7/29/2019 Turkish Cases

1/2

Cases

Cases are familiar to some languages such as Latin, German, Polish or Finnish. However, if yournative language is English, it may be difficult to learn cases immediately. But, if you use and/orstudy Turkish, you will understand the importance of case. In Turkish, prepositions like "to","from", "at","in" etc. do not exist. Instead, case suffixes are employed.

e, i , a, o, u ev "house" araba "car"

Yaln Hal"Nominative"

bahe "garden" araba "(a) car"

lgi Hali "Genitive" -(n)in-(n)n-(n)n-(n)unbahe "garden's" arabann "car's"Belirtme Hali"Accusative"

-(y)i -(y) -(y) -(y)ubaheyi "(the) garden (asan object)"

araba y "(the) car (as anobject)"

Ynelme Hali

"Dative" -(y)e -(y)e -(y)a -(y)a baheye "to garden" arabaya "to car"Bulunma Hali"Locative"

-de -de -da -da bahede "in garden" arabada "on car"

Ayrlma Hali"Ablative"

-den -den -dan -dan baheden "from garden" arabadan "from car"

Eitlik Hali "Essesive" -ce -ce -ca -ca bahece "as a garden" arabaca "as a car"lgi Hali "Instructive" -(y)le -(y)le -(y)la -(y)la baheyle "with garden" arabayla "with car"lgisizlik Hali"Abbesive"

-siz -sz -sz -suz bahesiz "without garden" arabasz "without car"

Example

Kitap okuyorum. "I'm reading a book." Nominative

Kitab okuyorum. "I'm reading the book." Accusative

Evin kaps. "House's door." Genitive

Eve gidiyorum. "I'm going to house." Dative

Evde bekliyorum."I'm waiting in house" Locative

Evden geldim. "I came from house." Ablative

Arabayla gidiceiz. "We will go with car." Instructive

Arabasz gidemeyiz. "We can't go without car." Abbesive

Suffixes attached to the names (people, cities, countries) are preceded by an ' . Ali => Ali'ye (to

Ali, male name)Tarkan => Tarkan'a (to Tarkan, male name)

7/29/2019 Turkish Cases

2/2

Aye => Aye'ye (to Aye, girl name)Sibel => Sibel'e (to Sibel, girl name)

The dative (-a, -e) and accusative (, i, u, ) case suffixes require a buffer consonant y in wordsending with a vowel and become (-ya, -ye) and (y, yi, yu, y) respectively as in:Ankara'ya (to Ankara); I am going to Ankara => Ankara'ya gidiyorum.

Trkiye'ye (to Turkey); I am going to Turkey => Trkiye'ye gidiyorum.haly (the carpet); I am buying the carpet. => Haly alyorum.

The genitive case requires an additional n in words ending with a vowel as in:Aye'nin (Aye's) => Aye'nin babas (Aye's father)Ali'nin (Ali's) => Ali'nin annesi (Ali's mother)Atilla'nn (Atilla's) => Atilla'nn abisi (Atilla's [elder] brother)Arto'nun (Arto's) => Arto'nun ninesi (Arto's grandmother)Hsn'nn (Hsn's) => Hsn'nn evi (Hsn's house)