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Construction & Quantity Surveying

by

Ms Chandanie Hadiwattege [BSc(Hons) in Quantity Surveying

University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka

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Quant i ty Surveyo rsmust be

both

business andtechnically oriented

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Quantity Surveying Education

Quant ity Surveying Knowledge Base

Interdisciplinary Education Practice rather than theory based

Foundation of Business and Science Courses

Architectural & Engineering Coursework

Core of Construction Management Courses

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Engineering Subjects

Strength of Materials

Statics and Structures Soil Mechanics

Steel and ConcreteDesign

Surveying

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Business Management

Accounting

Economics

Statistics

Financial Mgt.

Contract Law

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Basic Ski l ls needed by Quant i ty Surveyors

Estimating

Computer

Leadership/supervisory

Communication = writing and oral

skills

Negotiating

Team Building

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Construction Management Functions

Coordination

Planning & Scheduling

Purchasing & Expediting

Supervision

Cost Control

Documentation and Reporting

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Construction ManagementFunctions

Quality Control/Quality Assurance

Estimating

Safety and Risk Management

Contract Administration

Claims Analysis/Avoidance

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Additional Skills & Knowledge needed

by Construction Engineers

Surveying

Structural Design

CADD/Drafting

Specialization in Mechanical, Electrical,

Chemical, or Environmental disciplines

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Construction EngineeringFunctions

Preparation and Review of ShopDrawings

Constructability & SequencingStudies

Value Engineering

Erection Diagrams and Procedures

Survey & Layout

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Executive Functions

Corporate Management Strategic Planning

Marketing & Business Development

Public Relations

Labor Relations

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Executive Functions

Ultimately responsible for

quality, safety, production, and

general financial health.

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Project Life Cycle

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Life Cycle of a Constructed

Facility

1. Concept and Feasibility

2. Engineering and Design

3. Procurement4. Construction

5. Startup and Implementation

6. Operation or Utilization

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What is Construction?

Application of art and science

Inherently dangerous

Organized chaos

Mankind using creativity, knowledge,

strength, determination, and persistence

to control his environment

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Construction differs frommanufacturing in that:

Not performed in controlled conditions,therefore highly impacted by weather andother environmental conditions

Seasonality

Each project is unique

Remotes sites with various access

problems

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Construction differs from

manufacturing in that:

Process is not as predictable

Difficulty in applying automation

High potential for encounteringunforeseen conditions

Costs can vary according to conditions

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Construction differs from manufacturing in

that:

Difficult to manage and supply utilities and

other resources.

Technical innovations are adopted slower. Success is dependent upon the quality of its

people.

Very custom-oriented

Product can be of mind-boggling size, cost,

and complexity

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Problems Facing Construction Industry:

Highly traditional and fragmented;

slow to embrace new technology

Restrictive/outdated building codes

Labor agreements and craft

jurisdictional issues Liability and legal considerations

Lack of profit motive or other incentive

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Problems Facing the Construction Industry:

Government regulation

Environmental constraints

NIMBY syndrome

Global competition

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Construction & Qu antity Surveying

The BlameGame

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Overview of the Construction Industry

Around 10% of GNP

Employment Annual Volume

Vital to the Nations economic

health and quality of life

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Industry Divisions

1. Residential Construction

2. (Institutional & Commercial)

Building Construction3. Heavy Construction

4. Industrial Construction

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Residential

Types

Single family houses

Multi family dwellings

High-rise apartments &condominiums

Low capital and technologyrequirements

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Residential(continued)

Largely private

Often speculative

Developers = surrogate owners

Designed by architects,builders/developers

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Bu i ld ing Cons truct ion

Institutional and

CommercialConstruction

Schools anduniversities

Medical clinics and

hospitals Recreational

facilities and sportsstadiums

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Bui ld ing Construct ion

Retail stores and

shopping centers

Warehouses and

light manufacturing

Office buildings

(single story to sky

scrappers)

Hotels, convention

centers, and theaters

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Bu i ld ing Construct ion

Institutional and Commercial

Construction

Temples, Churchesand Mosques

Prisons

Courthouses and

other governmentbuildings

O i f th C t ti I d t

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Bu i ld ing Construct ion

Larger and more complex thanresidential

Various owners (mostly private)

Designed by architects andengineers

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Heavy Construc t ion

HorizontalConstruction

Mostly publicfinancing or large

consortium

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Heavy Cons truct ion

Highway & Bridges

Railroads & UrbanTransit Systems

Tunnels and Dams

Airports

Canals

Port & harbor structures

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Heavy Constru ct ion

Pipelines

Sewer Systems Water treatment &

distribution systems

Power & communication

networks Landfills

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Heavy Constru ct ion

Mass quantities of basic

materials: earth, rock,steel, timber, andconcrete

Constructors needknowledge of engineering

and geology Engineers and builders

are often specialized

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Heavy Construct ion

Greatest impact on

land and water

High degree of

mechanization

Contracts awarded

through competitive

bidding


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Indus tr ial Cons truct ion

Very large scale projects

High degree of technological complexity

Designed and built by the largest firms with

the highest level of technical sophistication

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Indus tr ial Construc t ion

Petroleum refineries

Steel mills & aluminum

plants

Chemical processing plants

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Indus tr ial Cons truct ion Fossil fuel & nuclear

power plants

Other heavy

manufacturing facilities


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Indus tr ial Construct ion

Complex mechanical systems, process piping,and instrumentation

Civil, but also mechanical, chemical, and

electrical engineering disciplines involved

Mostly private ownership (in western

countries)


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Indus tr ial Construct ion

Negotiated contracts are typical

Turnkey contract arrangements are

common

Design-constructor must be intimately

familiar with the technology and operations of

the facility


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Construction Industry is further

subdivided into sectors or segments by:

Public vs. private ownership/funding

Union labor vs. open shop

Organization and method of project delivery

Type of work: new vs. rehab/retrofit/restoration

Contract type


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Part ic ipants in the Construct ion

Process

1. Owner

Private or public

Conceives the construction project

Increasing level of sophistication


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Part ic ipants in the Construc t ion Process

2. Designer

Architects

Size of firms ranging form single practitionerto large integrated firms

Mostly building and residential construction

Engineers Civil, mechanical, structural,

electrical,chemical, environmental,geotechechnical, and multidiscipline


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3. General Contractor General contractor also called Prime

contractor

Specialty contractors working as

subcontractors Organization ranges from small, one-person

company to large, integrated A/E/C firms

Part of a design-build team


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Part ic ipants in the Construct ion Process

4. Construction Manager Two principle divisions of CM

CM for Fee (management services only)

CM At Risk

Operates similarly to a GC or DB with no laboror capital equipment

Can encompass the management of the designprocess as well as construction

CM services including inspection and overallproject or program management


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Part ic ipants in the Cons truc t ion Process

5. Suppliers

Manufactures, distributors, research,

promotions

Materials and equipment sales

Equipment Rental

6. Fabricators Structural steel, pre-castors, wood products

7. Labor/Trade Unions

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8. Government Federal, State, local, and quasi-government

Owner/client

Non-ownership functions Taxation and regulation

Standards

Local: County/City/Township Building Officials,Planning Boards, and Zoning Commissions

Quasi-government agencies: developmentauthorities, bridge and turnpike commissions


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9. Utility Companies

Electric, communications, water,

gas,sanitary sewer

Private petroleum pipelines

Owner or service provider

Integral part of the process

Existing facilities in conflict with new

construction

Interruption of service can be very costly


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10. Industry Associations

Organizations of construction contractors Organizations of the design and

management professions

Construction material and equipment

suppliers and product research Construction labor organizations

Coordination and arbitration

Inspection, specifications, and costs


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Functions and services

Industry information and communication

Development and maintenance of standards

Interindustry coordination

Collective bargaining Statistics (market & industry)

Meetings and conventions

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Functions and services Public relations

Joint industry promotions

Management education

Market development

Apprenticeship training

Legislative

Government relations

Product research

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Part ic ipants in the Constru ct ion Process

11. Professional Services

Business/management consultants

Legal council

CPA firms

Surety Companies

Financial Institutions/Lenders

Insurance agents

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Part ic ipants in the Constru ct ion Process

12. Adjacent Owners and the Public At-

Large

Existing businesses, institutions, and

residences adjacent to the

constructed facility

Civic organizations and communitygroups

Railroads and public lands


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Project Del ivery Organ izat ion

Construction by owners forces

Owner-managed construction

Construction by general contractor

Design-build team

CM Contract


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Construction employing owner forces

Usually small in-house construction or

renovations Industrial projects or institutional (such as

hospitals or schools

Owner-managed construction

Residential/commercial building

developers

Industrial or institutional


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Construction by General Contractor

Also referred to as Prime Contractor

Most common method of delivery

Contractor bears substantial risks and

financial responsibility

Facility designed by in-house

architect/engineer or by design

consultants Often requires specialty subcontractors

Specialty contractors might include those

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Specialty contractors might include those

specializing in one of the following:

Excavation

Steel erection

Concrete Cast-in-place

Prestressed/Precast

Masonry

Timber/wood

framing

Piping/plumbing

Clearing and

grubbing

Blasting/demolition Electrical

Painting

HVAC

Environmental

remediation

Many, many others


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Design-Build (Turnkey)

Single firm or team responsible for design and

construction minimizes coordination problems

More efficient designs with the interjection of

constructibility and innovation

Often employs fast-track construction

Benefits include reduced overall delivery time and

one-stop shopping for the owner

Disadvantages include complexity of evaluating

proposals


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CM Contract -- Fee (managementservices only) also referred to asAgency Specialized construction skills through all project

stages including preconstruction

Provides close coordination between design andconstruction

Eliminates impact of conflicts of interest

Independent and objective evaluation of costs,schedules, and performance

Potential saving in time and cost

Disadvantages include no risks associated with

costs increase


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CM ContractAt-Risk CM assumes financial risks similar to a GC

CM manages all phases of the work withoutperforming any actual work tasks

CMs only resources are management personnel

Contractors/subcontractors have a direct contract

privity with CM Contract form is often a negotiated guaranteed

maximum price arrangement

Disadvantages includes lack of impartiality

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Thank You !

tute 02

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