turkish coal industry
TRANSCRIPT
Selahaddin ANAÇ Ph.D.General Director and Chairman of the Board
“Present Situation of Coal in Energy Policy of Turkey and Turkish Coal Industry”
The 26th Annual International Pittsburgh Coal Conference
Pittsburgh , USA2009
TURKISH COAL ENTERPRISES
INTRODUCTION
TURKEY
One of the oldest continually inhabited regions in the world, As a cultural and an economical bridge between East and West, an EU candidate country, a regional power with a young, large population of approximately
71 million, 15th largest economy in the world with an estimated 941.6 billion
international dollars of gross domestic product(GDP),Primary Energy Consumption 112,5 Million tonnes petroleum
equivalent (TPE) in the year 2008,The Primary Energy Consumption average increasing rate of 2,8
percent per annum Total elecricity installed capacity 44.034 MW ,Total electricity consumption is expected 207Twh,(at the end of
the 2009)Installed capacity of based on coal 10.854 MW (24,6%),Total greenhouse gas emissions 372,64 Million tonnes CO2
equivalent,(2007)Per capita emissions 5,21 tonnes CO2 equivalent,Per capita CO2 emissions 4,25 tonnes
TURKISH COAL ENTERPRISES
ENERGY POLICY of TURKEY
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
natural gas oil lignite hardcoal
Production and import(percentage)
Production
import
2007
TURKISH COAL ENTERPRISES
COAL in ENERGY POLICY of TURKEY
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1995 2000 2001 2002 2007
Variation of Primary Energy(MTPE)
Demand
Production
TURKISH COAL ENTERPRISES
COAL in ENERGY POLICY of TURKEY
31%
31%
29%
4%
5%
Primary energy consumption 2007natural gas oil coal renewable resources bio waste
3% 8%
54%
17%
18%
Primary energy production 2007natural gas oil coal renewable resources bio waste
TURKISH COAL ENTERPRISES
COAL in ENERGY POLICY of TURKEY
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Coal production(M tonnes)
TURKISH COAL ENTERPRISES
COAL in ENERGY POLICY of TURKEY
0
50
100
150
200
250
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009*
Electricity generation and consumption(TWh)
production consumption
PRESENT SITUATION of COAL
48%
23%
17%
6%
1%5%
Electricity generation by source
natural gas domestic coal hydro imported coal wind liquid fuel
2008
COAL RESERVES and CALORIFIC VALUES
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
Afşin-Elbistan Konya-Karapınar Trakya Soma-Eynez Eskişehir-Alpu
New coal fields(Mtons)
TURKISH COAL ENTERPRISES
COAL RESERVES and CALORIFIC VALUES
3%
66%
26%
5%
1%
Calorific value(lignite)<1000 kcal/kg 1000-2000 kcal/kg 2001-3000 kcal/kg
3001-4000 kcal/kg >4000 kcal/kg
The calorific value of the hardcoal varybetween 5.450-7050 kcal/kg(LHV).
Hard coal reserves 1,32 Billiontonnes
TURKISH COAL ENTERPRISES
TURKISH COAL INDUSTRY
2.5
4,6
2.1
4,1
1.32
TKI EUAS P. Sector New Coal Fields TTK(hardcoal)
Coal reserves(Billion tonnes)
TURKISH COAL ENTERPRISES
TURKISH COAL INDUSTRY
44%
44%
12%
Lignite production
TKI EUAS P.SECTOR
76%
10%
14%
Lignite consumptionPower plant Industry Heating
2008
TURKISH COAL ENTERPRISES
TURKISH COAL INDUSTRY
8.348
1.651
720135
lignite imported coal hard coal asfaltit
Installed capacity based on coal(MW)
end of the 2008
TURKISH COAL ENTERPRISES
TURKISH COAL INDUSTRY
SOME OF THE THERMAL POWERS AT THE STAGE OF INSTALLATION
PROJECT NAMEREZERVE (MILLION TONNES)
CAPACITY TO BE INSTALLED
(MW)
OPERATION METHOD BID YEAR EXPLANATION
SİLOPİ(Harbul) 30 405 RENT 20031X135 MW FIRST QUARTER OF 2009 WİLL BE İN USE, ADDITIONAL 2X135 MW LICENSES WERE TAKEN. CONTRACT WAS SIGNED.
Çankırı‐Orta 51 170 SALE 2005 IN PROGRES
Bolu‐Göynük 39 270 RENT 2006 LICENCES ISSUED AND EIA IN PROGRESS
Tekirdağ‐Saray 129 300 RENT 2006 2X150 MW LICENCE AND EIA IN PROGRESS
Mihalıçcık‐KİAŞ 41 270 RENT 2007 2X135 MW LICENCE ISSUED AND EIA OK.
ŞIRNAK 28 270 RENT 2008 2X135 MW LICENCE APPLICATION MADE
TURKISH COAL ENTERPRISES
TURKISH COAL INDUSTRY
0
5,000
10,000
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Hardcoal(1000 tons)
Production
Import
Total
TURKISH COAL ENTERPRISES
TURKISH COAL INDUSTRY
5,912
293
4,443
184
1,666
11,000
Power plant Iron-steel Coke Domestic consumption
Cement Other industry
Hard coal consumption(Million tonnes )
2008
TURKISH COAL ENTERPRISES
CONCLUSION
As already known, the rapid increase in the recent years of the utilization of clean coaltechnologies in the World, has along with triggered also the use of coal. This is becausewhen that the life spans of the other fossil fuels (natural gas and petroleum) are 50-60years is considered, it becomes obvious that the most reliable energy resource is coal.
As the ratio of foreign dependency, just as in the world displayed a gradually increasingtrend also in Turkey and reached up to 70%’s, brought the issue of prioritization of thedomestic resources in the energy policies to the agenda of the energy sector again.
On the account of the reasons stated above, The Ministry of Energy and NaturalResources of the Republic of Turkey has explained how much importance that coal is inour country’s energy policy, just as it has in many other countries of the World, as statedbelow.
Coal strategy of Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources:
• Ensuring the diversification of primary energy sources, reducing the importdependency and increasing the share of indigenous sources for supplysecurity,
TURKISH COAL ENTERPRISES
CONCLUSION
• Utilization of known lignite and hard coal reserves till 2023 for electricity generation,
• Increasing the ratio of power plants running with domestic coal in the portfolio,
• Power plants running with high quality imported coal will also be preferred consideringsupply security,
• Exploration of new coal fields and increasing coal production
• Utilization of clean coal technologies to minimize the adverse effects of coal on theenvironment
Thus, rapid reduction of foreign dependency on energy consumption, in other words,increasing of domestic resources for energy supply carries significant importance for ourcountry and at this point, the importance of coal and especially lignite increases evenmore.
TURKISH COAL ENTERPRISES