tunable optofluidic aperture master thesis presentation confidential zürich, february 4 th 2011...
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Tunable Optofluidic ApertureMaster thesis presentation
CONFIDENTIAL
Zürich, February 4th 2011
Joep Mutsaerts
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.2
Content
• Tunable aperture- Concept- Trapped liquid- Conclusion
• Membrane model identification- Experiments- Analysis- Simulations
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Aperture
Concept
Trapped liquid
Conclusion
What is a tunable aperture?
• Most common: Leaflet structure
• Control of:- Light- Depth of Field- Optical quality- F number
3
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Aperture
Concept
Trapped liquid
Conclusion
What is a tunable aperture?
4
f/32 – slow shutter f/5.6 – fast shutter
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Aperture
Concept
Trapped liquid
Conclusion
Why create a tunable aperture?
• Optical quality in mobile phone market
• Small size
• Low part count
• Available design
5
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Aperture
Concept
Trapped liquid
Conclusion
Aperture design
6
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Aperture
Concept
Trapped liquid
Conclusion
Aperture design
7
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Aperture
Concept
Trapped liquid
Conclusion
Aperture design
8
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Aperture
Concept
Trapped liquid
Conclusion
Aperture design
9
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Aperture
Concept
Trapped liquid
Conclusion
ML Demonstrator 1
• Trapped fluid problem- Spot depends on speed
• Identified possible causes- Particle size- Concentration
10
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Aperture
Concept
Trapped liquid
Conclusion
“trapped fluid” analysis
11
Possible solution Argument pro Contra
Low concentration Less aggregation
Small particle size Less aggregation
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Aperture
Concept
Trapped liquid
Conclusion
ML Demonstrator 2
• Goal: test lower concentration, filtered particles (< 1 μm)
• Aperture seems clear, but:- Lens effect caused by remaining fluid- Optical quality depends on speed- Lens effect on aperture edge
• Identified possible solution- Surface tension- Coated glass
12
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Aperture
Concept
Trapped liquid
Conclusion
Lens effect
13
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Aperture
Concept
Trapped liquid
Conclusion
“trapped fluid” analysis
14
Possible solution Argument pro Contra
Low concentration Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edge
Small particle size Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edge
High surface tension Less wetting
Glass coating Less wetting
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Aperture
Concept
Trapped liquid
Conclusion
ML Demonstrator 3
• Goal: Test influence of- Surface tension of water- Glass silicon coating
• Trapped fluid problem- High surface tension is not enough- Speed dependent
• Identified possible solution- Increase contact angle
15
Fluid Surface Tension
Mercury 470
Water 73
…. << 60
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Aperture
Concept
Trapped liquid
Conclusion
“trapped fluid” analysis
16
Possible solution Argument pro Contra
Low concentration Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edge
Small particle size Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edge
High surface tension Less wetting Does not solve problem
Glass coating Less wetting Does not solve problem
Contact angle Less wetting
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Aperture
Concept
Trapped liquid
Conclusion
ML Demonstrator 4
• Goal: test influence of contact angle
• Trapped fluid problem- Soft edge with lens effect
17
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Aperture
Concept
Trapped liquid
Conclusion
“trapped fluid” analysis
Possible solution Argument pro Contra
Low concentration Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edge
Small particle size Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edge
High surface tension Less wetting Does not solve problem
Glass coating Less wetting Does not solve problem
Contact angle Less wetting Does not solve problem
Positive pressure Force pushes liquid away
18
Possible solution Argument pro Contra
Low concentration Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edge
Small particle size Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edge
High surface tension Less wetting Does not solve problem
Glass coating Less wetting Does not solve problem
Contact angle Less wetting Does not solve problem
Positive pressure Force pushes liquid away
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Aperture
Concept
Trapped liquid
Conclusion
Positive Pressure Test
• Air pressurized bulge pushes fluid away.
• Particles < 5µm: Clear aperture result but soft edge
• Particles > 5µm: trapped fluid problem
19
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Aperture
Concept
Trapped liquid
Conclusion
“trapped fluid” analysis
Possible solution Argument pro Contra
Low concentration Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edge
Small particle size Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edge
High surface tension Less wetting Does not solve problem
Glass coating Less wetting Does not solve problem
Contact angle Less wetting Does not solve problem
Positive pressure Force pushes liquid away Potential Solution
20
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Aperture
Concept
Trapped liquid
Conclusion
Double liquid positive pressure prototype
• Optotune lens design with two liquid compartments
21
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Aperture
Concept
Trapped liquid
Conclusion
Double liquid positive pressure prototype
• Prototype results: trapped fluid appears again (speed dependent)
• Over time, pigments migrate through membrane into transparent fluid
• Particles were not filtered small enough
22
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.23
Aperture
Concept
Trapped liquid
Conclusion
Feasibility of concept
• Use transparent fluid
• Is concept pigment dependent?
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Aperture
Concept
Trapped liquid
Conclusion
Aperture: Conclusions and Outlook
24
• Trapped fluid problem has not been solved
• Surface profile of transparent lens should be measured
• Particle size and concentration play a large role
• Lens effect can be solved by double fluid
• Bigger and more complicated to produce
• Pigments leak through the membrane
• Feasibility study advises to put the project on hold
• Uncertainty of product quality and costs
• Not the lowest hanging fruit
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.25
Content
• Tunable aperture- Concept- Trapped liquid- Conclusion
• Membrane model identification- Experiments- Analysis- Simulations
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.26
Membrane model
Experiments
Model
Simulation
Membrane model identification
Input: Membrane
•Material SE0904
• t Thickness •ԑ0 Prestrain
• r Aperture radius•p Pressure
Process:Model
•Bulge test results•Linear model•Mooney Rivlin model
Output: Deflection
•Center•Ring
•Visualisation tool
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.27
Membrane model
Experiments
Model
Simulation
Membrane model identification
Actuation force
Focal length
Deflection
Pressure
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.28
Membrane model
Experiments
Model
Simulation
Design of experiment
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.29
Membrane model
Experiments
Model
Simulation
Deflection versus pressure - radius
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 45000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7x 10
-3
Pressure (Pa)
Def
lect
ion
(m
)
Deflection vs Pressure
d = 10 mm11
12
13
14
15
d
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.30
Membrane model
Experiments
Model
Simulation
Deflection versus pressure - radius
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 45000
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5x 10
-5 Deflection vs Pressure, normalized to Aperture area
Pressure (Pa)
Def
lect
ion
/ A
pert
ure
Are
a (
m/m2 )
d
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.31
Membrane model
Experiments
Model
Simulation
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 90000
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9x 10
-3
Pressure (Pa)
Def
lect
ion
(m
)
Pressure vs Deflection
Deflection versus pressure - Prestrain
0%
20%
70%
40%
60%
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.32
Membrane model
Experiments
Model
Simulation
Deflection versus pressure - Thickness
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 80000
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.01
0.012
0.014
0.016
Pressure (Pa)
Def
lect
ion
(m
)
Pressure vs Deflection
200 μm100 μm
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.33
Membrane model
Experiments
Model
Simulation
Measurements statistics
• 148 bulge measurements done
• Thickness 10 – 200 μm
• Radius 5 – 40 mm
• Pressure 0 – 30000 Pa
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.34
Membrane model
Experiments
Model
Simulation
Modelling
Isotropic – constant Youngs Non Isotropic – variable Youngs
Further challenges• Bulge loading• Material model might change
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.35
Membrane model
Experiments
Model
Simulation
Bulge loading
• Thickness not constant
• Thickness proportional to stretch
• Where to measure thickness / stretch?
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.36
Membrane model
Experiments
Model
Simulation
Stress calculation
• ‘Math slide’
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.37
Membrane model
Experiments
Model
Simulation
Stress Strain calculated
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.50
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8x 10
6
Strain (-)
Str
ess
(P
a)
Stress Strain curve
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.38
Membrane model
Experiments
Model
Simulation
Stress strain fit
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.50
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8x 10
6
Stretch (-)
Str
ess
(P
a)
Stress Strain fit - Mooney Rivlin
Stress-Strain point cloudMooney Rivlin fit
C10 = 210400 Pa
C01 = 16005 Pa
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.39
Membrane model
Experiments
Model
Simulation
Deflection versus Pressure - Simulation
Error model RMSMooney Rivlin 0.0549
Linear model 0.1146
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.40
Membrane model
Experiments
Model
Simulation
Membrane model identification
Input: Membrane
•Material SE0904
• t Thickness •ԑ0 Prestrain
• r Aperture radius•p Pressure
Process:Model
•Bulge test results•Linear model•Mooney Rivlin model
Output: Deflection
•Center•Ring
• Visualisation tool
This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.
Membrane model
Experiments
Model
Simulation
Shape Predictor
41
Tunable Optofluidic ApertureMaster thesis presentation
CONFIDENTIAL
Zürich, February 4th 2011
Joep Mutsaerts