tutorial: modelling and simulation - renewable resources and

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Prof Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt PhD | [email protected] | Copyright © 2015, Madrid, Spain, 8 June 2015 1/120

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@fglongatt

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.fglongatt.org/


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Copyright Notice

The documents are created by Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt and contain copyrighted material, trademarks, and other proprietary information. All rights reserved. No part of the documents may be reproduced or

copied in any form or by any means - such as graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems without the prior written permission of Francisco M.

Gonzalez-Longatt . The use of these documents by you, or anyone else authorized by you, is prohibited unless specifically permitted by Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt. You may not alter or remove any

trademark, copyright or other notice from the documents. The documents are provided “as is” and Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt shall not have any responsibility or liability whatsoever for the results of use of the

documents by you.

@fglongatt

fglongatt.org


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• This seminar is designed to present a general

overview of:

– Main features of Modelling and Simulation of

PowerFactory.

– Models included in PowerFactory for Renewables

and Storage.

– DigSILENT Simulation Language (DSL).

– Main features of the Book.


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• Basic PowerFactory Concepts

• Overview of System Analysis Functions

• Dynamic Modelling with PowerFactory

• Types of Wind Turbines Technologies

• WTG Models for Load Flow and Short Circuit

Calculation

• Global “Templates” library

• WTG Models for Dynamic Simulation

• Fully Rated WTG Template

• PV and Battery Energy Storing System (BESS)

• The Book…


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• The calculation program PowerFactory, as written byDIgSILENT.

• It is a computer aided engineering tool for the analysisof industrial, utility, and commercial electrical powersystems.

• It has been designed as an advanced integrated andinteractive software package dedicated to electricalpower system and control analysis in order to achievethe main objectives of planning and operationoptimization.

http://www.digsilent.de/

Dr. Martin Schmieg


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• The name DIgSILENT stands for "DIgital SImuLationand Electrical NeTwork calculation program''.

• DIgSILENT Version 7 was the world's first powersystem analysis software with an integratedgraphical one-line interface.

• That interactive one-line diagram included drawingfunctions, editing capabilities and all relevant static anddynamic calculation features.


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• DIgSILENT power system calculation package was

designed as an integrated engineering tool.

• It provides a complete 'walk-around' technique

through all available functions, rather than a

collection of different software modules.

• PowerFactory Version 14, DIgSILENT represents a

further step towards seamless integration of

functionality and data management within a

multi-user environment.


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• There are three basic integration characteristics

that contribute to make PowerFactory a unique

power system analysis tool:

a) Functional integration

c) Vertical integration

b) Database integration


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• DIgSILENT PowerFactory software is implemented

as a single executable program, and is fully

compatible with Windows 95/98/NT/2000/XP/Vista.


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• Vertically integrated power equipment model

concept allowing models to be shared by all

analysis functions

DATA


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• DIgSILENT PowerFactory provides optimal

organization of data and definitions required to

perform any type of calculation, memorization of

settings or software operation options.


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• The PowerFactory database environment fully

integrates all data required for defining cases,

operation scenarios, single-line graphics, outputs,

run conditions, calculation options, graphics, user-

defined models, etc.Project Manager

Visioning andPublishing

Master and DeviceCompare and Merge

Single Database Concepts: all data for standard and advanced functions are organized in a single, integrated database.


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• Project Management: All the data that defines a powersystem model and allows its calculation is stored in socalled 'Project' folders within the database.

• Inside a 'Project', folders called 'Study Cases' are usedto define different studies of the system considering thecomplete network, only parts of it or variations on itscurrent state.


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• This 'project and study case' approach to define and

manage power system studies is a unique application of

the object-oriented software principle.

• Standard software packages often require the user to

create a large number of similar saved cases, with

multiple nested directories for large complex networks

and studies.

• This approach of the structure is both easy to use while

avoiding redundancy.


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This Section Presents a General Overview of the

Supported PowerFactory Functions


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OHL parameter calculation

Cable parameter calculation

Asynchronous Machine

parameter estimation

Reliability analysis Optimal Power

flow Economic Dispatch

Power Flow

AC/DCPowerflow

Balanced/un-balanced

Active power and reactive power

controls

Fault Analysis

IEC 60909IEC 61363

ANSI C37.4G74

Complete methodGeneral

faults/Multiple faults

State Estimation

Protection Functions Protection Simulation

Network reduction

Contingency Analysis

Voltage Stability Analysis

Power Flow Sensitivities

Distribution Network Analysis

Harmonic Analysis Ripple Control

Distribution Network Optimization

Flexible DSL – ModellingDIgSILENT Simulation Language

RMS Simulation with abc Phase Representation

Long-Term Stability

Transient Motor Starting

Real-Time Simulation

Electromagnetic transient (EMT)

System Parameter identification

Radial and Meshed 1-4 Phase AC grids and DC Grids

Transmission and Distribution Industry Wind Power PV System Railway Smart Grid

Applic

ations

Grid

Pow

er

Syste

m A

naly

sis

Functions

Source: DigSILENT PowerFactory

http://www.digsilent.de/images/Software/DIgSILENT_PowerFactory/overview150.png

@fglongatt


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• PowerFactory offers a wide variety of calculationcommands, of which the:– Load Flow Analysis

– Short-Circuit Analysis

– Harmonics Analysis

– Stability and EMT Simulations

– Modal Analysis / Eigenvalue Calculation

– Model Parameter Identification

– Contingency Analysis

– Reliability Assessment

– Optimal Power Flow

– Optimization Tools for Distribution Networks

– Protection

– Network Reduction

– State Estimation


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• DigSILENT PowerFactory, NetomacTM and

SimpowTM, offer both dynamic and instantaneous

value modes of simulation.

@fglongatt


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• Stability analysis calculations are typically based on

predefined system models.

• When no IEEE models exist a powerful tools for

user defined modelling are required.

• For systems and configurations for which no IEEE

models exist, Dynamic Simulation Language

(DSL) could be used

• High specialised and exact models can be created in

PowerFactory.


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• The Dynamic Simulation Language (DSL) is a powerfulfeature of DIgSILENT.

• DSL itself can be looked upon as an add-on to thetransient analysis functionality of PowerFactory.

• During the simulation, the model equations of the DSLmodels are combined with those describing thedynamic behaviour of the power systemcomponents.

• DSL and System equations are then evaluated together,leading to an integrated transient simulation of thecombination of the power system and its controllers.


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• Two types of models in DIgSILENT are presented :

1. Built-in models, which are standard electrical component

models, already existing in the DIgSILENT library.

2. DSL models, which are created by the user in the

dynamic simulation language DSL.

DSL Models Built-in Models


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• The "DIgSILENT Simulation Language" is used to

define new dynamic controllers which receive

input signals from the simulated power system and

which react by changing some other signals.

Approx. 3000

predefined signals

(voltages, currents,

impedances, parameters,

switches, log variables,…)

Interrupt handling

Numerical integration

Output processing

Automatic generation of

Jacobian elements and

system sub-matrices

DSL

Model 1

DSL

Model 2

DSL

Model n

DSL

Model n

DSL

Model n

Interrupt signals;

FAULT (expression, command)

Program internal signals and parameters

Output signals

Interrupt signals

Output signals

Interrupt signals

Interrupt signals;

FAULT (expression, command)

Variable addresses

element: variable

Domain

Domain


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• PowerFactory modelling philosophy is targeted

towards a strictly hierarchical system modelling

approach.

Hierarchical

system

modelling

Block

Block Frame

Model

Model Frame

User

@fglongatt

Block

Block Frame

Model

Model Frame


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form

with

out p

erm

issi

on o

f the

aut

hor.

Cop

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• This approach combines both graphical and script-

based modelling methods.

Hierarchical

system

modelling

Graphical

Script based

Graphical

Block Diagrams

Script Based

Programming

@fglongatt


Sem

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Cop

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t.org

Composite model 1

Composite model 2

Model Definition

Common model 1dsl

Common model 2dsl

Composite Frame

+ Library

Slot A

Slot B

B

A

B

A

Network Element 1

Network Element 2

+ Library+Network Data

@fglongatt


Sem

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ay b

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prod

uced

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ribut

ed in

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form

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Cop

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Cop

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• Wind Generation Modeling Group (WGMG) of the

Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC)

• Working Group on Dynamic Performance of Wind

Power Generation of IEEE Power System

Dynamic Performance Committee

• They have developed and provided specification of

generic wind turbine generator (WTG) models.

• PowerFactory uses IEC 61400-27-1 and WECC

http://ewh.ieee.org/soc/pes/psdpc/documents/IEEE_PES_WG_DPWG_072412_Meeting_and_Panel.pdf


https://www.wecc.biz/Pages/home.aspx

http://ewh.ieee.org/soc/pes/psdpc/documents/IEEE_PES_WG_DPWG_072412_Meeting_and_Panel.pdf

Sem

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Cop

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• This modular structure has many similarities with the

first generation of WECC generic WTG model, but

also some major differences:

– The IEC structure separates the wind turbine

model from the wind plant model

– All the IEC models refer to a common modular

structure which applies for all wind turbine type

models.

– The common structure explicitly separates the

aerodynamic, mechanical, generator-system,

electrical and control modules and adds a grid

protection module.


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Cop

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• The horizontal sequence of blocks in the middle

reflects the physical power flow, while protection and

control is shown above and below respectively.

Depending on the type of wind turbine, some of the

modules can be omitted.

@fglongatt


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uced

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ribut

ed in

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form

with

out p

erm

issi

on o

f the

aut

hor.

Cop

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• Despite the seemingly large variety of utility-scale

WTGs in the market, each can be classified in one

of four basic types:

Type-1 – Fixed-speed,

induction generator

Type-2 – Variable slip,

induction generators

with variable rotor

resistance

Type-3 – Variable

speed, doubly-fed

asynchronous

generators with rotor-

side converter

Type-4 – Variable speed

generators with full

converter interface


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form

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f the

aut

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Cop

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Four basic types, based on

the WTG technology:

Type 1 – Fixed-speed, conventional

induction generators

Variable Slip WTG

Type 2 – Induction generators with

variable rotor resistance

Variable Speed WTGs

Type 3 – Doubly-fed asynchronous

generators with rotor-side converter

Type 4 – Asynchronous generators

with full converter interface

Var

Compensation

Single

cage

induction

generator

Gearbox

mecP

genP

Grid

IsUs

Double-fed

induction

generator

Gearbox

ac/dc dc/acDC

link

Ir

Ur

genP

Filter

gensP

Grid

gensP

mecP

Is

Us

Synchronous or

Asynchronous

Generator

Optional

Gearboxac/dc dc/acDC

link

genP

Grid

mecP

Filter

IsUs

Wound Rotor

induction

generator

Gearbox

ac/dc

Ur

genP

mecP

Var

Compensation

Grid

Type 1 Type 2

Type 3 Type 4

@fglongatt


Sem

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s re

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s pu

blic

atio

n m

ay b

e re

prod

uced

or

dist

ribut

ed in

any

form

with

out p

erm

issi

on o

f the

aut

hor.

Cop

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IEC 61400-27-1 WECC generic WTG

model


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ay b

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prod

uced

or

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ribut

ed in

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form

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on o

f the

aut

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Cop

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• The oldest technologies used in wind turbine

generators.

Var

Compensation

Single

cage

induction

generator

Gearbox

mecP

genP

Grid

This type of turbine is very rugged and very simple in its construction.

The induction generator used in most of the turbines is usually type A or type B,

operating in a low slip range between 0 ‐ 1%.


Sem

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ay b

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uced

or

dist

ribut

ed in

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form

with

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erm

issi

on o

f the

aut

hor.

Cop

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ttp:w

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Wind

Turbine

Model

Generator

Model

Pseudo

Governor

Model

Shaft Speed

Real Power

Terminal voltage

genP

genQ

Var

Compensation

Single

cage

induction

generator

Gearbox

mecP

genP

Grid

Source: A. Ellis et al.

“Description and Technical

Specifications for Generic WTG

Models – A Status Report”

2011 IEEE/PES Power

Systems Conference and

Exposition (PSCE).


Sem

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blic

atio

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ay b

e re

prod

uced

or

dist

ribut

ed in

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form

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on o

f the

aut

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Cop

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• Wind turbine type 2 is a wound rotor induction

generator with adjustable external resistors.

The adjustable external resistor is implemented by a combination of external (three phase)

resistors connected in parallel with power electronics circuit (diode‐bridge and DC

chopper).

IsUs

Wound Rotor

induction

generator

Gearbox

ac/dc

Ur

genP

mecP

Var

Compensation

Grid


Sem

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rt o

f thi

s pu

blic

atio

n m

ay b

e re

prod

uced

or

dist

ribut

ed in

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form

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out p

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on o

f the

aut

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Cop

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ttp:w

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Wind

Turbine

Model

Generator

Model

Pseudo

Governor

Model

Shaft Speed Real

Power

Terminal voltage

genP

genQRotor Resistance

Real Power

Rotor

Resistance

Control

Model

“Aero” Torque

IsUs

Wound Rotor

induction

generator

Gearbox

ac/dc

Ur

genP

mecP

Var

Compensation

Grid

Source: A. Ellis et al. “Description

and Technical Specifications for

Generic WTG Models – A Status

Report” 2011 IEEE/PES Power

Systems Conference and

Exposition (PSCE).


Sem

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rt o

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s pu

blic

atio

n m

ay b

e re

prod

uced

or

dist

ribut

ed in

any

form

with

out p

erm

issi

on o

f the

aut

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Cop

yrig

ht ©

201

5. h

ttp:w

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• This is a variable speed wind turbine generator

employing a wound rotor induction generator.

Source: www.nordex-online.com

IsUs

Double-fed

induction

generator

Gearbox

ac/dc dc/acDC

link

Ir

Ur

genP

Filter

gensP

Grid

gensP

mecP

It is usually design to operate at + 30%

slip.

A variable frequency power converter is

connected to the rotor winding.

The power converter is ac‐dc‐ac system.

The power converter is usually the

current‐regulated pulse‐width

modulation (CRPWM) type.


Sem

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rt o

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s pu

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ay b

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uced

or

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ribut

ed in

any

form

with

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on o

f the

aut

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Cop

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Wind

Turbine

Model

Generator/

Converter

Model

Pitch Control

Model

Shaft Speed Real

Power

Terminal voltage

genP

genQCommand Ip

Converter

Control

Model

Blade Picth

Power

order

Regulated Bus

Voltage

Speed

Orde

Command Eq

Real & Reactive

Power

IsUs

Double-fed

induction

generator

Gearbox

ac/dc dc/acDC

link

Ir

Ur

genP

Filter

gensP

Grid

gensP

mecP

Source: A. Ellis et al. “Description and

Technical Specifications for Generic WTG

Models – A Status Report” 2011 IEEE/PES

Power Systems Conference and Exposition

(PSCE).


Sem

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and

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15.2


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right

s re

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rt o

f thi

s pu

blic

atio

n m

ay b

e re

prod

uced

or

dist

ribut

ed in

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form

with

out p

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issi

on o

f the

aut

hor.

Cop

yrig

ht ©

201

5. h

ttp:w

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• Wind turbine type 4 is a variable‐speed wind

turbine generator.

• The output of the generator is passed through the

power converter to the grid.

Source: www.multibrid.de

Is

Us

Synchronous or

Asynchronous

Generator

Optional


link

genP

Grid

mecP

Filter

Full

Converter

Interface


Sem

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All

right

s re

serv

ed. N

o pa

rt o

f thi

s pu

blic

atio

n m

ay b

e re

prod

uced

or

dist

ribut

ed in

any

form

with

out p

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issi

on o

f the

aut

hor.

Cop

yrig

ht ©

201

5. h

ttp:w

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Wind

Turbine

Model

Generator/

Converter

Model

Real

Power

Terminal voltage

genP

genQCommand Ip

Converter

Control

Model

Power order

Regulated Bus

Voltage

Command Eq

Real & Reactive

Power

Is

Us

Synchronous or

Asynchronous

Generator

Optional


link

genP

Grid

mecP

Filter

Source: A. Ellis et al. “Description and

Technical Specifications for Generic WTG

Models – A Status Report” 2011 IEEE/PES

Power Systems Conference and Exposition

(PSCE).


Sem

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and

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s re

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rt o

f thi

s pu

blic

atio

n m

ay b

e re

prod

uced

or

dist

ribut

ed in

any

form

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on o

f the

aut

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Cop

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Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator

Is

Us

Permanent

Magnet

Synchronous

Generator

Gearbox ac/dc dc/acDC

link

genP

Grid

mecP

PMSGCH

GSCRSC

On the market, this system have been used in Spanish manufacturer Made, GE

multi-megawatt series.

The 2.5 MW Clipper Liberty turbine type, which features four 660 kW PMSGs, has

also used this concept.

Zephyros (currently Harakosan) and

Mitsubishi are using this concept in 2 MW

wind turbines on the market


Sem

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right

s re

serv

ed. N

o pa

rt o

f thi

s pu

blic

atio

n m

ay b

e re

prod

uced

or

dist

ribut

ed in

any

form

with

out p

erm

issi

on o

f the

aut

hor.

Cop

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ht ©

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Is

Us

Induction

Machine

Gearbox ac/dc dc/acDC

link

genP

Grid

mecP

IMCH

GSCMSC

Siemens is using this concept in the model of SWT-3.6-107on the market

Siemens Wind

Turbine SWT-3.6-107

Sourc

e: w

ww

.sie

men

s.co

m/w

ind


Sem

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rt o

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s pu

blic

atio

n m

ay b

e re

prod

uced

or

dist

ribut

ed in

any

form

with

out p

erm

issi

on o

f the

aut

hor.

Cop

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ht ©

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5. h

ttp:w

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Is

Us

Synchronous

Generator

dc/dc dc/acDC

link

genPGrid

mecP

CH

GSCMSC

ac/dc

Step up

SG

Direct-drive EESG typically has a large rotor diameter

(nearly 12 m for the Enercon E-112 direct drive 4.5

MW turbine).

Enercon E-112, 4.5 NW

Source: http://www.enercon.de/de-de/


Sem

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right

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ed. N

o pa

rt o

f thi

s pu

blic

atio

n m

ay b

e re

prod

uced

or

dist

ribut

ed in

any

form

with

out p

erm

issi

on o

f the

aut

hor.

Cop

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ht ©

201

5. h

ttp:w

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s R

esou

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and

Sto

rage

in

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erF

acto

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15.2


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right

s re

serv

ed. N

o pa

rt o

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s pu

blic

atio

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ay b

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prod

uced

or

dist

ribut

ed in

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aut

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Cop

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Representation in PowerFactory:

• Asynchronous Machine (*.ElmAsm) and Step UpTransformer

• Needs a Type (*.TypAsmo).


Sem

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rt o

f thi

s pu

blic

atio

n m

ay b

e re

prod

uced

or

dist

ribut

ed in

any

form

with

out p

erm

issi

on o

f the

aut

hor.

Cop

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ht ©

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ttp:w

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IsUs

Wound Rotor

induction

generator

Gearbox

ac/dc

Ur

genP

mecP

Var

Compensation

Grid


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right

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rt o

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s pu

blic

atio

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ay b

e re

prod

uced

or

dist

ribut

ed in

any

form

with

out p

erm

issi

on o

f the

aut

hor.

Cop

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5. h

ttp:w

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• Asynchronous Machine (*.ElmAsm).

• Needs a Type (*.TypAsmo)


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rt o

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s pu

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ay b

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prod

uced

or

dist

ribut

ed in

any

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on o

f the

aut

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Cop

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ttp:w

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IsUs

Double-fed

induction

generator

Gearbox

ac/dc dc/acDC

link

Ir

Ur

genP

Filter

gensP

Grid

gensP

mecP

Converter

is

Neglected


Sem

inar

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erF

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15.2


All

right

s re

serv

ed. N

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rt o

f thi

s pu

blic

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ay b

e re

prod

uced

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ribut

ed in

any

form

with

out p

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• Simple Representation in PowerFactory:

• Asynchronous Machine Configured as DFIG

(*.ElmAsm).

• Needs a Type (*.TypAsmo).Converter

is

Neglected


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Gear box

DFIG Grid

~~

Frequency

ConverterConverter

is Included


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Detailed Representation in PowerFactory

• DFIG (*.ElmAsmsc).


Converter

is Included


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Gear box

DFIG Grid

~~

Frequency

ConverterConverter

is Included

FULL

Model


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• Detailed Representation in PowerFactory:

• DFIG (*.ElmAsmsc).


Converter

is Included

FULL

Model


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SG/IG Grid~~

Frequency

ConverterGear box


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• Static Generator (*.ElmGenstat).

• Needs no Type


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SG/IG Grid~~

Frequency

Converter

No Gearbox


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• Static Generator (*.ElmGenstat).

• Needs no Type


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• Representation in PowerFactory:

Grid Side

Converter

(PWM) + DC

Circuit


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• Version 14.1 made available a new global

“Templates” library (\Library\Templates\) that contains

“ready for use” models.

• This global templates library contains the following

“ready for use” models:

– Double Fed Induction Wind Turbine Generator,

– Fully Rated Converter Wind Turbine Generator,

– Photovoltaic Systems and

– Battery Energy Storing System.


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• Dynamic of electrical components

• Control

• Protection

• Dynamic of mechanical parts

• Feedback (measurement)

All connected in a composite model:


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• Generator, Shunt, Transformer, Inverter..

• Defined with grid elements:

• And type data:


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*.ElmAsm*.TypAsm


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• Controllers, protections and mechanical dynamics

are defined in DSL.


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• The entity of a DSL model is a common model:

• Parameters: Characteristic:


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Cop

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Available measurement devices:

• Voltage (*.StaVmea)

• Current (*.StaImea)

• Power (*.StaPqmea)

• Phase (*.ElmPhi_pll)


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Frame definition:

• WTG with fully rated converter:


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• Entity of a frame is a composite model:


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• The fully rated WTG model could be used for:

– Load Flow Studies

– Stability Studies (RMS)

– Transient Studies (EMT)

– Balanced and unbalanced simulations (however control is

implemented for the positive sequence only)

• For dynamic simulation is a variable step size

possible.

• The minimum step size or the fix step size should

be lower than 5ms.


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• The following fully rated WTG models are available

in the global template library:

- FullyRatedConverterWTG_0.4kV_1.0MW










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• Each template contains also three transformer

types for 10, 20 and 30kV.

• The model from the template is at the beginning

equipped with the 20kV transformer.


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• The fully rated WTG is in the single line diagram

represented by a static generator.

• The models of the controllers are collected in the

composite model “FullyRatedConv Control”.

• This composite model could be found either through

the link “Plant Model” on the Basic Data page of the

WTG or with the Data Manager in the used grid.

Static Generator (ElmGenstat)


Sem

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s pu

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• The models of the controllers are collected in the

composite model “FullyRatedConv Control”.

• This composite model could be found either through

the link “Plant Model” on the Basic Data page of the

WTG or with the Data Manager in the used grid.WTG FRC Frame incl Current Ctrl:

PLLElmPhi*

Fmeas

0

1

2

VacStaVmea*

0

1

2

PQStaPqmea*

0

1

PQ ControlElmDsl*

0

1

2

0

1

3

Slow PLLElmPhi*

Active

Po

werR

ed

uct

ion

Elm

Dsl

GeneratorElmGen*,ElmVsc*

0

1

IacStaImea*

0

1

Current ControllerElmDsl*

0

1

2

3

4

5

0

1

6

7

WTG FRC Frame incl Current Ctrl:

u

Qin

Pin

u1i_i..

Fmea

s

u1r_i..

sinref

iq_ref

pred

cosref

id_ref

ii

ir

DIg

SIL

EN

T


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• The composite model “FullyRatedConv Control” is

created from the frame definition “WTG FRC Frame

incl Current Ctrl”WTG FRC Frame incl Current Ctrl:

PLLElmPhi*

Fmeas

0

1

2

VacStaVmea*

0

1

2

PQStaPqmea*

0

1

PQ ControlElmDsl*

0

1

2

0

1

3

Slow PLLElmPhi*

Active

Po

werR

ed

uct

ion

Elm

Dsl


0

1

IacStaImea*

0

1


0

1

2

3

4

5

0

1

6

7


u

Qin

Pin

u1i_i..

Fmea

s

u1r_i..

sinref

iq_ref

pred

cosref

id_ref

ii

ir

DIg

SIL

EN

T


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• All measurement devices are connected either to

the terminal or to the cubicle, which connects the

generator with the terminal.

• This approach ensures that all measurement devices

are correctly connected after entering the model

using the template.


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Slot Name Description Needed Type

ActivePowerReduction Reduces the power in case of electrical

over frequency.DSL-Model

Current Controller Calculates from current reference a

voltage signal for the static generator.DSL-Model

Generator Static Generator as grid element. *.ElmGenstat

Iac AC-Current measurement device *.StaImea

PLL Fast voltage angle measurement

device*.ElmPhi

PQ Active and reactive power

measurement device*.StaPqmea

PQ Control Controls active and reactive power

through the rotor current.DSL-Model

Slow FrequMeas Frequency measurement for over

frequency power reduction.*.ElmPhi

Vac AC-voltage measurement device *.StaVmea

Table 1: Frame Description.


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Figure 1. Frame Definition “WTG FRC Frame incl Current Ctrl” (*.BlkDef)


PLLElmPhi*

Fmeas

0

1

2

VacStaVmea*

0

1

2

PQStaPqmea*

0

1

PQ ControlElmDsl*

0

1

2

0

1

3

Slow PLLElmPhi*

Active

Po

werR

ed

uct

ion

Elm

Dsl


0

1

IacStaImea*

0

1


0

1

2

3

4

5

0

1

6

7


u

Qin

Pin

u1i_i..

Fmea

s

u1r_i..

sinref

iq_ref

pred

cosref

id_ref

ii

ir

DIg

SIL

EN

T


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Radiant

Energy

Electrical Energy

DC

Electrical Energy

50-60Hz

Solar Cell

Inverter


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• Characteristic Curves PV Cell


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Grid side behaviour depends on:

• Control of the rectifier.

• Used step up transformer.

During fault:

• Low AC voltage on PCC no power feed in

possible.

• DC voltage is increased up to open-circuit DC

voltage.

• No special protection for solar cell needed.


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Load flow model in PowerFactory:

• The static generator is used for power flows for grid

side studies.

Interest

It is simple!!!


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Load flow model in PowerFactory:

• DC current source consodering PWM converter is

used for detailed studies.

It is NOT simple!!!


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Dynamic model in PowerFactory:

• Static generator (for grid side studies)

• DC current source + PWM converter (for PV-park

studies).

• DSL model for PV cell and rectifier controller.


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• The template is a generic model for a battery

energy storing system (BESS).

• It represents the grid side converter and the

battery (modelled in DSL).

• The model represents one BESS with a rated

apparent power of 30 MVA it is connected on 10 kV

voltage level.


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• The BESS is in the single line diagram represented

by a static generator.

• The models of the controllers as well as the battery

are collected in the composite models.

Static Generator (ElmGenstat)


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• The controller is located in the composite model

“BESS-Control” and the battery model is located in

the composite model “Battery”.

• This composite model for the control could be found

either through the link “Plant Model” on the Basic

Data page of the static generator or with the Data

Manger in the used grid.


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• The composite model “BESS-Control” is created

from the frame definition “Frame_BatteryCntrl”


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Slot Name Description Needed Type

Converter Link to the static generator, representing the inverter. *.ElmGenstat

PQ-Control Control of the active and reactive power of the

inverter.

DSL-Model

Frequency

Control

Calculates a reference for the active power depending

on the frequency.

DSL-Model

PQ-

Measurement

PQ-Measurement device (for feedback). *.StaPqmea

Frequency

Measurement

Frequency measurement for frequency control. *.ElmPhi

AC-Voltage AC voltage measurement device for detecting faults

and for voltage support.

*.StaVmea

Charge

Control

Calculates if the battery has to be charged or not. DSL-Model

Battery Model Link to the composite model “Battery” *.ElmComp


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Slot Name DescriptionNeeded

Type

Battery_Model Model of the battery DSL-Model

DC Side

Calculation

Model of the DC-side (the static generator

has no DC side.

DSL-Model

PQ

Measurement

(absolute

values)

PQ Measurement device which measures

the active power on the AC side in absolute

values

*.StaPqmea


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• This book combines years of technical/practical

experience of more than 20 experts

users/developers of DigSILENT PowerFactory (>20

countries) and deep understanding of academic on

power system analysis.

Dr. Jose Luis Rueda

EditorDr. F. Gonzalez-Longatt

Editor


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Quasi-Dynamic

Simulation

Simulation Unsymmetrical

Conditions and Contingency

Analysis

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Probabilistic

load flow

Chapter 4

Unbalanced Power Flow

Chapter 5

Optimal Power Flow

Chapter 6

Assessing the Renewable

Energy Sources

Integration

Modelling of

AGC

Chapter 7

CCGTModelling

Chapter 8

DFIG Modelling

Chapter 9

Parameterized Modal Analysis

Chapter 10


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Risk

Assessment

Mean–Variance Mapping Optimization

Chapter 11

Chapter 12

Chapter 13

MATLAB/Simulink Interface

Chapter 14

Simulation Automation and Management

Chapter 15

Hardware-in-the-Loop Applications

Chapter 16

Hardware in Hardware-In-Loop

P & Q in Wind Farm

Chapter 17

FACTS Modelling

Chapter 18

Multi-terminalHVDC

Chapter 19

Cluster of Induction Generator

Chapter 20


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M. Stifter, F. Andrén, R. Schwalbe and W. Tremmel.

Energy Department, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Giefinggasse2, 1210 Vienna,

Austria

e-mail: [email protected]


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• MATLAB: PowerFactory build-in interface (DSL) for co-simulation

• DLL: Using external DLL in DSL components (e.g.:TCP/IP sockets) and DPL scripts

• OPC: Industrial standard interface—OPC client—in usewith multi-agent systems and controller hardware in theloop

• RCOM: Remote communication—remote procedure callinterface for using

• PowerFactory in engine mode (e.g. automatedsimulation)

• API: Direct control of PowerFactory internal data modeland advanced functionality (e.g. co-simulation)

• DGS: file format for exchanging data models andgeographical information


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• Similar to the external implemented DSL functions for

dynamic/transient analysis, the DPL interpreter can

be extended by user-defined functions to be used for

steady state analysis


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• OPC server connects client processes which run

normally in real time such as automation and control

components.

• External data link (ComLink) is a built-in OPC client.


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• Until version 14.x, the so-called ENGINE folder was

part of the installation.

• RCOM is well suited for simulation automation since

it is possible to change for instance DPL script

parameters or other model attributes.

Java code snippet for connecting via RCOM


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• Basically, everything you can do in PowerFactory

can be done via the API!!!

• It exposes internal model and objects of the network

data as well as analysis functions and results to be

dynamically linked into any C++ application

environment.

Use of the API in a stand-alone C++ application


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• Since version 15.1, a Python wrapper for the API

has been provided.

• Since Python is an interpreter based programming

language no compiler is necessary to use the C++

API.

• Python scripts can be directly used within

PowerFactory or used for running the application in

engine mode and controlling it from an external

application

Python code for activating and accessing PowerFactory


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Questions and Answers

Copyright Notice

The documents are created by Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt and contain copyrighted material, trademarks, and other proprietary information. All rights reserved. No part of the documents may be reproduced or

copied in any form or by any means - such as graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, taping, or information storage and retrieval systems without the prior written permission of Francisco M.

Gonzalez-Longatt . The use of these documents by you, or anyone else authorized by you, is prohibited unless specifically permitted by Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt. You may not alter or remove any

trademark, copyright or other notice from the documents. The documents are provided “as is” and Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt shall not have any responsibility or liability whatsoever for the results of use of the

documents by you.


Sem

inar

: Mod

ellin

g R

enew

able

s R

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and

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in

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15.2


All

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s re

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ed. N

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f thi

s pu

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n m

ay b

e re

prod

uced

or

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ed in

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f the

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yrig

ht ©

201

5. h

ttp:w

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t.org

Any questions or suggestions are welcome

[email protected]

@fglongatt

Copyright Notice

The documents are created by Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt and contain copyrighted material, trademarks, and other proprietary information. All rights reserved. No part of the

documents may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means - such as graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, taping, or information storage and

retrieval systems without the prior written permission of Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt . The use of these documents by you, or anyone else authorized by you, is prohibited unless

specifically permitted by Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt. You may not alter or remove any trademark, copyright or other notice from the documents. The documents are provided “as

is” and Francisco M. Gonzalez-Longatt shall not have any responsibility or liability whatsoever for the results of use of the documents by you.





http://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=4dkpMnEAAAAJ&hl=en

http://scholar.google.co.uk/citations?user=4dkpMnEAAAAJ&hl=en

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7157-9844

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7157-9844

http://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.url?authorId=24922792900

http://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.url?authorId=24922792900

http://www.linkedin.com/pub/francisco-gonzalez-longatt/12/660/43b

http://www.linkedin.com/pub/francisco-gonzalez-longatt/12/660/43b

tutorial: modelling and simulation - renewable resources and

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