tutorial 2 developing a web site
DESCRIPTION
Tutorial 2 Developing a Web Site. Objectives. Learn how to storyboard various Web site structures Create links among documents in a Web site Understand relative and absolute folder paths Work with the base element Mark a location with the id attribute Create a link to an id - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Tutorial 2Developing a Web
Site
XPXPXPXPXPObjectives• Learn how to storyboard various Web site
structures• Create links among documents in a Web site• Understand relative and absolute folder paths• Work with the base element• Mark a location with the id attribute• Create a link to an id• Mark an image as a link
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 2
XPXPXPXPXPObjectives• Create an image map from an inline image• Remove an image border• Understand URLs• Link to a site on the Web• Link to an FTP site• Link to an e-mail address• Work with hypertext attributes• Work with metadata
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 3
XPXPXPXPXPWorking with Web Site Structures• A storyboard is a diagram of a Web site’s structure,
showing all the pages in the site and indicating how they are linked together
• It is important to storyboard your Web site before you start creating your pages in order to determine which structure works best for the type of information the site contains
• A well-designed structure can ensure that users will be able to navigate the site without getting lost or missing important information
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 4
XPXPXPXPXPLinear Structures
• In a linear structure, each page is linked with the pages that follow and precede it in an ordered chain
• Linear structure works best for Web pages with a clearly defined order
• In an augmented linear structure, each page contains an additional link back to an opening page
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 5
XPXPXPXPXPLinear Structures
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 6
A linear structure
An augmented linear structure
XPXPXPXPXPHierarchical Structures• In the hierarchical structure, the pages are linked
going from the home page down to more specific pages
• Users can easily move from general to specific and back again
• Within this structure, a user can move quickly to a specific scene within the page, bypassing the need to move through each scene in the play
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 7
XPXPXPXPXPHierarchical Structures
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 8
XPXPXPXPXPMixed Structures• As Web sites become larger and more complex,
you often need to use a combination of several different structures
• The overall form can be hierarchical, allowing the user to move from general to specific; however, the links also allow users to move through the site in a linear fashion
• A site index is a page containing an outline of the entire site and its contents
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 9
XPXPXPXPXPMixed Structures
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 10
XPXPXPXPXPWeb Site with No Coherent Structure
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 11
XPXPXPXPXPProtected Web Site Structures• Sections of most commercial Web sites are off-
limits except to subscribers and registered customers
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 12
XPXPXPXPXPCreating a Hypertext Link
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 13
XPXPXPXPXPCreating a Hypertext Link• To link to a page, you specify the name of the file using
the href attribute of the <a> tag (anchor tag)– <a href = “reference” > content </a>
• Where reference is the location being linked to and content is the document content that is being marked as a link.
• For example:– < a href = “home.htm” > Home </a>– The word “Home” will be underlined, providing a visual clue to
the user that the text is linked to another document (home.htm)
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 14
XPXPXPXPXPCreating a Hypertext Link• Filenames are case sensitive on some operating
systems, including the UNIX and Macintosh, but not on others
• The current standard is to use lowercase filenames for all files on a Website and to avoid special characters such as blanks and slashes
• You should also keep filenames short to avoid typing errors
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 15
XPXPXPXPXPCreating Hypertext Links
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 16
XPXPXPXPXPSpecifying a Folder Path
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 17
XPXPXPXPXPSpecifying a Folder Path
• To create a link to a file located in a different folder than the current document, you must specify the file’s location, or path
• HTML supports two kinds of paths: absolute and relative.
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 18
XPXPXPXPXPLinking to Documents in Other FoldersAn absolute path specifies a file’s precise location within a computer’s entire folder structure.Syntax of an absolute path:
/folder1/folder2/folder3/fileWhere folder1 is the topmost folder in the computer’s
folder tree, followed by folder2, folder3, and so forth.
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 19
XPXPXPXPXPAbsolute Paths
<a href="/Users/Toshiba/Desktop/tips/tip.htm" >tip1</a>
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 20
XPXPXPXPXPAbsolute Paths
If files are located on different drives as well as in different folders, you must include the driver letter in the form
/drive|/folder1/folder2/folder3/fileFor example
/C|/cameshots/pages/tips/tips1.html
Note:The drive letter C does NOT have to be included if the documents are located on the same hard drive
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 21
XPXPXPXPXPRelative Paths
• A relative path specifies a file’s location in relation to the location of the current document.
• If the file is in the same location as the current document, you do not have to specify the folder name.
• If the file is in a subfolder of the current document, you have to include the name of the subfolder
folder/file
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 22
XPXPXPXPXPRelative Paths
<a href="tips/tip.htm" >tip1</a>
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 23
XPXPXPXPXPRelative Paths• If you want to go one level up the folder tree, you start
the relative path with a double period (..) and then provide the name of the file.
../file• To specify a different folder on the same level, known as
a sibling folder, you move up the folder tree using the double period (..) and then down the tree using the name of the sibling folder.
../folder/file• You should almost always use relative paths in
your links.
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 24
XPXPXPXPXPSpecifying a Folder Path
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 25
XPXPXPXPXPLinking to Locations within
Documents• To jump to a specific location within a document,
you first need to mark that location• One way to identify elements in an HTML
document is to use the id attribute• The id element uses the syntax: id=“id ” where id is the id name assigned to
the element.<h2 id=“H”>H</h2>
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 26
XPXPXPXPXPUsing the id Attribute• Id names must be unique, if you assign the same
id to more than one element on your Web page, the browser uses the first occurrence of the id name.
• Id names are not case sensitive.
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 27
XPXPXPXPXPLinking to an id• Once you’ve marked an element using the id
attribute, you can create a hypertext link to that element using the hypertext link
<a href = “#id”>content </a>For example to create a link to h2 heading for the
letter A in the glossary document, you would enter the following code:
<a href=“#A”>A</a>
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 28
XPXPXPXPXPUsing the id Attribute for glossary.htm
<h1 style="color: blue">Glossary</h1> <p> [<a href="#A">A</a>] [<a href="#B">B</a>] [<a href="#C">C</a>] [<a href="#D">D</a>] [<a href="#E">E</a>] [<a href="#F">F</a>] [G] [H] [I] [J] [K] [L] [M] [N] [O] [P] [Q] [R] [S] [T] [U] [V] [W] [X] [Y] [Z] </p>
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 29
XPXPXPXPXPLinking to Locations within Documents
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 30
XPXPXPXPXPThe id Attribute (top of page)• Use the id attribute to mark the top of the page<body> <div id="top"> <img src="camshots.jpg" alt="CAMshots" /> </div>… etc. …. Much more follows …<hr /> <div><a href="#top">Return to Top</a> ⇑</div> <hr /> <address> CAMshots ››› Advice and News from the World of Digital
Photography by Patrick Healy </address></body></html>
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 31
XPXPXPXPXPCreating Links between Documents• To create a link to a specific location in another
file, enter the code<a href="reference#id">content</a>
where reference is a reference to an HTML or XHTML file and id is the id of an element marked within that file
<a href =“glossary.htm#D>”D” terms in the Glossary</a>
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 32
XPXPXPXPXPCreating Links between Documents
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 33
XPXPXPXPXPWorking with Linked Images & Image Maps
• A standard practice on the Web is to turn the Web site’s logo into a hypertext link pointing to the home page<a href="reference"><img src="file" alt="text" /></a>
• HTML also allows you to divide an image into different zones, or hotspots, each linked to a different destination
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 34
XPXPXPXPXPWorking with Linked Images & Image Maps
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 35
XPXPXPXPXPRemoving the border from an inline
image• To remove a border from an inline image, add
the following attribute to the <img> tag:style = “border-width:0”
• Example:• <img src="camshots.jpg" alt="CAMshots"
style="border-width: 0" />
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 36
XPXPXPXPXPIntroducing URLs• To create a link to a resource on the Internet, you
need to know its URL• A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) specifies the
precise location of a resource on the Internet• A protocol is a set of rules defining how
information is exchanged between two resources
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 37
XPXPXPXPXPIntroducing URLs• Your Web browser communicates with Web
servers using the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
• The URLs for all Web pages must start with the scheme “http”
• Other Internet resources use different protocols and have different scheme names
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 38
XPXPXPXPXPLinking to a Web Site
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 39
To create a link to a Web site from your document, use the URL of the Web site as the value of the href attribute.<a href="http://www.apogeephoto.com">Apogee Photo</a>
XPXPXPXPXPLinking to an E-Mail Address
To create a hypertext link to an e-mail address, use the following syntax:
<a href="mailto:address">content</a>
Exampel:<a href="mailto :[email protected]">E-mail us</a>
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 40
XPXPXPXPXPTutorial- 2 Summary• Create a Web site with several linked pages• Storyboarding and complex Web structures• Creating Web pages linked together• Links to locations within documents and from
another document• Inline images and image maps
New Perspectives on HTML and XHTML, Comprehensive 41