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Tupper 4pm seminar Tue, Apr 11, 4pm seminar speaker will be Phil Hedrick, Arizona State University Recent developments in conservation genetics Bambi seminar Thu, Apr 13, Bambi seminar speaker will be Philip Hedrick, Arizona State University Endangered salmon, red wolves, and Hopi indians: A potpourri of evolutionary and conservation genetics Arriving next week Jamie Theobald and Rikard Frederiksen, Lund University, to study vision in nocturnal bees, on BCI. Jenny Acevedo, University of Puerto Rico, to study the introgression and speciation in Heliconius butterflies, in Gamboa. Santiago Madriñan, Universidad de los Andes, to study the tree flora of the Neotropics, diversity and distribution patterns, at Tupper. Departures Eldredge Bermingham and Oris Sanjur to Cuba, to sign a memorandum of understanding with Centro de Investigaciones Marinas (CIM), Universidad de la Habana. STRI in the news Hurtley, Stella, and Szuromi, Phil. 2006. "Ancient tropical forest diversity." Science 311(5769): 1832. The future of tropical forests: new projections hopeful. 2006. EurekAlert! April 6. STRI news Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá www.stri.org April 7, 2006 The future of tropical forest species Deforestation and habitat loss are widely expected to precipitate an extinction crisis among tropical forest species. Humans cause deforestation, and humans living in rural settings have the greatest impact on extant forest area in the tropics. Current human demographic trends, including slowing population growth and intense urbanization, give reason to hope that deforestation will slow, natural forest regeneration through secondary succession will accelerate, and the widely anticipated mass extinction of tropical forest species will be avoided. In the article “The future of tropical forest species” published online in Biotropica by STRIs S. Joseph Wright and Helene Muller-Landau, the researchers show that the proportion of potential forest cover remaining is closely correlated with human population density among countries, in both the tropics and the temperate zone. Wright and Muller-Landau use United Nations population projections and continent-specific relationships between both total and rural population density and forest remaining today to project future tropical forest cover. “Our projections suggest that deforestation rates will decrease as population growth slows, and that a much larger area will continue to be forested than previous studies suggest.” Tropical forests retracted to smaller areas during repeated Pleistocene glacial events in Africa and more recently in selected areas that supported large prehistoric human populations. Despite many caveats, these projections and observations provide hope that many tropical forest species will be able to survive the current wave of deforestation and human population growth. A strategy to preserve tropical biodiversity might include policies to improve conditions in tropical urban settings to hasten urbanization and preemptive conservation efforts in countries with large areas of extant forest and large projected rates of future human population growth. “We hope that our work here, with all its limitations, inspires others to produce additional and better projections of future tropical forest cover around the globe” conclude the scientists. This article, distributed by Neal G. Smith on April 5, summarizes the presidential address delivered at the 2004 ATBC meeting by Wright, in

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Page 1: Tupper 4pm seminar STRI newsstri-sites.si.edu/sites/strinews/PDFs/April_7_2006.pdf · Tupper 4pm seminar Tue, Apr 11, 4pm seminar speaker will be Phil Hedrick, Arizona State University

Tupper 4pm seminarTue, Apr 11, 4pm seminarspeaker will be Phil Hedrick,Arizona State UniversityRecent developments inconservation genetics

Bambi seminarThu, Apr 13, Bambi seminarspeaker will be Philip Hedrick,Arizona State UniversityEndangered salmon, redwolves, and Hopi indians:A potpourri of evolutionaryand conservation genetics

Arriving next weekJamie Theobald and RikardFrederiksen, Lund University,to study vision in nocturnalbees, on BCI.

Jenny Acevedo, University ofPuerto Rico, to study theintrogression and speciation inHeliconius butterflies, inGamboa.

Santiago Madriñan,Universidad de los Andes, tostudy the tree flora of theNeotropics, diversity anddistribution patterns, atTupper.

DeparturesEldredge Bermingham andOris Sanjur to Cuba, to sign amemorandum ofunderstanding with Centro deInvestigaciones Marinas (CIM), Universidad de laHabana.

STRI in the newsHurtley, Stella, and Szuromi,Phil. 2006. "Ancient tropicalforest diversity." Science311(5769): 1832.

The future of tropical forests:new projections hopeful.2006. EurekAlert! April 6.

STRI newsSmithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panamá www.stri.org April 7, 2006

The future oftropical forestspecies

Deforestation and habitat lossare widely expected toprecipitate an extinction crisisamong tropical forest species.Humans cause deforestation,and humans living in ruralsettings have the greatestimpact on extant forest area inthe tropics.

Current human demographictrends, including slowingpopulation growth and intenseurbanization, give reason tohope that deforestation willslow, natural forest regenerationthrough secondary successionwill accelerate, and the widelyanticipated mass extinction oftropical forest species will beavoided.

In the article “The future oftropical forest species”published online in Biotropica bySTRI's S. Joseph Wright andHelene Muller-Landau, theresearchers show that theproportion of potential forestcover remaining is closelycorrelated with humanpopulation density amongcountries, in both the tropicsand the temperate zone. Wrightand Muller-Landau use UnitedNations population projectionsand continent-specificrelationships between both totaland rural population density

and forestremainingtoday toproject futuretropical forestcover.

“Ourprojectionssuggest thatdeforestationrates willdecrease aspopulationgrowth slows,and that amuch largerarea willcontinue to beforested than previous studiessuggest.”

Tropical forests retracted tosmaller areas during repeatedPleistocene glacial events inAfrica and more recently inselected areas that supportedlarge prehistoric humanpopulations. Despite manycaveats, these projections andobservations provide hope thatmany tropical forest species willbe able to survive the currentwave of deforestation andhuman population growth.

A strategy to preserve tropicalbiodiversity might includepolicies to improve conditions

in tropical urban settings tohasten urbanization andpreemptive conservation effortsin countries with large areas ofextant forest and largeprojected rates of future humanpopulation growth.

“We hope that our work here,with all its limitations, inspiresothers to produce additionaland better projections of futuretropical forest cover around theglobe” conclude the scientists.

This article, distributed by NealG. Smith on April 5,summarizes the presidentialaddress delivered at the 2004ATBC meeting by Wright, in

Page 2: Tupper 4pm seminar STRI newsstri-sites.si.edu/sites/strinews/PDFs/April_7_2006.pdf · Tupper 4pm seminar Tue, Apr 11, 4pm seminar speaker will be Phil Hedrick, Arizona State University

New publicationsCastro-Esau, Karen L.,Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo,Rivard, Benoit, Wright, S.Joseph, and Quesada,Mauricio. 2006. "Variability inleaf optical properties ofMesoamerican trees and thepotential for speciesclassification." American Journalof Botany 93(4): 517-530.

Hawkins, Bradford A.,Felizola-Diniz-Filho, JoseAlexandre, Jaramillo, CarlosA., and Soeller, Stephen A.2006. "Post-Eocene climatechange, niche conservatism,and the latitudinal diversitygradient of New World birds."Journal of Biogeography Online.

Jaramillo, Carlos A., Rueda,Milton J., and Mora, German.2006. "Cenozoic plantdiversity in the Neotropics."Science 311(5769): 1893-1896.

Klose, Stefan M., Smith,Carolynn L., Denzel, AndreaJ., and Kalko, Elisabeth K.V.2006. "Reproduction elevatesthe corticosterone stressresponse in common fruitbats." Oecologia 192: 192:341–350.

Palardy, James E., Grottoli,Andre G., and Matthews,Kathryn A. 2006. "Effect ofnaturally changingzooplankton concentrationson feeding rates of two coralspecies in the Eastern Pacific."Journal of Experimental MarineBiology and Ecology 331: 99-107.

Palardy, James E., Grottoli,Andre G., and Matthews,Kathryn A. 2005. "Effects ofupwelling, depth, morphologyand polyp size on feeding inthree species of Panamaniancorals." Marine Ecology - ProgressSeries 300(1): 79-89.

New publicationsCastro-Esau, Karen L.,Sanchez-Azofeifa, Arturo,Rivard, Benoit, Wright, S.Joseph, and Quesada,Mauricio. 2006. "Variability inleaf optical properties ofMesoamerican trees and thepotential for speciesclassification." American Journalof Botany 93(4): 517-530.

Hawkins, Bradford A.,Felizola-Diniz-Filho, JoseAlexandre, Jaramillo, CarlosA., and Soeller, Stephen A.2006. "Post-Eocene climatechange, niche conservatism,and the latitudinal diversitygradient of New World birds."Journal of Biogeography Online.

Jaramillo, Carlos A., Rueda,Milton J., and Mora, German.2006. "Cenozoic plantdiversity in the Neotropics."Science 311(5769): 1893-1896.

Klose, Stefan M., Smith,Carolynn L., Denzel, AndreaJ., and Kalko, Elisabeth K.V.2006. "Reproduction elevatesthe corticosterone stressresponse in common fruitbats." Oecologia 192: 192:341–350.

Palardy, James E., Grottoli,Andre G., and Matthews,Kathryn A. 2006. "Effect ofnaturally changingzooplankton concentrationson feeding rates of two coralspecies in the Eastern Pacific."Journal of Experimental MarineBiology and Ecology 331: 99-107.

Palardy, James E., Grottoli,Andre G., and Matthews,Kathryn A. 2005. "Effects ofupwelling, depth, morphologyand polyp size on feeding inthree species of Panamaniancorals." Marine Ecology - ProgressSeries 300(1): 79-89.

Safety telephone number212-8211

Miami, Florida. It can also beobtained [email protected]

La deforestación y pérdida dehábitats pueden precipitar unacrisis de extinción de especiesdel bosque tropical. El mayorimpacto sobre los bosquestropicales existentes es ladeforestación y otras activi-dades humanas de los viven enáreas rurales Las tendenciasdemográficas humanas actualessugieren que una reducción enel crecimiento de la población yun aumento en la urbanizaciónpodrían resultar en unareducción en la deforestación,una aceleración de la sucesiónsecundaria, y evitar la esperadaextinción en masa de especiesde bosques tropicales.

En el artículo “El futuro de lasespecies de los bosquestropicales” S. Joseph Wright yHelene Muller-Landau, deSTRI, demuestran que laproporción del potencial de lacobertura del bosque restanteestá correlacionada con ladensidad demográfica humana

entre países; esto es aplicable alas zonas tropicales y templadas.Wright y Muller-Landau usanproyecciones de las NacionesUnidas sobre crecimientopoblacional y las relacionesentre la densidad poblacionalrural y el bosque existente, paraproyectar la cobertura delbosque tropical en el futuro.

“Nuestras proyeccionessugieren que las tasas dedeforestación disminuiránconjuntamente con unareducción en el crecimientopoblacional, y a la vez, áreasmas extensas que las sugeridasen otros estudios permaneceráncon cobertura forestal.”

Los bosques tropicales seretrajeron a áreas más pequeñasdurante repetidos eventosglaciales del Pleistoceno enAfrica y más recientemente enáreas específicas ocupadas porgrandes poblaciones humanasprehistóricas. A pesar demuchas advertencias, estasproyecciones y observacionesdan la esperanza de que muchasespecies del bosque tropical

podrán sobrevivir la presentetasa de deforestación ycrecimiento poblacionalhumano. Una estrategia parapreservar la biodiversidadtropical puede incluir políticaspara mejorar las condicionesambientales en áreas urbanastropicales. Esto con el objetivode acelerar la urbanización yprogramas de conservaciónpreventivos en países con áreasextensas de bosque con un altoíndice de crecimiento demográ-fico proyectado para el futuro.

“Esperamos que nuestrotrabajo aquí, con todas suslimitaciones, inspire a otros aproducir proyeccionesadicionales y mejores de la de lacobertura futura del bosquetropical alrededor del globo”,concluyen los investigadores.

El artículo, distribuido por NealG. Smith el 5 de abril, resume laponencia presidencial de Wrighten el congreso de la Associationfor Tropical Biology andConservation (ATBC) de 2004,en Miami. Puede pedirlo a:[email protected]

Rubinoff meets with nature guidesDirector Ira Rubinoff met withSTRI nature guides onWednesday, April 5, at theTupper Center, to learn abouttheir questions as STRIambassadors to a wide array ofpersons that come to visit ourfacilities and public programs.

Rubinoff also gave a generalpresentation of STRI as part ofthe Smithsonian Institution,new and long-term researchprojects, challenges andaccomplishments, expansionplans and the sources offunding.

Asked about what would be hisone message to visitors, theDirector talked about his ownexperience conveying hisexcitement about Panama'senvironments, biodiversity andunique location for the study oftropical organisms and theevolution of the planet. “The

visitor should leave STRIfeeling excited for theworld-class of research donehere.”

El director Ira Rubinoff sereunió con los guías naturalistasde STRI el miércoles, 5 de abrilen el Centro Tupper, paraconocer sus preguntas comoembajadores de STRI ante unaamplia gama de personas quevisitan nuestras instalaciones yprogramas públicos.

Rubinoff también hizo unapresentación general de STRIcomo parte de la InstituciónSmithsonian, proyectos deinvestigación nuevos y a largoplazo, retos, logros, planes deexpansión y fuentes definanciamiento.

Al preguntársele cuál sería sumensaje a los visitantes, elDirector habló sobre su propia

experiencia transmitiendo suentusiasmo sobre los ambientesde Panamá, su biodiversidad yubicación única para el estudiode organismos tropicales y laevolución del planeta. "Losvisitantes deben irse de STRIsintiéndose emocionados por laclase de investigaciones deprimera que se hace aquí."

Page 3: Tupper 4pm seminar STRI newsstri-sites.si.edu/sites/strinews/PDFs/April_7_2006.pdf · Tupper 4pm seminar Tue, Apr 11, 4pm seminar speaker will be Phil Hedrick, Arizona State University

More publicationsMuller-Landau, Helene C.,Condit, Richard S., Harms,Kyle E., Marks, Christian O.,Thomas, Sean C.,Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh,Chuyong, George, Co,Leonardo, Davies, Stuart,Foster, Robin, Gunatilleke,Savitri, Gunatilleke, Nimal,Hart, Terese, Hubbell,Stephen P., Itoh, Akira,Kassim, Abd Rahman,Kenfack, David, LaFrankie,James V., Lagunzad, Daniel,Lee, Hua Seng, Losos,Elizabeth, Makana, Jean-Remy, Ohkubo, Tatsuhiro,Samper, Cristian, Sukumar,Raman, Sun, I-Fang, NurSupardi, M. N., Tan, Sylvester,Thomas, Duncan, Thompson,Jill, Valencia, Renato, Vallejo,Martha Isabel, Munoz, GorkyVilla, Yamakura, Takuo,Zimmerman, Jess K., andDattaraja, HandanakereShavaramaiah. 2006."Comparing tropical foresttree size distributions with thepredictions of metabolicecology and equilibriummodels." Ecology LettersOnline.

Warkentin, Karen M.,Caldwell, Michael S., andMcDaniel, J. Gregory. 2006."Temporal pattern cues invibrational risk assessment byembryos of the red-eyedtreefrog, Agalychnis callidryas."Journal of Experimental Biology209(8): 1376-1384.

Wright, S. Joseph and Muller-Landau, C. 2006. "The futureof tropical forest species."Biotropica Online.

MiscelleaneousFor rent: Room and bathroomin Albrook, $150 per month.Interested please call Sra.Isabel at tel: 315-0158

Save the blue crab!The STRI Bookstore hasproduced a new line ofproducts using the blue crabas a theme, to help save theGaleta mangroves, wherethese crabs live. By buying anyof these products, designed byPanamanian artist Isis Tapia,you help save blue crab!

¡Salve al cangrejo azul!La Librería de STRI haproducido una nueva línea deproductos usando el cangrejoazul como tema, para ayudar asalvar los manglares de Galeta,donde viven estos crangrejos.Al comprar cualquiera deestos productos, diseñadospor la artista panameña IsisTapia, ¡usted ayuda a salvar alcangrejo azul!

Eaton visits BocasDuring a visit of USambassador William Eaton towestern Panama last week, heand members of his staffvisited STRI's Bocas del ToroResearch Station.

Associate director for Financeand Administration Georginade Alba briefed ambassadorEaton on research andeducational activitiesconducted on Isla Colon andsurrounding areas by STRIresearchers, students andvisiting scholars. Eaton and hisparty also had the opportunityto talk to students andresearchers and visit the newhousing facilities and aquaria.

STRI security managerAlejandro Arze, GabrielJácome, Plinio Góndola andJosé Barahona accompaniedthe group and providedlogistical coordination andtransportation for theiractivities in Bocas del Toro.

The photo shows (from theleft) Arze, Richard O'Sheafrom the Political Section ofthe Embassy, Eaton, Góndola,Barahona and Jácome.

Durante una visita delembajador de EU WilliamEaton al área oeste de Panamá

la semana pasada, él ymiembros de su personalvisitaron la Estación deInvestigación de STRI enBocas del Toro.

La directora asociada de STRIpara Finanzas yAdministración, Georgina deAlba recibió al embajador y lehabló sobre las actividades deinvestigación y educación quese llevan a cabo en Isla Colón yáreas aledañas por científicosde STRI, estudiantes yacadémicos visitantes. Eaton ysu grupo también tuvieron laoportunidad de conversar conestudiantes e investigadores yvisitar las nuevas instalacionesresidenciales y los acuarios.

El director de SeguridadAlejandro Arze, GabrielJácome, Plionio Góndola yJosé Barahona acompañaron algrupo del Embajador y suministraron coordinaciónlogística y de transportedurante las actividades delEmbajador en Bocas

La foto en la página anteriormuestra (desde la izquierda) aArze, Richard O'Shea de laSección Política de la Embajadade EU, Eaton, Góndola,Barahona y Jácome.

Page 4: Tupper 4pm seminar STRI newsstri-sites.si.edu/sites/strinews/PDFs/April_7_2006.pdf · Tupper 4pm seminar Tue, Apr 11, 4pm seminar speaker will be Phil Hedrick, Arizona State University

science in progress:

Story: Eva Toth

Edited by ML Calderon

Photos: MA Guerra

Eusocial (truly social)

animals are not very

common. Only nine

groups are known to

be eusocial, eight of

them live in terrestrial

environments. The only

known aquatic

eusocial animals are

snapping shrimps of

the genus Synalpheus.

But, since they live

inside sponges—their

shelter and food—little

is known of their

biology and colony

organization.

STRI postdoctoral

fellow Eva Toth doing

research on Bocas del

Toro, studies eusocial

snapping shrimps, that

have colonies with

tens to hundreds of

members with one

reproductive female, a

large queen carrying

the embryos. These

shrimp are smaller

than their pair-living

cousins, also

sponge-dwelling

animals.

These eusocial

shrimps are equipped

with an enlarged

snapping claw that

they use for

communication and

combat. By closing the

fingers of their claws

very rapidly, they send

a water jet to their

opponent, thereby

indicating their

strength. As a

byproduct, an audible

crackling sound is

produced, hence their

popular name. When

conflict escalates they

can grab and cut their

opponents with their

claws.

Eva focuses on how

these small shrimps

are able to

successfully compete

for their host sponges

with their larger

cousins. She also

compares their colony

structure and

organization with

terrestrial social

animals.

Los animales

verdaderamente

sociales no son

comunes. Se conocen

sólo nueve grupos, de

los cuales ocho viven

en ecosistemas

terrestres. El único

animal verdaderamente

social acuático

conocido es el

camarón chasqueador

del género

Synalpheus. Pero, al

vivir dentro de

esponjas—su

madriguera y

alimento—poco se

sabe de su biología y

organización colonial.

La becaria posdoctoral

de STRI Eva Toth,

quien hace

investigaciones en

Bocas del Toro,

estudia los camarones

chasqueadores

verdaderamente

sociales, que tienen

colonias de decenas

de cientos de

miembros, y una

hembra reproductora,

una reina grande,

quien porta los

embriones. Son más

chicos que sus primos

que viven en pareja y

también dentro de las

esponjas.

Estos camarones

verdaderamente

sociales tienen una

tenaza agrandada que

usan para comunicarse

y combatir. Al cerrar

los dedos de las

tenazas liberan un

chorro de agua a su

oponente, indicando

su fortaleza. Esto

produce un sonido que

chasquea, por eso su

nombre popular. Al

escalar un conflicto,

estos camarones

pueden capturar y

cortar a sus enemigos

con sus tenazas.

Eva se concentra en

cómo estos pequeños

camarones pueden

competir con sus

primos más grandes

exitosamente por sus

esponjas. Ella también

compara su estrucutra

colonial con la de

animales sociales

terrestres.

Small, loud,eusocial and successful