tutorial eng

8/6/2019 Tutorial Eng

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/tutorial-eng 1/57

EAGLE4.0forLinuxâ andWindowsâ

Schematic-Layout-Autorouter

Tutorial

CadSoftComputer,Inc.

www.cadsoftusa.com

Copyright©2000CadSoftAllRightsReserved



Ifyouhaveanyquestionspleasefeelfreetocontactus:

US Aandothercountries:

Phone: +1(561)2748355,USAalso:1-800-858-8355

Fax: +1(561)2748218

Internet: www.cadsoftusa.com

Email: [email protected]

GermanyandotherEuropeancountries:

Phone: +49(0)86356989-10Hotline: +49(0)86356989-30

Fax: +49(0)86356989-40

Internet: www.cadsoft.de

Email: [email protected]

Andrememberthatweofferafreehotlineforourcustomers!

© Copyright2000CadSoftComputer,Inc.AllrightsreservedworldwideNopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans,electonic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,scanning,digitizing,orotherwise,withoutthepriorconsenseof CadSoft.

WindowsisaregisteredtrademarkofMicrosoftCorporation.

LinuxisaregisteredtrademarkofLinusTorvalds.



TableofContents

1WhattoexpectfromthisManual 7

2SystemRequirements 7

3FeaturesofEAGLE 8ProfessionalVersion 8

General 8

LayoutEditor 8

SchematicModule 8

AutorouterModule 9

StandardEdition 9

LightEdition(Freeware) 9

4InstallationandProgramStart 10

Windows 10

Linux 10

5IndividualEAGLESetup 10

6TheConceptoftheEAGLEUserInterface 11

7TypographicConventions 11

SelectingMenuItems 11

MouseClick 11

SeveralInputAlternatives 12

UseofKeyCombinations 12

CommandandParameterInputviatheCommandLine 12

8ControlPanel 15

EAGLEFiles 16EAGLEProjects 16

9LoadFileandSelectMonitorZoom 17

10SelectingLayersforDisplay 18

11SettingupGridandUnit 18

12Wires,Circles,Arcs,Rectangles,andText 19

TheWIRECommand 19

ChangingLineWidth 20

ChangeObjecttoanotherLayer 20

3

EAGLE-Tutorial



Undo/RedoFunction 21

TheCIRCLECommand 21

TheARCCommand 21

TheRECTCommand 22TheTEXTCommand 22

SpecialTextVariables 23

13UsingLibraries 23

TheADDCommand 23

TheUSECommand 25

TheINVOKECommand 25

14DrawingaSchematic 26

Grid 26

AddingaFrametoaSchematic 26

AddingandChangingText 27

EnteringaSchematic 28

TheNETCommand 30

TheNAMECommand 30

TheLABELCommand 30

TheDELETECommand 31

TheJUNCTIONCommand 31

TheSHOWCommand 31

TheMOVECommand 32

HistoryFunction 32

CompletingtheSchematic 33TheSMASHCommand 33

TheVALUECommand 34

TheElectricalRuleCheck(ERC) 34

GeneratingaBoardfromaSchematic 34

TheBUSCommand 35

15FunctionKeys 36

16AutomaticForward&BackAnnotation 36

17DesigningaPCBoard 37

4

EAGLE-Tutorial



DesigningaBoardwithoutaSchematic 37

DefiningBoardShape 37

PlacementGrid 38

PlacingComponents 38PlacingSMDPackages 38

ProvidingNames 39

ProvidingValues 39

DefiningSignals 39

DefiningSignalClasses 40

CreatingaBoardfromaSchematic 40

GeneratingaBoardFile 40

ComponentPlacement 41

Autorouter:ABriefExample 41

RoutingManually 42

BoardChanges 42

FurtherUsageoftheLayoutEditor 43

DISPLAYCommand 43

MOVECommand 43

GROUPCommand 43

SPLITCommand 44

CHANGECommand 44

ROUTECommand 45

RIPUPCommand 45

SHOWCommand 45RefreshScreen 45

Undo/RedoFunction 46

InnerLayers 46

SupplyLayers 46

CopperPouring 47

18Autorouter 48

19DesignRuleCheck 49

20Libraries 50

5

EAGLE-Tutorial



ResistorPackage 50

ResistorSymbol 52

ResistorDevice 52

21OutputofDrawingsandManufacturingData 55OutputaSchematicwiththePRINTCommand 56

GeneratingGerberDatawiththeCAMProcessor 56

22DataExchangewithEAGLEUserLanguage 57

23ScriptFiles-FlexibleInputInterface 57

6

EAGLE-Tutorial



1 WhattoexpectfromthisManual

ThistutorialprovidesabasicintroductiontotheEAGLEPCB-DesignPackage.

ItcoverstheuseoftheEAGLESchematicEditor,LayoutEditor,andAutorouter.Thisguidewillleadyouthroughtheprograminthenaturalorder,startingwiththeSchematicEditormoduleandworkingthroughtoboarddesignandautorouting.Youwillbenefitmostbygoingthroughtheentiredocument.

Youshouldbefamiliarwiththeuseofthebasicfunctionsofyouroperat-ingsystem.Expressionslike enlargetheeditorwindow willbeusedwithoutfurtherexplanation.

Havingcompletedthistutorialyoushouldbeabletostartworkingonase-riousproject.Whilecreatingyourinitialdesigns,however,youshouldfre-quentlyusethehelpfunctionandtheEAGLEReferenceManualtolearnmoreaboutspecificdetails.Onlythenwillyoubeabletotakefulladvan-tageofEAGLE’scapabilities.

Youwilllearnhowtousemostoftheprogramcommands,althoughnotallofthefeatureswhichmakeEAGLEsopowerfulandflexiblearediscussedinthisintroduction —forexamplethepossibilitiesoftheSET,SCRIPT,andRUNcommands(seehelp).

BeforeyoubeginyoushouldconsulttheREADMEfileandthefileswiththeextension *.txt in eagle/doc.

AlthoughthistutorialisbasedontheWindowsversionofEAGLE,thedif-ferencestoLinuxareminimal.

2 SystemRequirements

EAGLEisapowerfulgraphicseditorfordesigningPC-boardlayoutsandschematics.InordertorunEAGLEthefollowinghardwareisrequired:

• IBM-compatiblecomputer(486andabove)with

• Windows95/98,WindowsNT/2000or

• Linuxbasedonkernel2.x,libc6andX11withaminimumcolordepthof8bpp,

• aharddiskwithaminimunof50Mbytefreememory,

• aminimumgraphicsresolutionof1024x768pixels(800x600withminorrestrictionspossible),

• preferablya3-buttonmouse.

7

EAGLE-Tutorial



3 FeaturesofEAGLE

ProfessionalVersion

General

• maximumdrawingarea64x64inches

• resolution1/10.000mm(0.1microns)

• mmorinchgrid

• upto255layers,userdefinablecolors

• commandfiles(Scriptfiles)

• C-likeUserLanguagefordataimportandexport

• simplelibraryediting• librarybrowserwithpowerfulsearchfunction

• supportoftechnologyfeature(e.g.74 L00,74 LS00..)

• generationofgraphicsoutputaswellasmanufacturingandtestingoutputwiththeCAMprocessororthehelptheUserLanguage

• printoutsviatheOS'sprinterdrivers

• partlistgenerationwithdatabasesupport( bom.ulp)

• Drag&DropintheControlPanel

• automaticbackupfunction

LayoutEditor

• fullSMDsupport

• fullmultilayersupport(16signallayers)

• DesignRuleCheckforboardlayouts(checkse.g.overlaps,measuresofpadsortracks)

• copperpouring(groundplains)

• packagevariantssupport

SchematicModule

• upto99sheetsperschematic

• Online-Forward&BackAnnotationbetweenschematicandboard

• automaticboardgeneration

• automaticgenerationofsupplysignals

• ElectricalRuleCheck(errorcheckintheschematicandconsistencycheckbetweenschematicandlayout)

8

EAGLE-Tutorial



AutorouterModule

• fullyintegratedintobasicprogram

• usesthelayout'sDesignRules

•changebetweenmanualandautomaticroutingatanytime• ripup&retryalgorithm

• user-definablestrategybycostfactors

• routinggriddownto0.02mm(about0.8mil)

• noplacementrestrictions

• upto16signallayers(withuserdefinablepreferreddirections)

• upto14supplylayers

• takesintoconsiderationvarioussignalclasses(wirewidth,

minimumdistances)

StandardEdition

ThefollowingrestrictionsapplytotheStandardEditionintheLayoutEditor:

• Thelayoutareaisrestrictedtoamaximumof160x100mm(about6.3x3.9inches).Outsidethisareaitisnotpossibletoplacepackagesanddrawsignals.

• Amaximumnumberof4signallayersareallowed(top,bottom,and2innerlayer).

LightEdition(Freeware)

ThefollowingrestrictionsapplytotheEAGLELightVersion,whichisavailableasFreeware(fortestingandevaluation):

• Theboardareaisrestrictedto100x80mm(about3.9x3.2inches).Outsidethisareaitisnotpossibletoplacepackagesanddraw

signals.• Onlytwosignallayerscanbeused(noinnerlayers).

• Aschematiccanconsistofonlyonesinglesheet.

Largerlayoutsandschematicscanbeprintedwiththe smaller editions.TheCAMprocessorcangeneratemanufacturingdataaswell.

9

EAGLE-Tutorial



4 InstallationandProgramStart

Windows

InsertthemediaintotheCD-ROMdrive.Selectthedesiredmenuitemdi-rectlyintheCD-ROMstartwindow.

Ifthestartwindowdoesnotautomaticallyappear,double-clickontheCD-ROMsymbolin MyComputer.

Followtheinstructionsonthescreen.

FortheFreewareinstallationyoudonotneeda UserLicenseCertificate.Answerthequestionforavalidlicensebyclicking Runasfreeware.

IfyoudecidetouninstallEAGLE,usethe unInstallShield programwhich

willbeinstalledalongwiththeEAGLEprogram.TheEAGLECD-ROMsuppliesaplayableFreeware.Youcanstartitwith-outinstallingitonyourharddisk.Buttherearesomeminorrestrictionsduetothefact,thatEAGLEcan'twritefilesontheCD-ROM.

Linux

InserttheCDandmounttheCD-ROMdrive.

Choosethecorrespondingdirectory(/english/linux/install)and readtheinstallationnotesinthe README file.WhileinstallingtheprogramyouwillbeaskedifyouwanttorunEAGLEasFreewareorasalicensedver-sion.Choose Runasfreeware,ifyoudon'thaveavalidlicense.

TheEAGLECD-ROMsuppliesaplayableFreeware.YoucanrunitfromCD-ROMdirectly.ThereforyouhavetomounttheCD-ROMdriveas'executable'.Buttherearesomeminorrestrictionsduetothefact,thatEAGLEcan'twritefilesontheCD-ROM.

5 IndividualEAGLESetup

Apartfromthebasicinstallation,EAGLEallowstheusertocustomizecer-tainprogramfeatures,suchastheconfigurationofmenus,functionkeys,orscreencolors.Alotofthesesettingscanbemadeinthe Options menuintheControlPanelorinoneoftheeditorwindows.

Inthespecialcommandfile(scriptfile) eagle.scr presetvaluesfortheSche-matic,Layout,andLibraryEditorscanbeenteredintheformofEAGLE

commands.Thosewhowouldliketousethesepossibilitiesshouldgetac-quaintedwiththeEAGLEcommandlanguage.Thecommandsyntaxisde-scribedintheEAGLEhelp.

10

EAGLE-Tutorial



Theuserinterfacecanbesetindividually.Clickthe Options/UserinterfacemenuintheControlPanel.Thetutorialpresupposesthatyouareusingthedefaultsettings.

Additionalinformationconcerningconfigurationcanbefoundinthehelp

function.Seetheitems SET , ASSIGN, UserInterface, CHANGE,andProject.

6 TheConceptoftheEAGLEUserInterface

Internally,EAGLEhasbeensetupinsuchaway,thatanyactionisiniti-atedbyacommandstring.Normallytheuseractivatesthesecommandsbyclickingonmenuitemsortoolbaricons.Valuesarenormallyenteredintoappropriatefields.

Theknowledgeoftheinternalcommandlanguageisnotnecessarytosuc-cessfullydesignschematicsandboardswithEAGLE.However,thiscon-ceptoffersfurtherpossibilitieswhichmakeEAGLEaveryflexibletool:

Anycommand,forinstance,canbeenteredintextformatviathecom-mandlineorcanbereadfromafile.Furthermore,commandstringscanbeassignedindividuallytofunctionkeys(ASSIGNcommand).Thisenablestheusere.g.toexecutecommandsequenceswithakeystrokeorafew mouseclicks(seeSCRIPTcommand).

7 TypographicConventions

SelectingMenuItems

Thecharacter ⇒ means,thatamenuselectionistobemade.Forexample

⇒ File/Save

means:clickthe File menuwiththeleftmousebuttonandnextclick Save.

MouseClick

Actionstobecarriedoutwithaclickoftheleftmousebuttonarerepre-sentedwithadot.Forexample:

• MOVE and F1

means:clicktheMOVEcommandwiththeleftmousebuttonandthenpressthefunctionkeyF1.

Actionstobecarriedoutwithadoubleclickoftheleftmousebuttonarerepresentedwithtwodots.Forexample

11

EAGLE-Tutorial



• • linear.lbr

means:select linear.lbr withadoubleclickoftheleftmousebuttonfromthemenu.

SeveralInputAlternatives

EAGLEcommandscanbeenteredviakeyboard,byclickingiconsorbyclickingmenuitems.

Thefollowingactions,forexample,willexecutetheMOVEcommand:

• Clickingtheicon

• Typing MOVE inthecommandline,followedbytheEnterkey

• PressingthefunctionkeyF7whichisassignedtotheMOVE

command• Selectingthemenuitem ⇒ Edit/Move

Inthistutorialwewillmainlyworkwiththetoolbars.Forthesakeofclar-itythecommandsareshowastext:

• MOVE

means:clicktheMOVEicon

UseofKeyCombinations

A+characterindicatesthatthefirstkeyishelddownwhilepressingthesecondkey.Forexample:

Alt+F1

TheAltkeyishelddownwhilepressingF1,thenreleasebothkeys.

CommandandParameterInputviatheCommandLineActionswhichneedtobeterminatedwiththeenter(i.e.return)keyaresymbolizedwiththecharacter ←.Forexample

USE ←

means:type USE andnextpresstheEnter key.

Anythingthatistobetypedexactlyasitappears,willappearinthetextasfollows:

CHANGEWIDTH0.024←

NormallyEAGLEdoesnotdifferentiatebetweenupperandlowercasecharacters.Thereforeyoucanentertheabovecommandas

12

EAGLE-Tutorial



changewidth0.024 ←

Youmayabbreviatethekeywords.Theaboveinputmaythereforebesim-plifiedto

chawid0.024 ←

Inthistutorial,however,thefullcommandsareused.

Thefollowingfiguresshowwhichcommandsareactivatedwiththevarioustoolbaricons.AdditionalhelpisofferedbytheBubbleHelptextwhichap-pearsassoonasthemousecursorispositionedonaniconforacertaintime.Thistextshowsthecommandname.

TheLayoutEditorwindow

Fromtoptobottom:title,menubar,actiontoolbar,dynamicparametertoolbarandcoordinatesdisplaywithcommandline.Ontheleftthecom-mandtoolbar.TheBubbleHelptextdescribestheWIREicon.Thestatus

barbelowshowsashortdescriptionofthecurrentcommand.

13

EAGLE-Tutorial



EAGLE-Tutorial

Info

Display

Move

Mirror

Group

Cut

Delete

Name

Smash

Pinswap

Split

Wire

Circle

Rectangle

Bus

Junction

ERC

Show

Mark

Copy

Rotate

ChangePaste

Add

Value

Gateswap

Invoke

Text

Arc

Polygon

Net

Label

Info

Display

Move

Mirror

Group

Cut

Delete

NameSmash

Pinswap

Split

Route

Wire

Circle

Rectangle

Via

Hole

Ratsnest

ERC

Errors

Show

Mark

Mirror

Rotate

Change

Paste

Add

Value

Replace

Optimize

Ripup

Text

Arc

Polygon

Signal

Auto

DRC

CommandtoolbaroftheSchematicEditor(left)andtheLayoutEdi-tor(right)



8 ControlPanel

AfterstartingEAGLE,theControlPanelwillbeopened.Itallowsyoutoloadandsaveprojectsaswellastosetupcertainprogramparameters.Right

mouseclicktoanentryinthe Projects branchofthetreeviewopensacon-textmenuthatallowstostartanewproject.

ThetreeviewallowsaquicksurveyofEAGLE'slibraries.Double-clickanentryinthe Libraries branch.Nowthecontentsofthelibraryisdisplayed.Selectinganobjectshowsashortdescriptivetextontheright.

ControlPanel:Previewofthelibrarycontents

HereyougetanoverviewofUserLanguageprograms,Scriptfiles,andCAMjobs.Tryselectingvariousentries.Ontherightyouwillgetthere-ferringdescription.

TheControlPanelsupportsDrag&Drop.Arightmouseclickonanyentryinthetreeviewopensacontextmenuthatoffersoptionslikeprint,open,copy,etc.

15

EAGLE-Tutorial



EAGLEFiles

ThefollowingtableliststhemostimportantfiletypesthatcanbeeditedwithEAGLE:

Type Window NameBoard LayoutEditor *.brd

Schematic SchematicEditor *.sch

Library LibraryEditor *.lbr

ScriptFile TextEditor *.scr

UserLanguageProgram TextEditor *.ulp

Anytextfile TextEditor *.*

TheLinuxversiononlyrecognizeslowercaseletterfileextensions!

EAGLEProjects

Letscreateanewprojectfirst.Afterstartingtheprogram,first • the+characterofthe Projects path,thenthe+characteroftheentries examplesand tutorial inthetreeview.Thecontentsofthe tutorial directoryappears.• tutorial withtherightmousebutton.Selecttheoption NewProject inthe

popupmenu.Namethenewproject MyProject,forexample.Thiswayyouarecreatingasubdirectoryof tutorial thatisnamed MyPro- ject.Thisdirectorywillcontainalldatafilesthatbelongtoyourproject.Of courseyoumaydefineadditionalsubdirectories.

Todefinethepathwhereyourprojectdirectorieswillbestored,click⇒Options/Directories andenteritinthe Projects field.

Arightmouseclickontheprojectentryandyoucanopennewschematics,layoutsandlibraries.Eachprojectdirectorycontainsafilenamed eagle.epf

whichstoresproject-specificsettings,windowpositionsetc.Thecurrentlyactiveprojectischecked(green)intheControlPanel.Afterstartingtheprogramagaintheprevioussituationwillberestored.Thelastusedprojectandotheruser-specificsettingsaresavedinthefile ~ /.eaglerc(Linux)or eaglerc.usr (Windows).

Beforestartingthefollowingexampleswewanttocopythefiles demo1.sch,demo2.sch,and demo2.brd intothedirectory MyProject.PresstheCtrlkey,clickthedesiredfileanddragittothe tutorial entry.Re-

leasethemousebuttonnow.Repeatthisfortheotherfiles.Nowopentheschematicfile demo1.sch withadoubleclick.

16

EAGLE-Tutorial



Ifyouendtheprogramwith Alt+X andstartitagain,youwillgetthepre-vioussettingsandeditorwindows.

9 LoadFileandSelectMonitorZoom

Nowletusstartdoingsomeexercises.StartEAGLE,andwaituntiltheControlPanelappears.Expandtheentry Projects/examples/tutorial/MyProject ofthetreeview.

Nowloadthe demo2.brd file.Youcandothiseitherby • • theentry de-mo2.brd,orbyselectingthefilefromthemenu ⇒ File/Open/Board.Theschematicwiththesamenamewillbeloadedalongwiththeboard.

Enlargetheboardeditorwindow.

Nowclicktheicon tozoomintothedrawing.

Byclicking thedrawingwillbeshowninfullsizetofityourscreen.

Aclickon willzoomout.

Thecommandcontrolledbythe iconismoreversatilethaninotherprograms.Clickit,andthenmarkarectangularareabydraggingthemouse

cursorwhiletheleftmousebuttonispressed.Thenreleasethemousebut-ton,justasyouareusedtofromotherprograms.Themarkedareawillnow bedisplayed.

Ifyouwanttoselectanewcenterwiththesamezoomfactor,simplyclickthesameicon,markthecenterwithaclickandfinallyclickonthetrafficlighticonintheactiontoolbar.

Ifyouwanttoselectanewcenterandanewzoomfactorsimultaneously,clickonthesameicon.Threemouseclickswillgiveyouthedesiredresult:

thefirstclickwilldefinethenewcenterandbothlastclickswilldefinethezoomfactor.Ifthethirdpointisfurtherawayfromthefirst,theprogramwillzoomintothedrawingandviceversa.Tryittofindouthowitworks.

Duringcertainactionsitmayhappenthatobjectsinthedrawingdisappearorgetcorrupted.InthiscaserefreshthescreenbyclickingtheRedrawicon

(alsoF2possible).

Ifyouwanttomovetheselectedwindow,presstheCtrlkeywhilemovingthemouse.

FurtherpossibilitiescanbefoundonthehelppagesoftheWINDOWcommand.Thesecanbecalledupbysimplytypinginthecommandline:

17

EAGLE-Tutorial



HELPWINDOW ←

10 SelectingLayersforDisplay

EAGLE-Drawingscontainobjectsindifferentdrawinglayers.Inordertoobtainausefulresultseverallayersarecombinedfortheoutput.Forexam-ple,thecombinationofTop,Pad,andVialayersisusedtogenerateafilmforetchingthecomponentsideoftheprinted-circuitboard.ConsequentlythecombinationofBottom,Pad,andVialayersisusedtogeneratethefilmforthesoldersideoftheboard.ThePadlayercontainsthethrough-holesforthecomponentconnectionsandthevialayercontainsthevia-holeswhichareneededwhenasignaltrackchangestoanotherlayer.

Loadtheboard demo2.brd usingthemenu File/Open/Board andclickinthecommandtoolbarontheiconfortheDISPLAYcommand(lookatthetoolbarlayoutonthepreviouspages).Themarkedlayersarecurrentlydis-played.Byclickingonthelayernumberthedisplayofeachlayercanbeswitchedonoroff.The All and None buttonsswitchonoroffalllayers.

Byselecting/deselectinglayer21 tPlace (silkscreenupperside),thelayers23 tOrigins,25 tNames,27 tValues,and51 tDocu areselected/deselected,too.Thesameappliestolayer22 bPlace (silkscreenbottomside).

Veryimportant: Componentsonlayer1 Top canonlybemovedorse-

lectedinthedrawingiflayer23 tOrigins ison.Thesameappliestocompo-nentsonlayer16 Bottom andthelayer24 bOrigins.

PleaseconsultthehelppageoftheLAYERcommandforthemeaningof thedifferentEAGLElayers.

11 SettingupGridandUnit

Schematics shouldalwaysbedrawnonagridof0.1inchessincethelibrar-

iesaredefinedthisway.Thegridfor boards isdeterminedbythecomponentsusedandbythecom-plexityoftheboard.

GridandunitaresetupwiththeGRIDcommandbyclickingontheGRID

icon intheparametertoolbar.Allvaluesaregiveninthecurrentlyse-lectedunit.PleaseconsultthehelppagesoftheGRIDcommandforde-tailedinformation.

18

EAGLE-Tutorial



12 Wires,Circles,Arcs,Rectangles,andText

Wires,circles,arcs,rectangles,andtextarecreatedwiththeWIRE,CIRCLE,ARC,RECTANGLEandTEXTcommands.Ononehandthese

objectsserveaspuredrawingelementsforsymbols,packages,framesetc.,andontheotherhandtheycanperformspecialfunctions,suchasthedefi-nitionofrestrictedareas.

Firstanewschematicfileistobecreated.Closealloftheeditorwindowsandselect

⇒ File/New/Schematic

fromtheControlPanel.

Anewfilewiththename untitled.sch isnowcreated.Normallyyoushould

neversaveafilewiththename untitled,butshoulduse ⇒ File/Saveas tochooseadifferentname. However,inthistutorialnofileistobesavedatall.

Nowenlargetheeditorwindow.

TheWIRECommand

TheWIREcommandisusedtodrawlines.

ClicktheWIREcommandinthecommandtoolbar.Allparametersforthiscommandcanbesetupintheparametertoolbar.Nextselectlayer95, Names,fromthelayer-selectioncombobox.Inthislayerarectangularlineistobedrawn.

ParameteroftheWIREcommand

Definethestartingpointbyaclickonthelefthandmousebutton.Moveupthecursorslightlytotherightandpresstherighthandmousebuttonafewtimes.Pleaseobservehowtheconnectionisshownindifferentdiago-nalandorthogonalmodes.Whentheconnectionisdisplayedinasquareangle,pressthelefthandbuttontofixitsposition.Nowmovethecursortothestartingpointand • • todroptheline.Nowyoushouldbeabletoseearectangularoutline.Asobservedbefore,ananglebetweenwireseg-mentscanbecreatedbyclickingtherighthandmousebutton.Thisismoreeffectivethanusingthesymbolsintheparametertoolbar.

19

EAGLE-Tutorial



IntheLayoutEditor:

IfthelinesareplacedontheboardlayersTop,Bottom,orRoute2..15EAGLEtreatsthemaselectricallyconductingtracks.Wiresarealsousedtocreateboardoutlines.Let’sstartusingthiscommand.

ChangingLineWidth

AslongastheWIREcommandisactive,youcanselectthelinewidthfromthecomboboxintheparametertoolbarortypeinaspecificvalue,separateforeachsegment.

Tochangethelinewidthofanexistingobject,

• CHANGE iconinthecommandtoolbarandapopupmenuwillopenup.

• WIDTH iconandafurtherpopupmenuwillshowupwherethepresentvalueismarked.

Selectthedesiredvaluebyaclickofthemouse,thenclicktheobjecttobechanged.

TochangealinewidthtoavaluethatisnotshownthemenuoftheCHANGEcommand,youcanusethecommandlinetotypeinthevalue,forexample:

CHANGEWIDTH0.017 ←

andthenclickontheselectedwiresegment.

Tochangethewirestyle•

CHANGEand•

Style.Selectthestyleand•

thewireyouwanttochange.

ChangeObjecttoanotherLayer

Tomoveanobject,forexampleawiresegment,toanotherlayer

• CHANGE

• LAYER

Selectthetargetlayer,forexample94 Symbols,by•

. Then•

OK ,andthen•

ontheselectedobject(s).Notethatsomeobjects,suchasbusornetlines,cannotbemovedtoanotherlayerastheyhaveaspecialmeaning.

20

EAGLE-Tutorial

Attention:DonotusetheWIREcommandtodrawnetorbuslinesin schematics-useNETorBUSinstead!



Undo/RedoFunction

OneofthemostusefulfeaturesofEAGLEistheunlimitedUndofunc-tion.Clickthelefticonasmanytimesasyouwanttoundopreviousac-tions.Usetherighticontoredotheactionswhichhavebeencancelledby

undo.

TheCIRCLECommand

ToactivateCIRCLE,whichisusedtodrawacircle,

• CIRCLE

EAGLErequirestwomouseclickstodefineacircle.Thefirstclicksetsthecenterofthecircleandthesecondclickdefinestheradius.

Placethecursoratanygridpointand • . Dragthecursorseveralgridpointstotheright.Whenthecirclehasthediameteryouwant, • tofixitandter-minatethecommand.Thelinewidthofthecirclecanbechangedasde-scribedbeforeforwires.Acirclewithlinewidth0willbefilled.

TofindoutmoreabouttheCIRCLEcommandpressF1aslongasthecommandisactivatedortype

HELPCIRCLE ←.Tocancelacommand,clickthestopsigniconoractivateanothercom-mand.PressingtheEsckeygenerallyunlocksanobjectfromthecursor.

TheARCCommand

ToactivatetheARCcommand,whichisusedfordrawingarcs,

• ARC

Anarcisdefinedwiththreemouseclicks:thefirstclickdefinesthestartpoint,thesecondthediameterandthethirdtheendpoint.

Placethecursoratthedesiredstartingpointand •.NowmovethecursorsomegridunitstotherightbutremainonthesameY-coordinate.Acircleappearswhichshowsthediameterofthearc. • andthecirclewillbecomeanarc.Nowyoucanchangethedirectionofthearcwiththerightmousebutton.Clickseveraltimeswiththerightbuttonandyouwillseewhatismeant.Youcanalsoenlargeorminimizethearcbymovingthemouse.Af-terreachingthedesiredform, • tofixthearc.

Practicebydrawingsomearcs.UsethehelpfunctiontofindoutmoreabouttheARCcommand.

21

EAGLE-Tutorial



TheRECTCommand

ToactivatetheRECTcommand,usedforcreatingfilledrectangles,

• RECT

Todefinearectangletwomouseclicksarerequired:Thefirstonewillde-termineonecornerandtheseconddeterminesthepositionoftheoppositecorner.

Movethecursortothepointwhereacorneroftherectangleshouldbeand•. Movethecursorslightlytotherightandup.Whentherectanglehasreachedthedesiredsize, • tofixit.Therectangleisfilledwiththecolorof thelayerinuse.

UsethehelpfunctiontofindoutmoreabouttheRECTcommand.

TheTEXTCommand

ToactivatetheTEXTcommand,usedforplacingtext,

• TEXT

Nowtypethedesiredtextand • OK . Thenplacethetextwith •. Acopyof thesametextisnowattachedtothecursor.Tostopplacingtextsimplyclickthenextcommandicon.Forplacingadifferenttext,typethetextandterminateitwiththeEnterkey.Thetextwillshowupinthecommandline.

Textscontainingspacesorasemicolonhavetobeenclosedinsinglequotes,likethisone:

'Thisisatext'

Tochangethetextfont:

• CHANGE

• FONT

EAGLEsupportsavector,aproportional,andafixedfont.

Tochangethesizeofatext:

• CHANGE

• SIZE

• Valueinthemenu

and • lowerleftcornerofthetext.Atarotatedtextthepointoforigincanmovetoitsupperrightcorner.Atextisalwaysdisplayedsothatitcanbereadfromthefrontorfromtheright.

22

EAGLE-Tutorial



Tochangeatext

• CHANGE

• TEXT

and • atthepointoforiginofthetext,theneditthetextand • on OK .Using

• CHANGE

• RATIO

youcanchangethelinewidthinatextinrelationtotheheightofthevec-torfont.

SeehelppageformoreinformationaboutTEXTandCHANGE.

SpecialTextVariables

Ifyouplacethetext

>SHEET

thisstringwillbesubstitutedwiththecurrentsheetnumber,e.g. 1/1.EAGLEoffersanumberofsimilartextvariables,e.g.fordate/timewhichreflectthelatestchangeinthefile(>LAST_DATE_TIME)orthedrawingoutput(>PLOT_DATE_TIME).Librarypartsaredefinedwithtextvari-

ablesforthename(>NAME)andthevalue(>VALUE)ofacomponent.Usetextvariablesonlyinlibraries.

13 UsingLibraries

EAGLEcomeswithalotoflibraryfilesthatcontainthrough-holeandsur-facemountdevices.ThetreeviewinEAGLE'sControlPanelandthefilelibrary.txt (in eagle/doc)offerdetailedinformationaboutthecontentsof

thelibraries.Inthissectionyouwilllearnhowtoinsertschematicsymbolsintoadraw-ingandhowtousethem.

Openanewschematictostartwithablankdrawingarea⇒ File/New/Schematic.

TheADDCommand

Toselectsymbolsfromalibrary, • ADD inthecommandtoolbar,anda

windowpopsup.Nowyoucanenteronormoresearchpatternsinthe Search field.Youmayusethenameofadeviceoranywordofthedevicedescription.Wildcards

23

EAGLE-Tutorial



like*and?areallowed.

Wewanttoplace,forexample,thedevice74LS00.EnterintheSearchfield:

74*00* or 74LS00*

*isthewildcardofthetechnologyand/orthepackagevariant.Thesearchresultshowsthedeviceinvarioustechnologiesandpackagevariants.Selectthedesireddeviceand • OK .Nowyoucanplaceitintheschematic.

Placethecursorslightlytotheleftofthedisplaycenterand •. Movethecursortotheright,andplaceasecondgatewiththenextmouseclick.Placefourgatesaroundthecenterofthedrawingareainthisway.

Nowplaceafifthgatesomewherenearby.PleasenotethatEAGLEhasnamedthefirstfourgatesIC1A..IC1D,whereasthefifthgatehasbeennamedIC2A,sincethisgaterequiresasecondIC.

Ifyounowshowthelayer93, Pins,eitherasdescribedbeforeorbytyping

DISPLAYPINS ←

inthecommandline,furtherpinparametersaredisplayedingreen.Zoominonthedrawing,sothatagateisshownonalargescale.YouwillseethatthepinsaremarkedasInput(In)orOutput(Out),andthatanumbershowstheSwaplevel.ASwaplevelgreaterthan0indicatesthatthispincanbeswappedwithanotherpinofthesamedevicewhichhasthesame

Swaplevelassignment(seecommandPINSWAP).Apinwithaswaplevelof1,forexample,canbeswappedwithanyotherpinthathasaswaplevelof 1.Swaplevel0meansthatthispincannotbeswapped.

Thelayer93,Pins,isnotusuallyprinted(PRINTcommand).

AslongastheADDcommandisstillactive,agatesymbolwillbeattachedtothecursor.

NowusetheZoom-iniconortheF4keytoviewalargerportionoftheschematiconthedisplay.ThenpresstheEsckeytotheselectionwindow

oftheADDcommand.Enterthefollowingpatterninthe Search field:

555N or 555*

Selectthedevice555Nwith • •,rotateit180degreeswithtwomousebut-tonclicks,andplaceitsomewhereonthedrawingareawiththeleftmousebutton.

Repeatthiswithothersymbols.YouwillfindoutthatthelibrariescontainsymbolsdrawnintheEuropeanandtheAmericanway.Choosewhatever

youprefer. WhiletheADDcommandisactive,youcanreturntotheADDmenuby

24

EAGLE-Tutorial



pressingtheEsckey.PresstheEsckeyagainandthecommandwillbecancelled.

AnotherwaytoplacedevicesintheschematicistodragthemfromthetreeviewintheControlPanelintotheSchematicEditorwindow.Arrangethe

windowsinawaythatyoucanseebothonthescreen.Select,forexample,thedevice555Nfrom linear.lbr inthetreeview( Libraries branch).UseDrag&DroptomovethedeviceintotheSchematicEditor.Ifyouselectadevicethatsupportsmorethanonepackageortechnologyvariant,youwillbeaskedtoselectthevariantinamenubeforedroppingit.

EAGLE,bydefault,assumesthatallactivecomponentswillbeattachedtothe samepowersourceandground.Thepowerpinsarethereforenotshown,and areautomaticallyconnectedtothePowerSourceandGroundwhengenerating aboard(unlesstheuserconnectsthemtoothersignals).

MostoftheEAGLElibrarydevices,whichhaveonlyoneVCCandoneGND pin,aredefinedsothatthepowerpins,bydefault,arenotvisible.InsomecasesitmakessensetomakethepowerpinsinanICvisible,asinthe555 storedinthelinearlibrary.Insuchacaseconnectthepowerpinswiththeap- propriatenets.

ThehelpfunctioninEAGLEoffersinformationaboutfurtheroptionsof thecommandsADDandUPDATEconcerningtheupdateoflibraryob-jectsinschematicandlayoutwiththeirrespectivepartsofthecurrent

libraries.

TheUSECommand

ThedefaultsettingcausestheADDcommandtosearchinalllibrariesthatareavailableinthegivenlibrariesdirectories(⇒ Options/Directories/Li- braries intheControlPanel).YoucanexcludelibrariesfromthesearchfunctionbyclickingthegreenmarkerintheControlPanel'streeview, Libraries branch.Greenmeansinuse,graynotused.

ThisisexactlythefunctionoftheUSEcommandyoucanalsotypeonthecommandline.Thesyntaxisdescribedinthehelpfunction.

TheINVOKECommand

TheINVOKEcommandcanbeusedtoallowtheconnectionofactivecomponentstoapowersourceotherthanVCCandGND.Todemon-strateitsuse

• INVOKE

• thegate IC2A

Apopupmenuappears.

25

EAGLE-Tutorial



• • PWRN andthepowerpinsforIC2areattachedtothecursor.Youcannowplacethemanywherewitha • andconnectthemtoanynet.

AnotherfeatureoftheINVOKEcommandallowsyoutoalterthese-quenceofthereferencedesignatorsbeforeEAGLEautomaticallymakesan

assignment.AssumingtheINVOKEcommandisstillactive, • IC2A, andthepopupmenuappears.TheasteriskassignedtogateAindicatesthatthegatehasbeenused;thosewithoutanasteriskareavailableforuse.

IfyouwantIC2CtobeplacedbeforeIC2B, • • C inthepopupmenu.Themenucloses,andIC2Cisattachedtothecursortobeplacedwitha •.OnceIC2Cisplaced,EAGLEwilluseuptheremaininggatesinthatpack-agebeforeassigninganadditionalpackage.

Ifyouwanttoplacegatesovermorethanonesheet,usetheINVOKE

commandonthenewsheetandtypeintheelement'snameinthecom-mandline.Nowtheinvokemenupopsup.

Don’thesitatetoexperimentwithdifferentlibrariesandwithplacingandrotatingschematicsymbols.

Youcanplacedevicesinadrawingfromasmanylibrariesasyouwant.De- vicesaresavedintheschematicorboardfilesintheirentirety. Whenpassing onafile,thereisnoneedtosupplythelibrarieswiththem.

14 DrawingaSchematic

Inthissectionyouwilllearnhownetsandbusesareusedinadrawing.Youwillthenbeabletocreateaschematic.

Tocreateanemptyschematic,openanewdrawingandenlargetheeditorwindow.

Grid

Thestandardgridforschematicsis0.1inches.Symbolsshouldbeplacedonthis gridoramultipleofit,sinceotherwiseitcanhappenthatnetscannotbecon-nectedtothepins.

AddingaFrametoaSchematic

Asastart,selectadrawingframefromthelibrary frames.lbr, whichcon-tainspredefinedframesinmiscellaneousformats.

• ADD,andentertheword letter or frame inthe search field.Selectasuitable

frameand • • forexample LETTER_P. Aframewhichfitsonaletterfor-matpage(portrait)isnowattachedtothecursor.

26

EAGLE-Tutorial



Ifyoucannotseeitcompletely,pressfunctionkeyF4untilitmatchesyourscreen,thenplaceitwithaclickofthelefthandmousebuttonsothatitslowerleftcornerisplacedonthecoordinates(X=0,Y=0).

Nowafurtherframeisattachedtothecursor.Clicktheiconwiththestop

signtoterminatetheADDcommand.Press:Alt+F2

toshowtheframeinfullsizeorclicktheZoom-to-fiticonintheactiontoolbar.

AddingandChangingText

Youcanaddlines,textandotherobjectstopredefinedframesandtextfieldsinthelibrary.Oryoucandesignandsaveyourownframes.

Variabletexts,e.g.theprojecttitleortherevisionnumber,canbeinserteddirectlyintheSchematicEditorwhereyouarenow.

Framesaresavedassymbolsinthelibrary,thereforeitmakessensetowritethetextinlayer94 Symbols.

Nowbringtheframetextfieldintotheeditorwindowsothatitiscom-pletelyvisible.NextclicktheiconfortheTEXTcommandandenterthefollowingtext

CadSoftAfterclickingtheOKbutton,thetextisattachedtothecursorandcanbeplacedwiththeleftmousebutton.Movethetextintheupperemptylineofthetextfieldandplaceitwitha •. Afurthercopyofthetext,whichwilldisappearassoonasanothercommandisactivatedorthestopsigniconisclicked,isstillattachedtothecursor.

IfyoudidnotdefinethesizeofthetextwhiletheTEXTcommandwasac-tive,youcanusetheCHANGEcommandtosetittoanothervalue:

•CHANGE

Fromthemenuselect:

• SIZE

andafurtherwindowopensinwhichthepresentlyselectedtextheightisshown.

• 0.15

andmovethecursortothelowerleftcornerofthetext CadSoft.Clicktheleftmousebuttonandthetextheightwillbechangedto0.15inches. JustincaseyouwouldliketosetasizenotpresentintheCHANGESIZEmenu,like.0.17,simplytype:

27

EAGLE-Tutorial



Schematic demo1.sch

29

EAGLE-Tutorial



OnceyouhaveplacedthepartsyoucanrelocatethemwiththeMOVEcommand.ActivatetheMOVEcommandbyclickingtheappropriateiconinthecommandtoolbar,thenmovethecursortothepartyouwanttomoveand • . EAGLEwillhighlightthepart,toletyouknowthatitisat-

tachedtothecursorandreadytoberelocated.Relocatethepart,and • toplaceitinitsnewlocation.TheMOVEcom-mandisstillactiveandreadytomovethenextpart.Presstherightmousebuttonifyouwanttorotateapart.

Whenyouhavelocatedtheparts,startconnectingthemusingtheNETcommand.

TheNETCommand

Anetisonlyconnectedtoapinifitisplacedontheconnectionpointof thepin.Displaythelayer93, Pins,withtheDISPLAYcommandtolocatetheseconnectionpoints.Theyaremarkedwithagreencircle.

EAGLEautomaticallynameselectricalconnections(nets).Inourexampledemo1.sch thenetlinesatC5pin+,U1pin3(VI),andJP2pin2havethe

samename.Thepinsareconnectedtothesamenet,althoughthenetlinesarenotdrawcontinuously.

Asmentionedbefore,netswiththesamenamedefineanelectricalconnection.

TheNAMECommand

EAGLEautomaticallyallocatesnamessuchasB$..forbuses,P$..forpinsandN$..fornets.

• NAME andthen • thenetconnectedtoIC1pinOSC1(16).Apopup

menushowsthepredefinednameofthenet.TypeinOSC1

and • OK .Thenetimmediatelynowhasthisname.

Thenamesofcomponentsandbussescanbechangedinthesameway.

TheLABELCommand

TheLABELcommandallowsyoutoplacebusornetnamesonaschematic

inanylocation.• LABEL,locatethecursoronthenetMCLR/PGMand • .

30

EAGLE-Tutorial

Attention:DonotusetheWIREcommand!



Thenameofthenetisattachedtothecursorandyoucanplaceitinanylo-cation.Youcanalsorotatethelabelwiththerightmousebutton.Locatethelabelapproximatelyasshowninthefigureand • tofixitsposition(nearJP1pin2).

Ifnetorbusnamesarechanged,therelevantlabelsarealsochanged.LabeltextisnotchangedwiththeCHANGETEXTcommandbutwiththeNAMEcommand.

CHANGEFONTorCHANGESIZEchangesthefontorthetextsize.

TheDELETECommand

Youcandeleteobjectswiththiscommand.Ifitisappliedtonets,wiresorbusses,asinglesegmentisdeletedatatime.Tousethiscommand,•

DELETE inthecommandtoolbar,takethecursortotheobjectthatistobedeleted,and •.

UNDOandREDOworkhereaswell.GROUP,DELETEandarightmouseclickdeletewholegroups.

TheJUNCTIONCommand

Droppinganetonanothernetlinegeneratesaconnectionbetweenthesetwonets.Theconnectionwillberepresentedbyajunction,thatwillbeset

automatically.Automaticsettingofjunctionscanbeswitchedoffwiththeoption Autosetjunctions (⇒ Options/Set/Misc).

InthiscasetheJUNCTIONcommandisusedtodrawaconnectingnodeattheintersectionofnetswhicharetobeconnectedtoeachother.

• JUNCTION andanodeisattachedtothecursor.Locatethenodeatthejunctionoftwonetlinesand • tofixitintoplace.

TheSHOWCommand

ThisisagoodtimetodemonstratethefunctionoftheSHOWcommand.Thiscommandisusedtoshownamesandotherdetailsofelementsandob-jects.Completesignalsandnetscanbehighlighted,aswellascomponents.

ToshowforexamplethenetV+, • SHOW inthecommandtoolbarthenmovethecursortotheconnectionpointofU1pinVI(3)and •.

PleasenoticethatEAGLEhighlightsthenetwiresandeachpinconnectedbythisnet,aswellasthepinnameofeachparttowhichitisconnected.Inaddition,thesignalislistedas

Net:V+

inthestatusbar.

31

EAGLE-Tutorial



WhiletheSHOWcommandisactivethenetremainshighlightedalthoughyouarepanningthewindowbypressingtheCtrlkeyandmovingthemouseorusingtheWINDOWcommand.DeactivatetheSHOWcom-mandbyclickingthestopsigniconanduseWINDOWREFRESH(F2).

Nowtheobjectsarenolongerhighlighted.Toshowanobjectwithaspecificname, • SHOW andtypethename(forexample D0 ←)inthecommandline.YoucansubsequentlytypeothernameswithouttheneedtoreactivatetheSHOWcommand.Thiswayyoucanmarkonenetaftertheother.

Doyouwishtohighlightseveralnetsatthesametime,enterinthecom-mandline:

SHOWRA4 ←

SHOWRA3 ←

SHOWRA2 ←

TheMOVECommand

Inordertoavoidmistakeswhenplacingandmovingnetsyouhavetoun-derstandthefollowingeffectsoftheMOVEcommand:

Noelectricalconnectionwillbegeneratedifyoumoveanetlineoverapin(usingtheMOVEcommand).Ontheotherhand:ifyoumoveapinoveran-otherpinoroveranetline,anelectricalconnectionwillbegenerated,andanetlinewillbeattachedtothepinwhenthecomponentismovedfurther.Re-membertheUNDOcommandifyouwanttodetachthenetline.

ChecktheconnectionswiththeSHOWcommand,asmentionedbefore.AdditionalonecanexportanetorpinlistwiththeEXPORTcommand.

HistoryFunction

Withthekeys up-arrow and down-arrow youcanrecallthelastkeyboardinstructionintothecommandlineandexecuteitwiththeEnterkey.TheEsckeywilldeletethecommandline.

UseAlt+F2toshowthewholeschematiconthescreen,thentype:

SHOWR1 ←

SHOWC1 ←

SHOWIC1 ←

QuittheSHOWcommandbyclickingthestopsignicon. Redrawthe

screen,e.g.withF2andpressthe up-arrow and down-arrow keysseveraltimes.Asyoucansee,youcanscrollthroughthelistoftherecentlyusedcommands.Assoonasthedesiredcommandappearsinthecommandline

32

EAGLE-Tutorial



presstheEnterkey.

CompletingtheSchematic

UsetheADDcommandtoaddtheremainingcomponentsandthesym-bolsforVCC,V+,andGNDfrom supply.lbr (searchpattern: supply).SupplysymbolsrepresentthepowersignalsinyourschematicandcausetheERC(ElectricalRuleCheck)tousespecialchecksforthem.

RememberthatyoucanusetheMOVEcommandtomoveobjectsaroundandthatyoucanrotateelementsattachedtothemousewitharightmouseclick.

UsingtheNETcommand,connectthepinsofthecomponentsaccordingtotheschematicandconnectthesupplysymbolstotherelatedpins.Use

therightmousebuttontoalternatebetweentheorthogonalanddiagonalmodeswhileusingtheNETcommand.Use • tofixasegment.

Ifyouplaceanetexactlyonaconnectionpoint,thenetisterminatedatthislocation.

TheSMASHCommand

Youwillnoticethatwhenyourotatediodesandresistorsfromthehori-zontaltotheverticalposition,theirreferencedesignatorsandvaluetexts

rotatewiththepart.EAGLEprovidesaSMASHcommandthatallowsyoutoMOVEandROTATEthenameandvaluetextsindependentlyofthesymbol.

Toactivatethecommand

• SMASH

Locatethecursoronthediodesymboland •. Thisseparatesthetextfromthesymbol.Nowclickthe MOVE icon,movethecursortothename D1 forthediode,and •.

Thetextselectionpointismarkedasacrossandresides,dependingontherotation,onthelowerleftortheupperrightcorner.

Thenameisnowattachedtothecursor.Itcanbemovedtoabetterloca-tionandrotatedwiththerightmousebutton.WhenyouhaverotatedandrelocatedD1, • tofixitslocation.

IfyouwanttochangethesizeofnameandvaluetextswhichhavebeenseparatedfromthepartwiththeSMASHcommand,usetheCHANGESIZEcommand(clicktheCHANGEiconandselect Size fromthemenu).

33

EAGLE-Tutorial



TheVALUECommand

EAGLEallowsyoutodefineortochangethevalueelementslikeresistorsorcapacitors.InthecaseofICsthevalueinformsyouabouttheelementtype(e.g.74LS00N).

• VALUE

• theresistor,

typethenewvalue, 2.2k, • OK ,andthenewvalueisnowdisplayed.

YoucanusetheNAMEcommandtochangethenamesofresistors,capaci-tors,ICs,netsandbusesaccordingly.Youcanchangethenetnamesbutyoudon’thaveto,unlessyouwanttogetadescriptivenetlist.

TheElectricalRuleCheck(ERC)Ifyouhaven’tenteredthecompleteschematicyourselfyoucannowloadthefile demo1.sch.

TheERCcommandisusedtotestschematicsforelectricalerrors.

Theresultsarewarningsanderrormessagesthataregeneratedandwrittenintoafilewhichhasthesamefilenameasthedrawingbuttheextension*.erc.Thisfileisautomaticallydisplayedinatexteditorwindowifmes-sagesweregenerated.TousethecommandclicktheERCiconinthecom-

mandtoolbar.Pleasenotethat theERCcanonlydiscoverpossibleerrorsources.Itisupto youtoproperlyinterprettheERCmessages!

IfyouwanttolearnmoreabouttheERCcommand,type

HELPERC ←

inthecommandline.

GeneratingaBoardfromaSchematicAfterloadingaschematicfromwhichyouwouldliketodesignaboard,clickontheBOARDiconintheactiontoolbar:

Aboardfilewillbegeneratedinwhichthepackagesarepositionednexttoanemptyboard.

Afurtherdescriptionfollowsinthechapter DesigningaPCBoard.

Butnowwewanttointroduceanotherimportantcommandthatisneces-sarytodesignschematicsfirst.

34

EAGLE-Tutorial



TheBUSCommand

Loadtheschematic bus.sch fromthe /eagle/examples/tutorial directory.

Aschematicwithabusstructureappears.Abushastobedrawnwiththe

BUScommand.Itisnamedautomatically(B$1..).Abushasnologicalsignificance.Itisadrawingelementonly.Logicalcon-nections(nets)areonlydefinedwiththeNETcommand.Netswiththesamenameareidenticaleveniftheyareondifferentpagesofaschematicoropticallynotconnected.

Thebusnamedeterminesthesignalscontainedinthebus.InourexamplethebuscontainsthesignalsVALVE0toVALVE11andasignalnamedEN.Thereforethebushasbeennamed EN,VALVE[0..11] withtheNAMEcommand.

Thebusinourexamplehasnotbeenfinished,yet.Therearestillsomecon-nectionstodraw.StarttoconnectthefollowingsignalstoIC7byselectingtheNETcommandandclickingonthebusline:

ENIC7Pin14ENVALVE0IC7Pin16INAVALVE1IC7Pin15INBVALVE2IC7Pin10INCVALVE3IC7Pin9IND

•NET inthecommandotoolbarandmovethecursoroverthebus,onegridlineoverthepinIC7-14.Thenetconnectiontothebusmustoriginate

fromthebusandbedrawntothecomponentpin,ifyouwanttousethisconvenientwaytonameit. • tosetthestartingpointofthenet,andapopupmenuwillappearwiththenetnamesforthebus. • EN toselectnetEN,andmovethecursortoIC7-14,usingtherightmousebuttontochangethelineuntilitisdrawnliketheothernetlinesinthisarea. • thepin'sconnectionpointtofinishthenetline.

RepeatthisactionforVALVE0..VALVE3.

UsetheLABELcommandtomakethenetnamesvisibleintheschematic.

Ifyouwanttocancelanaction,clicktheUNDOicon,orusetheF9key.EitherbyclickingontheREDOiconorbyuseoftheF10keyyoucanper-formthecancelledactiononceagain.

UsetheMOVEcommandtomoveindividualbussegments.Selectaseg-mentneartotheendinordertomovetheendpoint.Selectasegmentsomewhereinthemiddle,tomoveittoaparallellocation.YoucandeleteindividualsegmentswithDELETE.

Thecursortakesontheformoffourarrowswhenyouwanttoselectanobject whoseoriginisveryclosetotheoriginofanotherobject.Inthissortofcase,

35

EAGLE-Tutorial



promptsyoutousetheSchematicEditor.

TomonitortheForward&BackAnnotationloadthe demo2.sch file.Theboard demo2.brd willbeloadedautomaticallyintotheLayoutEditor.

Nowsizebothofthewindowssothatyoucanseethembothonthescreen.ChangesomenamesandvalueswiththeNAMEandVALUEcom-mands.Youwillnoticethatthenamesandvalueschangeinbothwindows.ExperimentalsowiththeDELETEcommandandremembertheUNDOandREDOcommands.

17 DesigningaPCBoard

InthissectionyouwillcreateasmallPCBdesignandmodifyanexisting

designusingtheLayoutEditor.First,youwillcreateaboardwithoutaschematic.ThissectionisusefulmainlyforthoseuserswhohavenoSche-maticModule.IfyouhavetheSchematicModuleyouwouldnormallynothavetodealwiththestepsdescribedinthefollowingsection.Youshould,however,readthroughthissectionasitdealswithsomegenerallyusefulpoints.

DesigningaBoardwithoutaSchematic

Openanewfile(⇒

File/New/Board intheControlPanel)andenlargetheeditorwindow.

DefiningBoardShape

Thefirstthingwewilldoisdefinetheshapeoftheboard.Beforedefiningtheshape,wemustestablishtheunitofmeasurementwewillbeusingtodrawtheboardoutline.Wewanttousethedefaultgridwhichcanbecho-senbyclickingtheGRIDiconintheparametertoolbar.Then • the Defaultbuttonand • OK .

TheboardoutlinesmustbedrawnwiththeWIREcommandinlayer20, Dimension: • WIRE,andselectlayer20fromthecomboboxintheparame-tertoolbar.

Positionthecursoratthezeropointofthecoordinates,and • todeterminethestartingpointoftheoutline.Movethecursorslightlytotheright,clicktherightmousebuttonuntilbothlinesareorthogonal(90degrees),andpositionthecursornearthecoordinates (4.003.00).

Fixtheoutlineatthispointwith • andmovethecursorbacktothecoordi-nates’zeropoint.

Bydouble-clickingtheleftmousebuttonyouwillterminatetheWIRE

37

EAGLE-Tutorial



command.Theboardoutlinesarenowdefined.

UsingtheMOVEcommand,theedgescanbemoved,oruseUNDOandREDOtorecallthepreviousactionsandperhapsmakechanges.

Alt+F2, orclickingtheZoom-to-fiticon,willfittheboardintothescreen.

PlacementGrid

Beforeplacingcomponents,itisimportanttosetupthegridforcompo-nentplacement.Thecomponentplacementgridmaybedifferentfromthegridusedfordrawingtheboardshape,andisalmostalwaysdifferentfromthegridusedforroutinginterconnectwires.Forthefollowingexercisewewillusethedefaultgridof0.05,incheswhichisalreadyset.

PlacingComponents

• ADD inthecommandtoolbarandsearchfor DIL14.

Double-clickona14-pinDILpackageentry.Nowitisattachedtothecur-sor.Itcanberotatedwiththerightmousebuttonandthenplacedwiththeleftmousebutton.PlacetwoDIL14packages.

UsetheF3andF4keytozoominandout.

Ifyouliketouseanotherpackagethanthepredefinedone(e.g.asmdin-

steadofathrough-holepackage),youcanusetheREPLACEcommand.Fordetailedinformationspleasetakealookintothehelpfunction.

PlacingSMDPackages

NowuseADDtoplacetwo1210packagesontheboard(searchpattern: R1210).Ifyouknowthepackagename,youcantype

ADDR1210 ←

or

ADDR1210@smd-ipc

inthecommandlinetofetchthepackagefromacertainlibrary.

TheSMDpadsappearinred,whichmeans,thattheyareonthelayer1,Top,oftheboard.TotransferthemtotheBottomlayerusetheMIRROR command.ClickontheMIRRORiconinthecommandtoolbarand • onthepackage.

AslongastheMIRRORcommandisactive,youcanmovepackagestotheothersideoftheboard.Forthenextexercisethepackagesshouldbeplaced

ontheToplayer(red).

38

EAGLE-Tutorial



ProvidingNames

Toassignanametothepackagesjustplaced:

• NAME inthecommandtoolbar.

Movethecursorneartheoriginpoint(markedwithacross)ofthefirstDIL14and • . Apopupwindowappears.Type

IC1 ←

andthenewnameisassignedtothepackage.RepeatthisprocesstonametheremainingpackagesIC2,R1,andR2.

ProvidingValues

Toassignvaluestoanelement:

• VALUE inthecommandtoolbar.

MovethecursorneartheoriginofIC1and• .

Apopupwindowappears.Type

CD4001 ←

andIC1nowhasthevalue CD4001.UsingtheVALUEcommandassignCD4002 toIC2, 100k toR1,and 22k toR2.

DefiningSignals

Thenextstepistodefinesignalsandestablishtheirconnectionsusingair-wires(rubberbands).First,connectthegroundpads:

• SIGNAL andtype

GND ←

• onpad7ofIC1(IC1-7)andmovethecursortoIC2-7and • • totermi-natetheGNDairwire.

ThetwopadsarenowconnectedtotheGNDsignal.NextwewillconnectVCC.Type

VCC ←

• onIC1-14,movethecursortoIC2-14and • • toterminatetheVCCairwire.

Definefurthersignalsusingthesameprocedure.

Ifyoudon’twanttospecifynamesforthesignalsatthistime • apadto

startasignaland • • apadtoterminateit(orclickthestopsignicon).EAGLEwillthengeneratenetnamesautomaticallywhichcanbechangedwiththeNAMEcommand.

39

EAGLE-Tutorial



EAGLEterminology: Padsarethrough-holesforconventionalcomponents(usedinpackages).Pinsareconnectionpointsforschematicsymbols.Smd’s arethepadsofsurfacemounteddevices(usedinpackages).

AirwirescanbedeletedwiththeDELETEcommandifyoudon’tworkun-

derForward&BackAnnotationcontrol(insuchacaseyouhavetodeleteasignalbydeletingtherelatednetsintheschematic).

PleasenotethatUNDOandREDOfunctionunderthecontroloftheForward&BackAnnotation,too.

DefiningSignalClasses

TheCLASScommandallowsyoutodefinesignalclassesandtoassigncer-tainvaluesconcerningwirewidthandminimumdistancetoothersignals,

andminimumdrilldiameterforviastoeachclass.Forexample,powersupplysignalsmayberoutedwithahigherwirewidth(highercurrent)orahighervalueforclearance(highervoltage).Thevalueforwirewidthwillbepresetifyoustartroutingthissignalinthelayout.Theautorouterusesthesevaluesforrouting,too.

Thedefaultvalueis0forallattributes(noclassesdefined).ThismeansthevaluessetintheDesignRulesarevalidforallsignals.

Variousclassesareusedintheboardfile hexapodu.brd.

CreatingaBoardfromaSchematic

IfyouhavetheSchematicModuleandtheschematicisalreadydrawn,youonlyneedafewstepstogetthesameresultasthatdescribedintheprevi-oussection.

GeneratingaBoardFile

Loadthefile demo1.sch andclickontheBOARDicon:

Withthiscommandyoucreateaboardfilewiththesamenameastheloadedschematic(demo1.brd).Answerthe Createfile? questionwith • OK .MaximizetheLayoutEditorwindow.

Thewhiteframeontherightofthewindowsymbolizestheboardoutlines.Itismadeupofwiresinthelayer20, Dimension.

•

MOVE,and•

therightverticaledgeoftheboardshapesomewhereinthemiddle.Movethecursoralittletotheleftand • .

Youhavenowreducedthesizeoftheboard.Youcanchangetheboardsize

40

EAGLE-Tutorial



Ifyouwouldliketochangeallroutedtracksintoairwires, • theRIPUPiconandthen • thetrafficlighticon.Confirmthequestion Ripupallsig-nals? with • OK .

YoucanstarttheAutorouteratanytime,regardlessofwhetherthereare

routedtracksoronlyairwiresontheboard.Typically,supplysignalsandothercriticalsignalpathsareroutedmanually,beforetheAutorouterisused.

RoutingManually

TheROUTEcommandchangestheairwiresintoroutedtracks.

• ROUTE inthecommandtoolbar.

• startingpointofanairwire.

AsfortheWIREcommand,furtherparameters,suchaswidthortargetlayer,canbeenteredwithhelpoftheparametertoolbar.

AllvaluesrelatetothecurrentunitselectedwiththeGRIDcommand.

Movethecursortoroutethesignal, • tofixthecurrentsegment. • • tofixthelastsegmentandendtherouteoperationforthewholesignal.

SincetheROUTEcommandisstillactive,youcanimmediatelystartrout-inganewsignal.

WhiletheROUTEcommandisactiveyoucanselecttheanglebetweentwowiresegmentswiththerighthandmousebutton.

Ifyouchangethetargetlayerduringtheroutingprocessbyselectingitfromthecomboboxintheparametertoolbar,thefollowingwiresegmentswillbedrawnonthenewlayer.Thenecessaryvia-holewillbegeneratedautomaticallybyEAGLE.

BoardChanges

Onceyouhavecompletedtheroutingoftheboardyoucanmakechanges,e.g.youcan:

• moveandarrangewiresegmentsandcomponentswithMOVEandSPLIT,

• usetheRIPUPcommandtochangeroutedtrackstoairwires,

• useDELETEtoerasesignals(onlywithoutForward&Backannotation),

• replacepackagevariantswithCHANGEPACKAGEorREPLACE

(withoutschematic).In demo3.brd thepackageofIC1hasbeenreplacedbyaSMDpackage.

YoucanstarttheAutorouteranytimeyouwant,whethermanuallyrouted

42

EAGLE-Tutorial



tracksexistornot.TheroutedtrackswillnotbetouchedbytheAutor-outer.Typically,thepowersignalpathsandothercriticalsignalsareroutedmanually,beforetheboardispassedontotheAutorouter.

FurtherUsageoftheLayoutEditor Inthissectionyouwillmodifyarouteddemoboard.Loadthefiledemo2.brd,andenlargetheeditorwindow.

Nextafewimportantcommandswillberepeated.

DISPLAYCommand

Itisofteneasiertomaintainagoodoverviewifsomeinformationisnotshown.

• DISPLAY

andselectwithyourmousethelayer21, tPlace.Thislayercontainsinfor-mationforthetopsidesilkscreenoftheboard.Byselectingordeselectingit,thelayers23 tOrigins,25 tNames,27 tValues,and51 tDocu willbeshownorhidden.

Toactivatethischange, • OK .

MOVECommand WiththeMOVEcommandyoucanmoveforinstancewires(linesorsignaltracks).Selectingawiresegmentnearanendpointwillmovetheendpointofthewire.Selectingthewireinthemiddlewillmoveitinparallel.

Youcanalsomovevias(through-holeswhichconnectTopandBottomlayertracks).Whenmovingvias,theattachedwiresarealsomoved.

TomovecomponentsplacedontheToplayer,layer23 tOrigins hastobedisplayed.ThesameappliestocomponentsplacedontheBottomlayerand

layer24 bOrigins.AslongastheMOVEcommandisactive,youcanrotatetheobjectwiththerightmousebutton.

GROUPCommand

OneofthemostusefulcommandsofEAGLEistheGROUPcommand.Itallowsyoutoselectseveralobjects,changetheirattributesandmove,ro-tateormirrorthemallatonce.TousetheGROUPcommand

• GROUP

Then,byclickingandreleasingtheleftmousebutton,drawapolygon

43

EAGLE-Tutorial



aroundagroupofobjectsandclosethepolygonbypressingtherightmousebutton(don’tusethePOLYGONcommand).Theselectedobjectsarenowhighlighted.

Pleasemakesurethatyouonlyselectobjectswhichareinavisiblelayer.Pack-

agesonthe Toplayercanonlybeselectediflayer23 tOrigins isvisible,and packagesatthe Bottomlayercanonlybeselectediflayer24 bOrigins isvisible.UsetheDISPLAYcommandtoshoworhidelayers.

NextselecttheMOVEcommandandusethe right mousebuttontoattachthegrouptothecursor.Thiswayyoucanmovealltheobjectssimultane-ously,rotatethemwiththerightmousebuttonandfixthemwiththeleftmousebutton.

AfteragrouphasbeendefinedwiththeGROUPcommand,theattributes

ofthecontainedobjectscanbechangedwiththeCHANGEcommand.Se-lectagroupthatcontainssomewires, • CHANGE inthecommandtoolbar, •

Width,and • 0.032.Thenclickthe right mousebuttonsomewhereintheeditorwindow.YoucanreversetheactionwiththeUNDOcommand.

ArectangulargroupcanbedefinedbyselectingtheGROUPicon,clickingonecorneroftheareaofinterest,keepingthemousebuttonpressedanddraggingthemousebuttonuntiltherectanglecontainsthedesiredobjects.

SPLITCommand

WiththeSPLITcommandyouaddabendinawire.

• SPLIT inthecommandtoolbar

• onawiresegmentnearitstargetpoint

Dragthewireonthescreenabit.Youwillseethatthelongersegmentre-mainsasadirectlinetotheselectedpoint,whiletheshortersegmentsplitsintotwo.Theangleofthetwonewsegmentsiscontrolledwiththerightmousebutton. • fixesthewiresegments.

CHANGECommand

UsetheCHANGEcommand,tochangethewidthofwiresortomoveawiretoanotherlayer.Tochangethewidthofthewire:

• CHANGE

• WIDTH inthepopupmenu

• thevalueforthenewwidth

Thenmovethecursortothewiresegmenttobechangedand •.Tochangethewidthtoavaluenotpresentinthemenu,e.g.to0.23inches,type

44

EAGLE-Tutorial



CHANGEWIDTH.23 ←

inthecommandlineandclickthewiresegment.

Tomoveawiresegmenttoanotherlayer:

•CHANGE

• LAYER

• desiredlayer

• wiresegment

Incaseaviaisneededtocompletethesignalpath,EAGLEwillautomati-callyinsertit.Ifaviabecomesredundant,EAGLEwillautomaticallyre-moveit.

ROUTECommand

UsetheROUTEcommandtochangeanairwireintoawire.Youcanfixthepositionofawiresegmentwith • ,thenchangedirectionandfixthenextsegment untiltheairwireiscompleted.

RIPUPCommand

IfyouwouldliketoturnforexampletheroutedsignaltracksGNDandVCCintoairwires(thisprocessiscalled ripup),clicktheRIPUPiconinthecommandtoolbarandtype:

GNDVCC ←

PressingF9twicereversestheaction.

IfyouwouldliketoripupallsignalsexceptGNDandVCC,type:

!GNDVCC ←

aftertheRIPUPcommandhasbeenactivated.

SHOWCommand

UsetheSHOWcommandtohighlightairwires,wiresorcomponents.ClickontheZoom-to-fiticonandthentheSHOWicon.Thentype:

IC1 ←

tolocateIC1.

RefreshScreen

UsetheF2keytorefreshthescreencontentsorclicktheRedrawicon.

45

EAGLE-Tutorial



Undo/RedoFunction

AllactionsmentionedcanbereversedwiththeUNDOiconintheactiontoolbar(F9)andrepeatedwiththeREDOicon(F10).

InnerLayers

Innerlayers(Route2...15)canbeusedforroutinginthesamewayastheTopandBottomlayers.

Thisisnotpossibleinthefreeware(lightedition).

SupplyLayers

Onlypossibleinstandardandprofessionaledition!

Innerlayers(Route2..15)canbeusedasasignalorgroundplanesimplybyrenamingthelayer $signalname, whenallsignalswiththatnamewillthenbeconnectedtothislayer.Todemonstratethisfeatureloadtheboardfiledemo2.brd andtype:

SHOWGND ←

TheGNDsignalwillbehighlighted.

Thentype:

RIPUPGND ←

ThesignalGNDwillnowbedisplayedasairwiresonly.

Nowwewilldefinelayer2asthegroundlayerbynamingit $GND (thenameofthesignalmustbeprecededwiththe$):

LAYER2$GND ←

YoucanalsoselectLayer2 Route2 intheDISPLAYmenu,clicktheChange button,activatetheoption SupplyLayer andtypeinthenameGND.

ClicktheRATSNESTicontomaketheairwiresofthesignalGNDdisappear.

Tohavealookattheresultswitchofalllayersexceptforthe$GNDlayer.ThiscanbeachievedbyclickingontheDISPLAYicon,orsimplybytyp-ingthefollowingcommandonthecommandline:

DISPLAYNONE$GND ←

Rememberyoucanuselowercasecharactersandabbreviatekeywords.Soyoucantype

disnone$gnd ←

Nowtype

46

EAGLE-Tutorial



SHOWGND ←

andthethermalsymbolswhichconnecttheGNDsignaltothesupplylayerarehighlighted.Theannulus(round)symbolsisolatethethrough-holesnotbelongingtotheGNDsignal.

InourexampletheelementsC1andC2don'thaveaconnectiontothein-nerlayeryet.YouhavetoROUTEashorttrackoutofthesmdandplaceaVIAonthetracksend.Nowtheconnectiontotheinnerlayerismade.

Supplylayersdefinedwith$nameareplottedinversely,i.e.,objectswiththecolorofthesupplylayerdefinecopper-freeareas.Thethermalsymbolsconnectthegroundplanewiththethrough-holeusingfourconductingpaths.

CopperPouring

ThePOLYGONcommandenablesyoutodefineareaswhichbelongtoasignal,connectingalloftherelatedpadstothissignalwiththermalsym-bols.Suchasignalretainsauser-defineddistancetoanyothersignalpath. Youcandesignlayersthatcontainmultiplepolygonssuchasdifferentgroundareas,andyoucandesignpolygonsonmultiplelayers.

TodemonstratethisfeatureofEAGLE,let’sfilltheToplayerofaboardwiththeGNDsignal.Reloadtheboard demo2.brd onceagain,enlargethewindow,andripuptheGNDsignal:

RIPUPGND ←

UsetheDISPLAYcommandtoswitchonthelayer1Top, 17 Pads, 18Vias, and20 Dimension.Usethebutton None, inthemenu,toswitchoff thedisplayofallotherlayersfirst.

ClickthePOLYGONiconinthecommandtoolbarandtype:

GND ←

toprovidethename GND forthepolygontobedefined.OnlythenwillitbelongtotheGNDsignal.

SelecttheLayer Top fromthecomboboxintheparametertoolbar.Then:

• lefthanduppercorneroftheboardoutlines,

• righthanduppercorner,

• righthandlowercorner,

• • lefthandlowercorner.

Thedoubleclickclosesthepolygon.

Tostartthecalculationofthefilledarea,clicktheRATSNESTicon.Sincethisisaverycomplexoperationitcantakesometime.

47

EAGLE-Tutorial



Asbefore,thepadsbelongingtotheGNDsignalareconnectedwithther-malsymbols.Checkthiswith:

SHOWGND ←

Inthiscaseeverythingshowninthelayercoloriscopper,sincethislayerisnotplottedinversely(onlysupplylayersdefinedwith $name).

Afteraboardhasbeenloaded,polygonsaredisplayedwiththeiroutlines.The filledareasaredisplayedonlyaftertheRATSNESTcommandhasbeenexe-cuted.Inversely,theRIPUPcommandandasingleclickontheedgeofapoly- gonresultsintheoutlinedisplayofthisparticularpolygon.

CallupthehelpfunctiontofindoutmoreaboutthePOLYGONcom-mand.

18 Autorouter

NoAutorouteronearthwilllayyourboardoutexactlyasyouwouldlike.Butitcanfreeyouofalotofboringwork.Inthissectionwewanttodem-onstratethatyoucaneasilycombinemanualandautomatedrouting.

Loadtheboard hexapodu.brd.

Switchofflayer21 tPlace usingtheDISPLAYcommand,sothatthecom-ponentsarenotshownanymore.

ThisboardcontainsmanuallyroutedsignalsnamedAC1andAC2.Rectan-glesinthelayers41, tRestrict,and42, bRestrict,havebeenusedtocreatere-strictedareasfortheAutorouter.WithintheseareastheAutorouterisnotallowedtoroutetracksontheToporBottomlayers.ComponentB1iscoveredbyarestrictedareadrawninlayer43, vRestrict.ThismeanstheAutoroutermustnotsetviasthere.

StarttheAutorouterbyclickingtheAUTOiconinthecommandtoolbar.

Apopupmenuappearswhereyoucanenterindividualsettings(seehelp).

Youshouldchoosearoutinggridof10mil(0.254mm)for hexapodu.brd.

Youcanalsoloadtheautorouterparametersforthisfilefromthecontrolfile hexapodu.ctl byclickingthe Load.. button.

Aswewanttoroutealloftheunroutedsignals • OK .

Incaseyoudon’twanttochangethesettingsoftheAutorouteryoucanstartitbytyping:

AUTO; ←

inthecommandline.Themenuisskippedinthiscase.

Watchthestatusmessagesappearinginthestatusbar.Theyinformyou,

48

EAGLE-Tutorial



forinstance,ofhowmanysignalshavebeenrouted,orofhowmanyviashavebeenplacedatthemoment.YouwillnoticethatthenumberofviasgoesdownduringtheOptimizepasses.

IfyouwanttointerrupttheAutorouterclickonthestopicon.

Aprotocoloftheroutingrunisstoredinthefile hexapodu.pro.Loaditintoatexteditorwindowtohavealookatit.

TheboardroutedbytheAutoroutercanbeeditedlikeanyotherboard.Shouldtheroutingresultbelessthan100%,youcanripupafewcriticalsignalsandroutesomeoftheremainingairwiresmanually.Ifyouwanttorestoretheoriginalstatus,turnroutedtracksintoairwires(withtheexcep-tionofAC1andAC2)withthecommand

RIPUP!AC1AC2 ←

19 DesignRuleCheck

WhenstartingthelayoutdevelopmentyoushouldalreadythinkabouttheDesignRules.Rulesthathavetobeconfirmedwiththeboardmanufac-tureraswell.YoucandefinethemwiththehelpoftheDRCdialog.ClicktheDRCiconandverifyorchangethedefaultvalues.Aclickintooneof theparameterfieldsshowsadescribingpicture. • Apply tosavetheDesign

Rulesintheboardfile. OK startstheDesignRuleCheck.The Select buttonallowsyoutoselectacertainareaofthelayouttobechecked.Simplydragarectanglewiththemousearoundthearea.

TheDRCcommandchecksiftheboardcorrespondswiththeuser-definedDesignRules.

Loadthefile demo3.brd.Torunthetest,clickontheDRCiconinthecommandtoolbar.AmenuappearswhichallowsyoutosetupyourDesignRules. • OK tostarttheDRC.

Afterfinishingthechecksthestatusbarshouldshowthemessage Noerrors.NowyoucanbesuretheboardmatchesyourDesignRules.

Movearedwireacrossafewotherredwires.ThenstarttheDRConceagainbytyping

DRC; ←

ThesemicolonpreventstheDRCmenufromappearing.

Thestatusbarshowsthenumberoferrors.Anerrorswindowwillopenautomaticallyshowinganerrorlist.Assoonasyouhavecorrectedtheer-

rorsinthelayout,youcandeletethembyclickingthebutton Delall .PressF1,tofindoutmoreabouttheERRORScommand.

49

EAGLE-Tutorial



IfyoufindobjectsinyourboardwhichcannotbedeletedwiththeDELETEcommanditmightbetheresultofaDRC.TypeERRORSCLEARtodeletethem.

20 Libraries

Thecomponentsyouareaddingtoschematicsandboardsarestoredinli-braries.TheLibraryEditorhasthesameuserinterfaceastheSchematicandtheLayoutEditor.Therefore,youonlyneedtoknowafewadditionalcommandsfordefiningyourowncomponents.

Alibrarynormallyconsistsofthreebasicelements:

• Package:Thefootprintinthelayout

• Symbol:Thedrawingfortheschematic• Device:Therealcomponent,consistingofsymbolsandpackages

Hereashortexampleforlibrarycreation:

Openanewlibraryfileviathemenu File/New/Library intheControlPanel.TheLibraryEditorwindowsopens.

ResistorPackage

Selectthepackageeditingmodeviatheiconintheactiontoolbar,andenterthepackagename R-10 inthe New field.Answerthequestion Createnewpackage‘R-10’? with Yes.Laterwhencreatinganewsymbolandanew deviceyouwillagainhavetoanswerthecorrespondingquestionswith Yes.

UsetheGRIDcommandtosetanappropriategridsizeforthepadplacement.0.05inch(i.e.50mil)isusualforstandardcomponentswithleadwires.

Foraresistorwithlead-wires,select PAD,andsetthepadshapeandthedrilldiameterintheparametertoolbar.Defaultvalueforpaddiameteris0.Itshouldnotbechanged.ThefinaldiameterinthelayoutresultsfromthevaluesgivenintheDesignRules. Thenplacetwopadsatthedesireddistance.Theoriginofthedrawingwilllaterbetheidentifyingpointwithwhichacomponentisselected.Forthisreasonitshouldbesomewherenearthecenterofthedevice.

ForaSMDresistor,selectSMD,andsetthepaddimensionsinthepa-rametertoolbar.Youcaneitherselectoneoftheofferedvalues,ordirectly

typethelengthandbreadthintotheentryfield.

Select Top asthelayer,evenifthecomponentwilllaterbeplacedonthe

50

EAGLE-Tutorial



undersideoftheboard.SMDcomponentsarelocatedontheothersideofaboardusingtheMIRRORcommand.Thismovestheelementsinallthet..-layersintothecorresponding b..-layers.

PlacethetwoSMDpads(whichinEAGLEarejustcalledSMDs)atthede-

sireddistance.TouseroundSMDs(BGAs)defineasquareonefirst,thenCHANGEthevaluefor Roundness =100%.

Youcannowenterthenames,suchas 1 and 2,forthepadsorSMDsusingtheNAMEcommand.

Adifferentprocedureishoweverrecommendedforcomponentswithmanysequentiallynumberedpads:

SelectthePADcommand,typeinthenameofthefirstpad,e.g. '1' (thein-vertedcommasmustalsobeentered),thenplacethepadsinsequence.

NowusetheWIREcommandtodrawthesilkscreensymbolinlayer21 tPlace.Thislayercontainswhatwillbeprintedontheboard.Itisuptoyouhowmuchdetailyougivetothesymbol.Setafinergridsizeifithelps.

Taketheinformationprovidedin library.txt (in eagle/doc)asaguidelineforthedesignofcomponents.YoumayalsousetheARC,CIRCLE,RECTandPOLYGONcommandtodrawsilkscreensymbols.

Pleasetakecareinlayer21 tPlace nottocoveranyareasthathavetobesol-dered.Inlayer51 tDocu amorerealisticappearancecanbegivenwhichisnotsubjecttothislimitation.Layer51 tDocu isnotusedtoprintontotheboarditself,butisasupplementtothegraphicalpresentationwhichmightbeusedforprintdocumentation.Intheexampleoftheresistor,thesymbolcanbedrawninlayer21 tPlace,butthewires,whichgooverthepads,aredrawninlayer51 tDocu.

WiththeTEXTcommandyouplacethetexts >NAME inlayer25

tNames and >VALUE inlayer27 tValues inthoseplaceswhereintheboardtheactualnameandtheactualvaluearetoappear.

SMASHandMOVEcanbeusedlatertochangethepositionofthistextrelativetothepackagesymbolontheboard.

TheCHANGEcommandcanbeusedatalaterstagetoalterobjectpropertiessuchasthestrokethicknessoftexts( ratio),textheight,orthelayerinwhichtheobjectislocated.

Ifyouwanttochangethepropertiesofseveralobjectsatonego,defineagroupwiththeGROUPcommand,clicktheCHANGEcommand,selecttheparameterandthevalue,andclickintothegroupwiththe right mouse

51

EAGLE-Tutorial



button.

Example:UseGROUPtodefineagroupthatcontainsbothpads,thenselectCHANGEandSHAPE/SQUARE.Clickonthedrawingsurfacewiththerightmousebutton.Theshapeofbothpadschanges.

TheDESCRIPTIONcommandallowsaninfotextaboutthepackage.Thistextandthepackage'snamewillbetakeninconsiderationbythesearchfunctionoftheADDcommand.

ResistorSymbol

Selectthesymboleditingmode,andenterthesymbolname R inthe New field.Thisnameonlyhasameaninginternaltotheprogram,anddoes

notappearintheschematic.Nowcheckthat0.1inchissetasthegridsize.Thepinsinthesymbol mustbeplacedonthisgrid,sincethisiswhatEAGLEexpects.

SelectthePINcommand.Youcannowsetthepropertiesofthesepinsintheparametertoolbar,beforeplacingthemwiththeleftmousebutton.AllthesepropertiescanbechangedatalaterstagewiththeCHANGEcommand.Groupscanagainbedefined(GROUP)whosepropertiescanthenbealteredwithCHANGEandthe right mousebutton.Seehelpfunc-

tionforfurtherdetails.TheNAMEcommandallowsyoutonamepinsaftertheyhavebeen

placed.

Theschematicsymbolisdrawninlayer94 Symbols usingWIREandtheotherdrawingcommands.Placethetexts >NAME and >VALUEinthelayer95 Names and96 Values (TEXTcommand).Placethemwherethenameandvalueofthecomponentaretoappearintheschematic.

Forfineadjustmentchooseafinergrid.ThiscanbedonewhiletheTEXTcommandisactive.Afterwardschangethegridtodefaultvalue0.1inchagain.

ResistorDevice

Createthenewdevice R-10 withthisicon.WhenyoulaterusetheADDcommandtofetchthecomponentintotheschematic,youwillselectitbyusingthisname.Itisonlyacoincidencethatinthiscasethenameof

thepackageandthenameofthedevicearethesame.Todefinedevicesthatareavailableinseveraltechnologiesandpackagevari-antsyouhavetousewildcardsinthedevicenametodeterminethe

52

EAGLE-Tutorial



positionofthesenames.* representsthepositionofthetechnologyname, ? thepackagename.De-finingforexampleadevicelikea7400intwotechnologies(L, LS)thecor-rectdevicenameis 74*00.Thenameofthepackagevariantwillbeaddedat

theendofthenameautomatically.Ifyouwishtoseethepackagevariant'sname,forexample,atthebeginningofthedevicenameyouhavetousethe?likethis: ?74*00.

Clickthe New buttonontherightlowerareaoftheDeviceEditorwindow toassignapackage.Forourexample,pleasechoosethepackage R-10.Toallowfurtherpackagevariantsclick New again.

ThePREFIXcommandisusedtospecifyaprefixforaname.Thenameitselfwillinitiallybeautomaticallyallocatedintheschematic.Foraresistorthiswould,naturallyenough,be R.TheresistorswillthenbeidentifiedasR1,R2,R3etc..ThenamescanbealteredatanytimewiththeNAMEcommand.

YoucanspecifywiththeVALUEcommandwhetherthedevice’svaluecanbealteredintheschematicorintheboard.Valuemustbe On forresistors.Forotherdevicesitmaybewisetosetvalue Off .

ThepreviouslydefinedresistorsymbolisfetchedintothedevicewiththeADDcommand.

Ifadeviceconsistsofseveralschematicsymbolswhichcanbeplacedinde-pendentlyofoneanotherinthecircuit(inEAGLEtheseareknownas gates)theneachgateistobeindividuallybroughtintotheschematicwiththeADDcommand.

Setanaddlevelof Next andaswaplevelof 0 intheparametertoolbar,andthenplacethegateneartheorigin.

Theswaplevelofagatebehavesverymuchliketheswaplevelofapin.Thevalueof0meansthatthegatecannotbeexchangedforanothergateinthedevice.Avaluegreaterthan0meansthatthegatecanbeswappedwithin

theschematicforanothergateinthesamedeviceandhavingthesameswaplevel.ThecommandrequiredforthisisGATESWAP.

YoucanchangethenameofthegateorgateswiththeNAMEcom-mand.Thenameisunimportantforadevicewithonlyonegate,sinceitdoesnotappearintheschematic.Ifadeviceconsistsofseveralgatestheelement'snameintheschematicwillbeexpandedbythegatename.

Example:ThegatesarecalledA,B,CandD,andthenameofthecomponentintheschematicisIC1,sothenameswhichappearareIC1A,IC1B,IC1CandIC1D.

53

EAGLE-Tutorial



WiththeCONNECTcommandyouspecifywhichpinsaretakentowhichpackagepads.

Clickthe Connect buttonnow.

TheConnectwindow

InthisexampletheresistorgatehasbeennamedG$1automatically.ThisisthereasonwhyyouseethepinnameG$1.1andG$1.2inthecolumn Pins.Thecolumn Pad showsthepadsplacedinthepackage.Clickonapinandapadentryandclickthe Connect button.Ifyouwanttodisconnectapinfromapad,selectthepairinthe Connection columnandclick Disconnect.OK endstheCONNECTcommandandclosesthewindow.

YoucanenterinformationconcerningthedeviceafterclickingtheDESCRIPTIONcommand.TheenteredtextwillbedisplayedintheCon-trolPanel,whenyouselectthedeviceinthetreeview.ItwillalsobecheckedbythesearchfunctionoftheADDcommand.

Nowthedefinitionoftheresistoriscomplete.Youcanuseitinasche-maticnow.

54

EAGLE-Tutorial



TheDeviceEditor

21 OutputofDrawingsandManufacturingDataEAGLEcanoutputdrawings,forexamplefordocumentationpurposes,usingthePRINTcommand.Thiscommandcanbefoundinthe File menusoftheSchematicorLayoutEditor.

YoucanusetheprintersdefinedunderWindowswiththiscommand.TheLinuxversiongeneratesPostscriptfilesthatcanbesentto lpr ortoafile.

Aprintoutofthedrawingintheactiveeditorwindowwiththeactuallayersettings(DISPLAYcommand)willbegenerated.

FilmandmanufacturingdataaregeneratedwiththeCAMProcessor.StartitwiththeiconintheactiontoolbaroftheLayoutEditorwindow.

TheCAMProcessorusesitsowndrivers,whichcanbedefinedormodifiedbytheuser(seefile eagle.def indirectory eagle/bin).

Dataforabillofmaterial,formounting,millingortestingmachinesetc.canbegeneratedwiththehelpofEAGLEUserLanguagePrograms.Infor-mationaboutULP'scanbefoundinthefileheadersorwiththehelpofthedescriptionsintheControlPanel.

55

EAGLE-Tutorial



OutputaSchematicwiththePRINTCommand

Theschematic demo1.sch istobeprintedinblack/whiteandfullformatononepage.

Loadthefile demo1.sch andclickthePRINTiconintheactiontoolbar.Checktheboxes Black, Solid and Rotate (asthedrawingisinlandscapefor-mat).Theboxes Mirror and Upsidedown arenotmarked.

Forboth Scalefactor and Pagelimit typein 1.Thisspecifiesthatthedraw-ingistobeoutputatascalefactorof1,provideditfitsontoonepage.If not,EAGLEchangesthescalefactor,sothatthedrawingdoesfitontoonepage.With Pagelimit 0thedrawingwillalwaysbeprintedwiththesetscalefactor.

Theprintercanbeselectedbyusingthebutton Printer.

Thebutton Page leadsyoutothepagesetupparameters.Ifthebox Captionischecked,thedrawingwillbeprintedwithafooter,containingthefilename,date,time,andscalefactor.

GeneratingGerberDatawiththeCAMProcessor

Thesamestepsareusuallyrequiredforeachboardwheneverfilmsandmanufacturingdataaregenerated.ThisprocesscanbedefinedasaCAMProcessorjob.

Thefile gerber.cam,whichcanbefoundinthedefaultsubdirectoryforCAMjobs,automatestheoutputofGerberdatafordoublesidedboards.

Attention: TheprocessdescribedcanonlybeusedforGerberphotoplotters with flexible aperturewheels,notforphotoplotterswithfixedaperturewheels.

Pleasecontactyourboardhousetoconfirmwhichdataareneeded.

LoadthejobintotheCAMProcessor,eitherbydouble-clickingtheentrywiththename gerber.cam intheControlPanel'streeview(CAMJobs),or

byclickingtheCAMProcessoriconintheLayoutEditorwindowandse-lecting gerber.cam inthefiledialog(⇒ File/Open/Job).

IncaseyouhavestartedtheCAMprocessorfromtheControlPanel,loadtheboardfile demo3.brd:

⇒ File/Open/Board and • • demo3.brd

Clickthebutton ProcessJob andconfirmbothprompts Deletename.$$$...and Morethan... with • OK .

Nowallofthenecessaryfileswillbewrittenintothe Project directory

(wherethedrawingandboardfilesforthisprojectarelocated).

Thefileshavethefollowingmeanings:

56

EAGLE-Tutorial



demo3.cmp Componentside

demo3.sol Solderside

demo3.plc Silkscreenforcomponentside

demo3.stc Solderingmaskforthecomponentsidedemo3.sts Solderingmaskforthesolderside

demo3.whl Aperturewheelfile

demo3.gpi Informationfile,notrelevant

demo3.$$$ Temporaryfile,tobedeleted

Thefirstsixfilesneedtobesenttoyourboardmanufacturer.

Drillingdatacanbegeneratedaccordinglybyusingthejob excellon.cam.

BeforeyoustarttheCAMprocessoryouhavetogeneratea Rackfile whichcontainsatoollistforthedrillingmachine.Togenerateit,starttheUserLanguageprogram drillcfg.ulp withtheRUNcommandintheLayoutEdi-torwindow.TheULPgeneratesafile boardname.drl thatwillbereadbytheCAMProcessor.

FurtherinformationcanbefoundontheCAMProcessorhelppages.

22 DataExchangewithEAGLEUserLanguage

EAGLEcomeswithanintegratedC-likeUserLanguageinterpreterwhichhasaccesstovirtuallyalldata(inEAGLEorexternalfiles).UserLanguageprogramscancreateanyfiletypeandthereforegenerateanydataformatusedbyothersoftwareorhardware.Agoodexampleisthefile bom.ulpwhichgeneratesabillofmaterial.

Pleasehavealookatthefileswiththeextension *.ulp andtheUserLan-guagesectionofthehelpfunctiontogetabetterideaofthepossibilitiesin-herentintheprogram.

AdditionalUserLanguageprogramscanbefoundonourwebpages:http:wwwcadsoftusacomdownloadhtm (UserFilesdirectory).

23 ScriptFiles-FlexibleInputInterface

ScriptfilesaretextfileswhichcancontainanyEAGLEcommand(see

EAGLE-Tutorial

tutorial eng

Documents