tusgag
TRANSCRIPT
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Ãàçàðç¿éí çóðãèéí òóñãàã, ìàñøòàá,
ýëåìåíò¿¿ä
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Ãàçàðç¿éí çóðãèéí îíöëîã
• Òóñãàé òàíèõ òýìäýã õýðýãëýäýã
• Ìàñøòàáòàé• Çóðàãç¿éí åðºíõèéëºë àøèãëàäàã• Çóðàãëàëûí òóñãàé àðãóóäààð
çóðàãääàã• Äýëõèéí áºìáºðöãèéã õàâòãàé
äýýð áóóëãàäàã
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Äýëõèéí áºìáºðöãèéã õàâòãàé äýýð áóóëãàäàã
ìàòåìàòèê àðãà÷ëàëûã ÒÓÑÃÀà ãýíý.
Òóñãàãèéã ÿìàð ãàçðûã ä¿ðñëýõ ãýæ áàéãààãààñ õàìààð÷ ãåîìåòðûí ººð ººð
ä¿ðñèéí òóñëàìæòàé çóðäàã.
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Òóñãàãèéí òºðë¿¿ä
• ÖÈËÈÍÄЕ ÊÎÍÓÑ• ÀÇÈÌÓÒ òóñãàãèéã õàìãèéí èõ
àøèãëàäàã áºãººä ìºí ýäãýýð íü äîòðîî îëîí òºðºë áàéäàã.
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Òóñãàãèéã ãàæèëòààð íü :
• ÒÝÍÖ¯¯ ªÍÖªÃÒ ÒÓÑÃÀÕ ÒÝÍÖ¯¯ ÒÀËÁÀÉÒ ÒÓÑÃÀÕ ÒÝÍÖ¯¯ ÇÀÉÒ ÒÓÑÃÀà ÃÝÆ
ÀÍÃÈËÍÀ.
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Òóñãàãèéí îíöëîã
Òóñãàãèéí íýð
Îíöëîã øèíæ
1.ÒÝÍÖ¯¯ ªÍÖªÃÒ
Ýêâàòîðîîñ õîéøëîõ òóñàì 2 çýðãýäèéí õîîðîíäûí çàé èõýñíý. ªíöãèéí ãàæèëòã¿é .Òàëáàéí õýìæýý , óðò ººð÷ëºãäºíº.Õýëáýð ä¿ðñ çºâ çóðàãäàíà.
2. ÒÝÍÖ¯¯ ÒÀËÁÀÉÒ
Òàëáàéí ãàæèëòã¿é . Ýêâàòîðîîñ õîéøëîõ òóñàì 2 çýðãýäèéí õîîðîíäûí çàé îéðòîíî. ªíöãèéí ãàæèëò ¿¿ñíý. Çóðàãò ä¿ðñëýãäýõ ç¿éëèéí õýëáý𠺺ð÷ëºãäºí ñóíàæ çóðàãäàíà
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ÖÈËÈÍÄÐ òóñãàã
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Êîíóñ òóñãàã
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Àçèìóò òóñãàã
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Ãàçàðç¿éí çóðãèéí ìàñøòàá
• Ãàçðûí çóðàã äýýð áîäèò ç¿éëèéí õýìæýýã õýä äàõèí áàãàñãàñíûã èëýðõèéëñýí õýìæýýã òóõàéí çóðãèéí ÌÀÑØÒÀÁ ãýíý.
• ªºðººð õýëáýë ãàçðûí çóðàã äýýðõ øóãàìûí óðòûã æèíõýíý ãàçàð äýýðõ óðòàä íü õàðüöóóëñàí õàðüöààã ìàñøòàá ãýíý
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Ìàñøòàáûí òºðºë
Òîîí ìàñøòàá
1:50 000
Íýðëýñýí ìàñøòàá
Õºíäëºí ìàñøòàá
Øóãàìàí ìàñøòàá
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Òîîí ìàñøòàá
• Çóðãèéí ìàñøòàáûã òîîí õàðüöààãààð èëýðõèéëíý.
• 1:10000• 1:1500000• 1:1000 ãýäýã áîë òóõàéí çóðàã
äýýðõè áîäèò õýìæýýã òîäîðõîéëîõ öýãèéí àðûí òîîãîîð äàõèí áàãàñãàñàí ãýñýí ¿ã þì.
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Øóãàìàí ìàñøòàá
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• ÃÎË ÌÀÑØÒÀÁ – Çóðãèéí ìàñøòàá• ÅЪÍÕÈÉËªË – Çóðàõ ç¿éëýý çóðãèéí
ìàñøòàá çîðèóëàëòàä òîõèðóóëàí ñîíãîõ• ÌÀÑØÒÀÁÛÍ ÊÎÍÒÓÐ – Çàðèì ç¿éëèéã
ãàçðûí çóðãèéí ìàñøòàáûí õýìæýýíä òîõèðóóëàí çóðàõ
• ÌÀÑØÒÀÁÛÍ ÁÓÑ ÒÝÌÄÝÃ – Çóðàãò ¿ç¿¿ëýõ øààðäëàãàòàé áîëîâ÷ ìàñøòàáààð áàãàñãàí çóðàõ áîëîìæã¿é ç¿éëñèéã ä¿ðñëýõ. Æ íü: çàì, õèë, õîò ñóóðèí
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Äàäëàãà ¹1
• Çóðãèéã àæèãëàí äàðààõ àñóóëò äààëãàâðûã ã¿éöýòãýõ
1. ßìàð òóñãàãààð çóðàãäñàí áàéíà âý?
2. Çóðãèéí ãîë ìàñøòàá õààíàà áàéõ âý?
3. Çóðãèéí óðòðàã ºðãºðºãèéí øóãàì áîäèò áàéäëààñ õýðõýí ººð÷ëºãäñºíèéã òàéëáàðëàõ.
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Äàäëàãà -¹ 2
• Ìîíãîë îðíû ãàçàð ç¿éí çóðãèéí òóñãàãèéã òàéëáàðëàõ .
• Äàðààõ çóðãóóä ÿìàð òóñãàãààð çóðàãäñàí áý?
• Òàë áºìáºðöãèéí çóðàã -• Äýëõèéí óëñ òºðèéí çóðàã -• Äýëõèéí öàãèéí á¿ñèéí çóðàã –• Àðêòèê , Àíòàðêòèäèéí çóðàã -
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Äàäëàãà - ¹3
• Ìîíãîë óëñûí 1 ºðõ àéë 0.07 ãà áóþó 20ì * 35ì ãàçàð ýçýìøèõ ýðõòýé. Òýãâýë õàøàà íü çàëãàà îðøèõ 1 ãóäàìæíû çýðýãöýý 4 àéëûí ãàçðûã 1 ñì-ò – 10 ì ìàñøòàáààð çóðæ òóñ á¿ðèéã ºí㺺ð ÿëãàõ
• ªãñºí õóóäàñ àøèãëàí çóðàãëàõ
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ÁÀÉРǯÉÍ ÇÓÐÃÈÉÍ ÒÓÕÀÉ
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Áàéðç¿éí çóðàã
• 4 ãðàäóñûí ýãíýý• 6 ãðàäóñûí áàãàíààñ òîãòîíî• Ìàñøòàá íü 1:1000000 -ààñ òîì áàéíà• Ãàçàðç¿éí êîîðäèíàòûí ñèñòåìýýñ ãàäíà
êèëîìåòðèéí áóþó òýãø ºíöºãò êîîðäèíàòûí ñèñòåìûã äàâõàð àøèãëàäàã.
• Òàíèõ òýìäã¿¿ä íü èë¿¿ íàðèéâ÷ëàëòàé òîäîðõîé áàéäàã.
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• 840-900 – 45-ð áàãàíà /15/• 900-960 – 46-ð áàãàíà /16/• 960-1020 – 47-ð áàãàíà /17/• 1020-1080 – 48-ð áàãàíà /18/• 1080-1140 – 49-ð áàãàíà /19/• 1140-1200 – 50-ð áàãàíà /20/
Ìîíãîë îðíû áàéð ç¿éí çóðàã
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Íýðëýë áóþó íîìåíêëàòóðÇóðãèéí íýð
Çàõûí õóóäàñíû íýðëýë
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Ãàçàðç¿éí ñîëáèöîë
Ýãíýý áóþóÊèëîìåòðèéí õºíäëºí øóãàì
Áàãàíà áóþóÊèëîìåòðèéí áîñîî øóãàì
Ñåêóíäûí õ¿ðýý
Ìèíóòûí õ¿ðýý
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194 5819- áàãàíûí äóãààð458- òýíõëýã ãîëäîæîîñ àëñëàãäñàí çàé (êì-ýýð)
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49 844984 – Ýêâàòîðîîñ àëñëàãäñàí çàé (êì – ýýð)
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Áàéðç¿éí çóðãèéí õóâààëò, íýðëýë
ÌÀÑØÒÀÁ ÓÐÒ-
ÐÀÃ
ªÐêЪÃ
ÕÓÓÄÀÑÍÛ ÒÎÎ
ÍÝÐËÝË
1:1 000 000
40 60 1 L-46
1:500 000 20 30 4 L-46-A
1:300 000 10201 20 9 IX-L-46
1:200 000 401 10 36 L-46-XXXYI
1:100 000 201 301 144 L-46-144
1:50 000 101 151 576 L-46-144-A
1:25 000 51 713011 2304 L-46-144-A-a
1:10 000 21301
1
314511 9216 L-46-144-A-a-1
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ÄÀÄËÀÃÀ – ÀÆÈË
• Áàéð ç¿éí 1 õóóäàñ çóðãèéí ñóìààð çààñàí ýëåìåíò¿¿äèéã íýðëýí áè÷èæ òàéëáàðëàõ
• L – 49 õóóäàñíû 4 òàëä íü çàëãàõ õóóäàñ á¿ðèéã íýðëýí áè÷èõ
• Ñõåìèéã íºõºí áè÷èõ /Õóâààëòûí ¿ñýã , òîî , ìàñøòàá áîëîí íýðëýëèéã ã¿éöýýí áè÷ /
• Áàéð ç¿éí çóðàã äýýð öýãèéí òýãø ºíöºãò ñîëáèöîëûã îëîõ
• Ç¿ñýëò áàéãóóëàõ , çóðàã äýýð /ç¿ã ÷èã/ àçèìóò îëîõ
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Ãàçàð ç¿éí ñóðãàëòàíä òóëãàð÷ áóé àñóóäëóóä
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Êàáèíåòèéí ñèñòåìýýð õè÷ýýëëýõ
Òàíõèìûí ãàäóóðõè ñóðãàëòûã îíîâ÷òîé çîõèîí áàéãóóëàõ Ñóðãàëòûí õºòºëáºð áîëîâñðóóëàõàä òàíõèìûí ãàäóóðõè ñóðãàëòûí
öàãèéã òóñãàí ºãºõ Ñòàíäàðòûí ìýäëýã , ÷àäâàðûí çàäàðãààã àíãè á¿ðýýð ãàðãàæ ºãºõ
íü ÷óõàë ¯íýëãýýíèé àñóóäëûã áîëîâñðîíãóé áîëãîõÑóðãàëòûí õºòºëáºð áîëîâðóóëàõ àðãà ç¿éã øèíý÷ëýõ Íýãæ õè÷ýýë òºëºâëºëòèéã îíîâ÷òîé áîëîâñðóóëàõ Æèøèã äààëãàâàð áîëîâñðóóëàõ / Òàíèí ìýäýõ¿éí 4 òºâøèíººð /Õè÷ýýëèéí ÿâöàä áà õè÷ýýëèéí äàðàà õè÷ýýëä ¿íýëãýý õèéõ Áàãø ººðèéí õè÷ýýëä áà áóñäûí õè÷ýýëä ¿íýëãýý õèéí õàìòàð÷
àæèëëàõ Õè÷ýýëèéí õýëýëö¿¿ëýã òîãòìîë õèéæ áàéõ íü ÷óõàë .
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Íýãæ õè÷ýýëèéí õºòºëáºð áîëîâñðóóëàõ àðãà ç¿é
• Ñòàíäàðòûã íàðèéí ñóäàëæ ìýäëýã , ÷àäâàðûí çàäàðãààã íàðèéí ãàðãàõ õýðýãòýé
• Ñóðãàëòûí õºòºëáºðèéí á¿ëýã ñýäâèéí çàäàðãààã íàðèéí ãàðãàæ ¿¿íýýñ íýãæ õè÷ýýëèéã îíîâ÷òîé òºëºâëºõ
• Íýãæ õè÷ýýëèéí òºëºâëºëò õèéõäýý - Ìýäëýã , ÷àäâàð - Õýðýãëýýã òóñãàí òºëºâëºõ
• Íýãæ õè÷ýýëèéí öàãèéí çàäàðãààã íàðèéí ãàðãàõ • Ñóðàëöàã÷èéí ìýäëýã , ÷àäâàð , òºëºâøèëä íýãæ õè÷ýýëèéí
ñýäýâ , àãóóëãà õýðõýí íºëººëºõèéã òîäîðõîé ãàðãàñàí áàéõ • Ñóðàã÷äûí õèéõ ¿éë¿¿ä òîäîðõîé áàéõ • ßìàð ìýäëýã , ÷àäâàð ýçýìøñýí áàéõ ¿íýëãýýíèé ò¿âøèíã
òîäîðõîéëîí æèøèã äààëãàâðûã ñàéí áîëîâñðóóëàí àøèãëàõ / òàíèí ìýäýõ¿éí ò¿âøèíã õàðãàëçàõ /
•
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Íýãæ õè÷ýýëèéí ÿâöàä õ¿¿õýä ººðèé㺺 áîëîí áóñäûã ¿íýëýõ áîëîìæòîé áàéõ
• Íýãæ õè÷ýýëýýð ñóðàã÷äûí ýçýìøñýí áàéõ ìýäëýã , ÷àäâàð , òºëºâøèë òîäîðõîé áàéõ
• Íýãæ õè÷ýýëèéí õºòºëáºð íü áóñàä áàãø àøèãëàõ áîëîìæòîé , õ¿¿õýä áèå äààí ñóðàõ áîëîìæòîé áàéõ
• Áàãø , ñóðàã÷ àëü àëü íü íýìæ ñóäëàõ áîëîìæòîé íîì çîõèîëûí æàãñààëò ãàðãàí ºãºõ
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Áàãøèéí ¿éë àæèëëàãààíû òºëºâëºëò :
• ×èãë¿¿ëýí äýìæèõ • Ñýäýëæ¿¿ëýõ • Ǻâëºí òóñëàõ • Áèå äààñàí ¿éë àæèëëàãààã îíîâ÷òîé
çîõèîí áàéãóóëàõ , õºãæ¿¿ëýõ • Õàìòàð÷ àæèëëàõ
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Ñóðàã÷èéí ¿éë àæèëëàãàà
• ÀÄØ , àñóóëòàíä õàðèóëàõ , àñóóëò äààëãàâàð çîõèîõ
• Ìýäýýëýë îëæ öóãëóóëàõ • Ìýäýýëýëä áîëîâñðóóëàëò õèéõ ,
ìýäýýëýë ñîëèëöîõ • Á¿òýýë÷ òýìäýãëýãýý õèéõ • Ñõåì á¿ä¿¿â÷ çîõèîí àíàëèç õèéõ • Áîäîõ , æèøèõ ,õàðüöóóëàëò õèéõ ,
çîõèîí á¿òýýõ , àíàëèç ñèíòåç õèéõ
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Ãðàôèê , äèàãðàìì áàéãóóëàí ¿íýëãýý õèéõ
• Åðºíõèé ¿íýëãýý , ä¿ãíýëò ãàðãàõ • Ìýòãýëöýõ • Òóðøèëò õèéõ , äàñãàëûí çóðàãò
òýìäýãëýõ • ªºðèé㺺 áîëîí áóñäûí ¿íýëýõ • Áàãààð àæèëëàõ àðãà ç¿éã ýçýìøèõ • Õýðýãëýýíèé ìýäëýã ýçýìøèõ
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Ãàçàð ç¿éí õè÷ýýëä òîãòâîðòîé õºãæëèéí áîëîâðîëûí ¿çýë ñàíààã òóñãàõ
• 1992 îíä Áðàçèëèéí Ðèî-äå-Æàíåéðî õîòíîî áîëñîí îëîí óëñûí ÷óóëãàíààð 21-ð çóóíû äàÿí äýëõèéí “Òîãòâîðòîé õºãæëèéí õºòºëáºðèéã áàòàëñàí.
• Ìàíàé óëñ 1982 îíä 21-ð çóóíû “Ìîíãîë îðíû òîãòâîðòîé õºãæëèéí ¿íäýñíèé õºòºëáºð” áîëîâñðóóëàí áàòàëñàí.
• Òîãòâîðòîé õºãæèë ãýäýã íü: Áàéãàëü , íèéãýì , ýäèéí çàñàã 3 õàðèëöàí ø¿òýëöýýòýé õºãæèõ ,áàéãàëüä ýýëòýé õ¿íèé õºãæèë, íèéãýì , ýäèéí çàñãèéí òîãöîëöîîã áèé áîëãîõ àñóóäàë þì.
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Òîãòâîðòîé õºãæëèéí áîëîâñðîëûí ¿çýë ñàíààã ñóðãàëòàíä òóñãàõ
• Ãàçàð ç¿éí ñóðãàëòàíä òîãòâîðòîé õºãæëèéí áîëîâñðîëûí ¿çýë ñàíààã òóñãàõ àñóóäàë íü áàéãàëüä ýýëòýé õºãæëèéí òåõíîëîãèéã áèé áîëãîõ
• Õ¿íèé õºãæëèéã õàíãàõ çàìààð áàéãàëü , íèéãýì , ýäèéí çàñãèéí áàéãàëüä ýýëòýé òîãòîëöîîã á¿ðä¿¿ëýõ
• Íèéãìèéí õºãæèë , ýäèéí çàñàã íü áàéãàëèéí õºãæëèéí ç¿é òîãòîëòîé õàðèëöàí ø¿òýëöýýòýé áàéäàã òóë ñóðãàëòûí ÿâöàä ñóðàã÷äàä áàéãàëü õàìãààëàõ ¿çýë òºëºâø¿¿ëýõ