TURBOCHARGER

PRESENTED BY:SWAPNIL B. VHOTKAR

INDEX WHAT IS A TURBOCHARGER WHY WE USE TECHNOLOGY BEHIND PARTS of a Turbocharger Turbocharger Design and Operation Turbocharger Size and Response Time BOOST CONTROL TURBOCHARGER FAILURES Maintenance / Problem Additional technologies commonly used in turbocharger installations Applications Advantages of Turbochargers The Disadvantages of Turbocharger Conclusion References

WHAT IS A TURBOCHARGER ? It is a turbine driven compressor. It uses the waste energy from exhaust gas to increase the charge

mass of air and power of the engine. Increase amount of air Locate at exhausr side Convert exhaust to mechanical work Compressor wheel is driven by shaft High Compress air in the turbocharger passed to intake

A TURBOCHARGER IS AN…

…“AIRPUMP” powered by the unused heat energy normally wasted out the exhaust.

WHY WE USE ? It uses some of the unused energy contained in the hot exhaust gases.

Wide range of power levels.

Increases the density of the air to add more fuel.

Reduces specific fuel oil consumption.

Improves mechanical, thermal efficiencies.

TECHNOLOGY BEHIND

Turbocharger is a turbine driven air compressor and a forced induction device powered by exhaust gases from the internal combustion engine.

Here, air is compressed twice once during induction into the engine and secondly during compression stroke of the engine

FIGURE 1: A turbocharger uses some of the heat energy that would normally be wasted.

PARTS of a Turbocharger

Turbine Compressor Bearing system Manifold Hot lines Cold lines Lubrication Lines

Figure 2:Parts of a Turbocharger

TURBOCHARGERSTurbocharger Design and Operation

A turbocharger consists of two chambers connected by a center housing.

The two chambers contain a turbine wheel and a compressor wheel connected by a shaft which passes through the center housing.

FIGURE 3. The exhaust drives the turbine wheel on the left, which is connected to the impeller wheel on the right through a shaft. The bushings that support the shaft are lubricated with engine oil under pressure.

TURBOCHARGERSTurbocharger Size and Response Time

Turbocharger response time is directly related to the size of the turbine and compressor wheels.

Small wheels accelerate rapidly; large wheels accelerate slowly. While small wheels would seem to have an advantage over larger ones, they may

not have enough airflow capacity for an engine. To minimize turbo lag, the intake and exhaust breathing capacities of an engine

must be matched to the exhaust and intake airflow capabilities of the turbocharger.

BOOST CONTROL

Both supercharged and turbocharged systems are designed to provide a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure in the intake manifold.

This increased pressure forces additional amounts of air into the combustion chamber over what would normally be forced in by atmospheric pressure.

This increased charge increases engine power.

BOOST CONTROLWastegate

• A turbocharger uses exhaust gases to increase boost, which causes the engine to make more exhaust gases, which in turn increases the boost from the turbocharger.

• To prevent overboost and severe engine damage, most turbocharger systems use a wastegate.

• A wastegate is a valve similar to a door that can open and close.

• The wastegate is a bypass valve at the exhaust inlet to the turbine.

• It allows all of the exhaust into the turbine, or it can route part of the exhaust past the turbine to the exhaust system.

FIGURE 4. A wastegate is used in the diesel to control maximum boost pressure.

BOOST CONTROLRelief Valves

A relief valve vents pressurized air from the connecting pipe between the outlet of the turbocharger and the throttle whenever the throttle is closed during boost, such as during shifts.

FIGURE 5. A blow-off valve is used in some turbocharged systems to relieve boost pressure during deceleration.

TURBOCHARGER FAILURES

When turbochargers fail to function correctly, a drop in power is noticed.

To restore proper operation, the turbocharger must be rebuilt, repaired, or replaced.

It is not possible to simply remove the turbocharger, seal any openings, and still maintain decent drivability.

Maintenance / Problem

LACK OF OIL DIRTY OIL MECHANICAL DAMAGE OF VANE WHEELS WASTEGATE CONTROL PROBLEMS OIL CAKING

Additional technologies commonly used in turbocharger installations Intercooling

Water injection Fuel-air mixture ratio Wastegate Anti-surge/dump/blow off valves Free floating

Applications

Petrol-powered cars Diesel-powered cars Motorcycles Trucks Aircraft Marine and land-based Diesel turbochargers

Advantages of Turbochargers

1. Safety

Vehicles become more responsive and safer to drive with a turbocharged engine as it can generate as much as seven times more power as compared to a non-turbocharged engine. Additionally, turbochargers are also able to prevent the loss of power at higher altitudes where regular engines will produce lesser power due to lower air pressure.

2. Petrol Consumption As the overall turbocharged engine size is smaller, less petrol will then be required

to produce the same amount of power as a non-turbocharged engine. This advantage can then be translated into a significant petrol cost savings.

3. Eco-friendly Petrol combustion is easier and more thorough with a turbocharged engine as more

air are delivered to the engine by the turbocharger. The result of this is a much cleaner process with lesser environmentally unfriendly NOx and CO2 emissions being produced by a turbocharged engine.

4. Noise Pollution

Turbocharger has the ability to silence any generated noise with its role as an additional silencer. Furthermore, all thanks to its smaller engine size, the sound-radiating outer surface is also smaller, thus will be less noisy.

5. Driving Pleasure Driving is made a real pleasure with a turbocharged engine as turbochargers

deliver more power output and a greater torque, which in turns improve your vehicle’s performance on the road.

The Disadvantages of Turbocharger

Installation System Cost Driving

Conclusion

It’s a forced induction device Increasing the efficiency of an engine Too much boost can result into preignition and knocking Half's the fuel consumption in an engine

References

www.wikepedia.org www.superchevy.com www.explara.com www.turbobygarrett.com

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