t" c$ & _ VW* g"m. ChNn 9p n C.

V d 2: (T"ch 57 thi vo f&*W & 1i DFFH) f? m gam Mt >t (E) ngoi khng kh"' >au mt th4i gian MiLnthnh hn hp (B) c! khPi l%ng D gam gm 6' 6+' 6J+,' 6+J. Cho B tc dng hon ton vi dung dch

&1+Jth3$ >inh a ',l kh" 1+ du$ nh3t @ 5ktc. T"nh m.A. 20,08 g B. J;';H g C. D'H g Q. ';H g

i=i: 88882 )()***( 82 1+6+66++66hhE6 &1++

, mol do | nh`ng ph=i 3ng mol do o&' th v

[+

1 c;"&1+Jth:S" c$: 8.

*22

2*2.

82

128.

[\+

=

mm

i=i +" m _ 2Z*ZWg. p n X.

V d 3:f? a gam Mt >t ngoi khng kh"' >au mt th4i gian >q chu$?n thnh hn hp E c! khPi l%ng l P Mi t2p t%ng tb :

I. Bi - J &i$ '!i "* /0ng i /ng /*# 5i

Bi 1: Cho 1*W\ g hn hp 0g v Xl vo dng d!ch 7-8lo/ng d " ph=n Ang th 9c [\Z ml 72- ( 9ktc) l=n ph>m kh d' nht . S%nh vG khi lng c;" mi kim loi t+ong hn hp 3"n 9D.

1V


18/26

Bi 2: Cho W*82 g"m C tc dng vb" 9; vi 12Z ml dng d!ch 7-8" ph=n Ang th 9c *f2W lit (9ktc) hnhp 7- v 7-2. t%nh nm kh khc). SLm kim loi 0

Bi 4: o t"n hon ton 2*1\ g"m Xl t+ong dng d!ch 7-810 th 9c 1*282 l%t hn hp B g


19/26

Bi 1V:Cho " g"m 3t t tc dng vi o&i t+ong 9iG kiRn th%ch hp th 9c hn hp B gm kh d' nht .S%nh "

Bi 1W: Cho W* g"m | tc dng vi ZZml dng d!ch 7-810 * " ph=n Ang th 9c dng d!ch v =nph>m kh d' nht l 7-. C# cn dng d!ch thL th 9c 3"o nhiQ g"m mi kh"n.

Bi 1f: cho m g"m t tc dng vi dng d!ch 7-8" ph=n Ang th 9c dng d!ch x Z*1mol 7- (pk d'nht ) v 2 g"m kim loi. S%nh m

Bi 2Z: cho 11*2 g"m | vo 1lit dng d!ch 7-8Z*\0 th 9c dng d!ch v 7- l pk d' nht . " ph=nAng c# cn dng d!ch thL th 9c 3"o nhiQ g"m mi kh"n.

Bi 21: cho 2[*\ g"m C vo dng d!ch 7-8" ph=n Ang th 9c hn hp v *Wl%t (9ktc) kh% 7- d'nht . Cho ti@p 1ZZml dng d!ch Cl Z*W 0 vo thL c$ th 9c kh% nF" kh#ng* 3"o nhiQ lit(9ktc)

Bi 22: Cho 12g"m 0g vo 2ZZml dng d!ch 7-810 " ph=n Ang th 9c hn hp v kh% 7- (gi= lpk d' nht ). Cho ti@p [ZZml dng d!ch 2,-10(lo/ng) vo gi= chM to +" 2 pk l 7- v 2vi tng tht%ch l & l%t (9ktc) * t%nh &Bi 28: o" t"n ho"n to"n m g"m ho/n h#p 2 kim lo"i * (co? ho"? t+K d' nh"t) t+ong dng dKch "&it7-8th #c ho/n h#p kh% B gom Z*Z8 mol 7-2v" Z*Z2 mol 7-. ,o mol 7-8" th"m gi" ph"n ?ngl":

Bi 2:6oa7 tan 897a :u; gam ho5 2 kim loa>i ?$ @ (coA hoaA trB CuD nhat) trongCung CBch ho5 2 aEit 6NO38a7 62O4thF thu :9>c 2$GG lHt ho5 khH " go.mNO28a7 O2(:ktc) coA khoi l9>ng la7 %$GG gam# &oI ca>n Cung CBch Jau 5ha;n 9Ang thu:9>c m gam muoi khan# KiaA trB cu;a m la7/

Bi 2\:&ho 4$4 gam ho5 ? go.m Le$ LeO$ Le3O45ha;n 9Ang het 8Ai Cung CBch6NO3C9 thu :9>c 33 ml khH NO (:ktc$ Ja;n 5haMm kh9; CuD nhat)# o mol 6NO3:a

5ha;n 9Ang la7/

Bi 2V/ &ho 0$4 gam ho5 Le 8a7 & trong :oA Le chiem %3$G% 8e. khoi l9>ng5ha;n 9Ang 8Ai Cung CBch 6NO3:aPc noAng$ C9 thu :9>c Q lHt khH (:ktc)$ giaA trB cu;a Qla7/

Bi 2W: ReM hoa7 tan het $ mol Le thF ca.n Jo mol 6NO3toi thieMu la7 (Ja;n 5haMmkh9; CuD nhat la7 NO)/

Bi 2f/ Nung G$ gam Le trong khoIng khH :9>c ho5 S go.m LeO$ Le2O38a7 Le3O4#ReM ho7a tan hoa7n toa7n S ca.n toi thieMu $% lHt Cung CBch 6NO30T$ thoaAt ra khH NO

CuD nhat (:ktc)# o mol khH NO UaD ra la7/Bi 8Z/ 6oa7 tan het ho5 go.m $0 &u2$ $0 mol &uLe28a7 a mol Le2trong CungCBch 6NO3thu :9>c Cung CBch ? ch ch9Aa muoi Jun5hat# &ho ? taAc Cu>ng 8Ai CungCBch "a(O6)2C9 ro.i laD ket tu;a :em nung :en khoi l9>ng khoIng :oMi thu :9>c mgam chat raVn$ m coA giaA trB/

Bi 81/ ReM kh9; hoa7n toa7n 3$4 gam ho5 ? go.m LeO$ L2O3$ Le3O4ca.n $% mol62# TaPt khaAc hoa7 tan hoa7n toa7n 3$4 gam ho5 ? trong Cung CBch 62O4:aPcthu :9>c Q lHt (:ktc) khH O2CuD nhat# KiaA trB cu;a Q la7/

Bi 82/ &ho 0$2 gam kim loa>i T (coA hoAa trB khoIng :oMi) taAc Cu>ng het 8Ai $ mol

O2 thu :9>c chat raVn ?# &ho ? taAc Cu>ng hoa7n toa7n 8Ai Cung CBch 6&l thu :9>c03$44 lHt khH 62 (:ktc)# *im loa>i T la7/

1f


20/26

Bi 88/ ReM ho7a tan hoa7n toa7n m gam ho5 Ua kim loa>i ?$ @$ W (:e.u coA hoAa trBCuD nhat) ca.n toi thieMu 2% ml Cung CBch 6NO3 a T khoIng thaD khH thoaAt ra 8a7thu :9>c Cung CBch S# Neu cho NaO6 8a7o Cung CBch S thaD thoaAt ra khH la7m EanhXuD7 aMm# Neu coI ca>n Cung CBch S caMn thaYn thu :9>c (m + 20$) gam muoi khan#KiaA trB cu;a a la7/

Bi 8/ 6o7a tan hoa7n toa7n ho5 go.m $0 mol $ $3 mol Le 8a7 a molLe2 trong Cung CBch 6NO3 thu :9>c Q lHt khH NO CuD nhat (:ktc) 8a7 Cung CBch ? ch

ch9Aa muoi JuaZat# KiaA trB cu;a Q la7/Bi 8[/ 6oa7 tan hoa7n toa7n 4$ gam ho5 ? go.m Le$ LeO$ Le2O3$ Le3O4 Uang62O4 :aPc noAng thu :9>c Cung CBch @ 8a7 G$ lHt khH O2 (:ktc)# *hoi l9>ng muoicoA trong Cung CBch @ la7/

Cq 3: l kim loi thc phHn nh$m ch%nh nh$m ~~ (h"' nh$m ~~X). Cho 1*V g"m hn hp gm kh d' nht* T9ktc). Jh% l

Cq 3W: o t"n h@t V*V g"m hn hp 3t 0g* Xl 3ng [ZZ ml dng d!ch hn hp Cl 10 v 2,-Z*2W0 th9c dng d!ch v W*V8\ l%t kh% 2(T 9ktc). C# cn dng d!ch th 9c lng mi kh"n l

Cq 3a: Cho 8*2 g"m 3t C tc dng vi 1ZZ ml dng d!ch hn hp g


21/26

1. (f7 tu$?n >inh f&GCf 9hPi B n_m ;;)7ng m g"m t t+ong o&' d th 9c 8 g"m hn hp cht +n . K" t"n h@t hn hp t+ong dng d!ch&1+Jd thot +" Z*[\ l%t kh% (9ktc)1+(l =n ph>m kh d' nht). m l :

X. 2*22 g B. 2*\2 g C= 29@2 g ]. 2*82 g2= m g"m 3t t ngoi kh#ng kh% " mt th`i gi"n th 9c \ g"m hn hp cc cht +n. K" t"n hon ton

hn hp 9$ 3ng dng d!ch&1+Jth 9c 1*12 l%t kh%1+d' nht (9ktc). i t+! c;" m l :X. 1Z*ZW g B. 1*ZW g C= @9b4 g ]. Z*[Z g

b3= " g"m 3t t ngoi kh#ng kh% " mt th`i gi"n th 9c V[*2 g"m hn hp cht +n . K" t"n h@t hn

hp t+ong dng d!ch&*+,9c n$ng (d)* thot +" \*V2 l%t (T 9ktc) ,- 2(l =n ph>m kh d' nht). i t+!c;" " l:Z= @ g5$= B. 11*2 g"m. C. 22* g"m. ]. 2[*2 g"m.

b4. Cho 1\*2 g"m kim loi 0* h$" t+! n tc dng vi Z*1[ mol +. Cht +n th 9c " ph=n Ang cho hK" t"nhon ton vo dng d!ch&Cld th 9c 18* l%t kh%&(9ktc). Jim loi 0 l :

X. | B= Z' C. C ]. jnb@. l hn hp g


22/26

I S%nh mol kim loi v ion kim loi t+ong mi v mol lct+on t5ng Ang.I ,o nh mol lct+on nh`ng v nh4n 9 &c 9!nh cht d v cht [email protected] c 9!nh cht +n v t%nh ton.

V d 1: &Ka tan hLt hn hp Mt gm A'< gam n v ,'H gam 0g cVn 8 ml dung dch X chSa Cu*+,;'< 0 vEg1+J;' 0. \i t c]a 8 l:

E. ;; B. J;; C. ,;; D. 500i=i: njn_Z*1 mol* n0g_Z*2 mol. Ni U l%t l th t%ch dng d!ch.

jn I 2 jn2O C2O O2 C

Z*1 Z*2 Z*[U1U 0g I2 0g2O XgO O1 Xg

Z*2 Z* Z*2UZ*2U (nh`ng)_Z*2OZ*_Z*\ mol (nh4n)_Z*2UOU_1*2U mol hn hp 3t 3! hK" t"n h@t thL: (nh`ng)_ (nh4n)1*2U_Z*\ U_Z*[ l%t _ [ZZ ml. p n ].

V d 2: 0t hn hp O gm El v 6 c! khPi l%ng H'Jg. Cho O vo Dlit dung dch E chSa Eg1+J;'D0 vCu(1+J);'0. *au khi phRn Sng kLt thsc 5%c ch3t n B (hon ton khng tc dng vi dung dch &Cl) vdung dchC (hon ton khng c! mu #anh c]a Cu/). T"nh khPi l%ng ch3t n B v `El tong hn hp.

E. J'Ag `El J'


23/26

S71: 1v 2nh`ng cho Cu/9 ch'n thnh Cu" 9$ Culi nh`ng cho[

7+

9 thnh2

7+

(7-). ,

mol do 1v 2nh`ng +" l[

7+

/ J6 2

7+

Z*1[ Z[*Z*22

12*1=

S72: 1v 2t+6c ti@p nh`ng cho[

7+

9 to +" 72. Ni & l mol 72* thL mol th vo l

2

[

7

+

O 1Z

Z

27 1Z& & molS" c$: 1Z& _ Z*1[ & _ Z*Z1[

2N

Q _ 22*.Z*Z1[ _ Z*88\ l%t.fp n B.


1= Cho hn hp 3t gP Mi ton khc. Bi t2p tUng hp.

V d 1: 9hi 5Pt n!ng ';< gam muPi 9Cl+Jthu 5%c ', lit kh" +v mt hn hp ch3t n gm muPi kalip6cloat v kali cloua. Oc 5nh khPi l%ng cc muPi to thnh.

E. ,'F g 9Cl v DJ'HH g 9Cl+J B. ';< g 9Cl v D,'F< g 9Cl+,C. 7,0775 g $Cl ! 11,7725 g $Cl4 E. DD'< g 9Cl v D;'< g 9Cl+J

i=i:8 2JCl- -

22*Z[ 2*2n Z*1W(mol)xn Z*1(mol)

122*[ 22*= = = =

Ni mol c;"9Cl v9Cl+,lDn lt l & v '. t+Lnh nh`ng : [ 1Cl \ Cl

+

+

& \& &

t+Lnh nh4n : [ VCl 2 Cl+ +

' 2' ' +G G ,6 w + Z* Z*1Sho PBS lct+on: \& _ Z* O 2' \& I 2' _ Z* 8& I ' _ Z*2 (1)0t khc: & O ' _ Z*1W (2)

Sb (1)* (2) ' +":

JClJCl-

m Z*Zf[.V*[ V*ZVV[(g)& Z*Zf[ m Z*ZW[.18W*[ 11*VV2[(g)' Z*ZW[

= == = ==

28


24/26

U4' 9p n 9zng l C.

V d 2:&Ka tan hon ton D', gam hn hp J kim loi El' 6' 0g tong dung dch &Cl th3$ thot a DJ',, litkh". 1Lu cho H' gam hn hp tc dng dung dch 1a+& d% thu 5%c J'JA lit kh" (5ktc). 82$ cho J,'H gam hnhp tn tc dng vi dung dch Cu*+,d%' lxc l3$ ton M ch3t n thu 5%c >au phRn Sng tc dng vi dungdch &1+J n!ng' d% thy thu 5%c 8 lit kh" 1+. Th? t"ch kh" 1+(5ktc) thu 5%c l:

E. A'HHl B. 53,76l C. DJ',,l Q. ,,'Hl

i=i:2

18*

n Z*\(mol)

22*= =

t ton 3 t+Lnh ph=n Ang thL:El*0g*6nh`ng x&/(&Cl)' Cu/nh4n .0: &/ / 6 w & Cu/ / 6 w Cu9G nh4n 2 lct+on.

7Qn 6(&/) nh%4ng 6(Cu/) nh2n 22 CCn n n+= =

t+Lnh nh4n c;"&1+J:[ .

7 C 7

+ +

+

6( [7+ ) nh2n 6(Cu) nh%4ng

S+ong 8*Wg hn hp: 27- Cn 2n 2.Z*\.2 2*(mol)= = =

27-U 2*.22* [8*V\(l) = = . p n B.

V d 3:fPt ch$ a gam 6* tong +d%' thu kh" *+. Tn *+vi D l%ng +i nung hn hp c! #sc tc 8+m kh d' nht. i t+! c;" m l:Z= 29@2 g B. 1*f\ g C. 8*8\ g ]. 2*1Z gb@=(f7 tu$?n >inh f&GCf khPi EG;;)

K" t"n [*\ g"m63ng dng d!ch&*+,lo/ng d th 9c dng d!ch . ]ng d!ch ph=n Ang vb" 9; viU ml 9ng d!ch90n+,Z*[0. i t+! c;" U l:

X. 2Z ml B= 4b $' C. \Z ml ]. WZ mlb=Cho m g"m hn hp0g*Elvo 2[Z ml dng d!ch chA" h"i "icd&Cl 10 v&*+,Z*[0 th 9c [*82 l%t

kh%& (9ktc) v dng d!ch coi th t%ch dng d!ch kh#ng 9i. ]ng d!ch c$ p l:Z= 1 B. 2 C. \ ]. V

b= (f7 tu$?n >inh f&GCf khPi EG;;H)Cho 8*2 g"m Cutc dng vi 1ZZ ml dng chA" h"i "cid &1+JZ*W0 v&*+,Z*2 0. ," khi ph=n Ang &='

+" hon ton inh +" U l%t kh%1+(9ktc) l =n ph>m kh d' nht. i t+! c;" U l:X. Z*V\ B. Z*W C. 1*Vf2 D= b92bW= (f7 tu$?n >inh f&GCf khPi EG;;H) 7ng m g"m hn hp 3tElv6+J(t+ong m#i t+`ng kh#ng c$ kh#ng kh%) 9@n ph=n Ang &=' +" hon ton

th 9c hn hp cht +n * chi" thnh h"i phDn 3ng nh":[ hDn 1: Cho tc dng vi&*+,lo/ng d*inh +" 8*ZW l%t kh%&(9ktc).[ hDn 2: Cho tc dng vi1a+&d inh +" Z*W l%t kh%&(9ktc). i t+! m l:

Z= 229@ B. 2*fZ C. 2f* ]. 2f.8

ba= o t"n hon ton 1f*2 g"m Cu3ng dng d!ch&1+J* ton 3 lng kh%1+th 9c 9m o&' h$" thnh1++


26/26

1b= Cho 1\*2 g"m kim loi 0 (h$" t+! kh#ng 9i) tc dng vi Z*1[ mol o&'. Cht +n th 9c " ph=n &ong chohK" t"n hon ton vo dng d!ch Cl d th 9c 18* l%t&(9ktc). c 9!nh kim loi 0 (3i@t cc ph=n Ang &='+" hon ton). Z= Z' B. | C. C ]. 0g11= S+n Z*[ g 3t nh#m vi 3t6+Jv Cu++

tuyen tap bao toan electron rat hay

Documents