tumor in the eye
TRANSCRIPT
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TUMOR IN THE EYE
(NEOPLASM)
NUR 3354
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GROUP MEMBERS
NOR AFIRA BINTI ZAHARIN
(DN/F/09/01/0046)
NOR DIYANA BINTI HISBULLAH
(DN/F/08/07/0199)
FITRIAH BINTI MOHD NADRI(DN/F/08/07/0185)
NUR HAZIRAH BINTI ZASALI
(DN/F/09/01/0042)
NUR BISMILLAH BINTI HARON
(DN/F/08/07/0062) MENI ANAK SUDIN
(DN/F/09/01/0023)
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WHAT IS THE EYE
TUMOR?
A "tumor" simply means a mass or tissueswelling. This term applies to both benigntumors such as a mole on the skin as well asmalignant tumors which are referred to ascancer.
Most eye tumors involve the conjunctiva, uvea(composed of the iris, ciliary body, andchoroid), retina or optic nerve.
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TYPES OF TUMOR
Benign
-a tumor that does not have the ability to
invade or spread to other organs. Benign
tumors are not cancers.
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A choroidal nevus is a flat and often
pigmented "mole" inside the eye. A nevus isusually benign and dark in color. A choroidal
nevus is found inside the eye within the
choroidal vessel layer deep to the retina. Think
of a nevus as being similar to freckles or a
mole.
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CAUSES
A nevus is caused by cells called melanocytes,
which produce the pigment that colors skin,
hair and eyes. Most of the time, melanocytes
are distributed evenly, but occasionally they
form clusters, which leads to the development
of nevi.
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SYMPTOMS
Brownish area appears on the choroid
The spot is usually flat
The spot does become very large
Blurred vision
In severe cases it can transform
into choroid melanoma
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TREATMENT
Most nevi do not require treatment, and it is
not possible to surgically remove a nevus.
However, a nevus should be examined at least
once a year in order to detect changes that
could signal a risk of the nevus becoming
cancerous.
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Malignant
-a tumor that has the ability to invade and
spread to other organs. The term "cancer"refers to a malignant tumor.
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DEFINITION
Retinoblastoma is a malignant tumor of the
retina that occurs predominantly in young
children.
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CAUSES
Retinoblastoma occurs when retinal nerve
cells genetically mutate, causing them to grow
and multiply, eventually forming a tumor.
These cells usually spread into the eye and
nearby structures, and can also spread to
other areas of the body , including the brain
and spine.
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SYMPTOMS
Abnormal appearance of the pupil,leucokoria
Deterioration of vision
Red and irritated eye
Faltering growth or delayed development
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TREATMENT
Chemotherapy
-drug treatment that uses chemicals to kill cancer cells bytraveling throughout the body.
Radiation therapy
-radiation therapy uses high-energy beams, such as X
-rays, to
kill cancer cells.
Laser therapy (laser photocoagulation)
-to destroy blood vessels that nourish the tumor, with thegoal of killing the cancer cells.
Surgery
-if the tumor has grown too much to be effectively treatedthrough other means.
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NURSING DIAGNOSES
Anxiety related to possibility of loss vision
Altered vision related to tumor in the eyes
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Anxiety related to possibility of loss vision
Assess patient level of anxiety
Determine how patient copes with anxiety withinterview
Acknowledge awareness of the patient anxiety becausevalidates the feeling and communicates acceptance of those feeling
Stay with patient that may be helpful during an anxietyattack
Use the simple language and brief statement wheninstructing patient about self care measures or aboutdiagnostic and surgical procedures
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Encourage good or quiet environment
Provide patient with relaxation technique suchas breathing exercise to reduce anxiety
EVALUATION:
± Patient is able to recognize sign of anxiety
- Patient become more relax
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Altered vision related to tumor in the eyes
Assess age.
Determine nature of visual symptom and degreeof visual loss.
Review medical history. Ask patient about specifics such as ability to read,
see television or history of fall and alsobrightness.
Assess eye and lid for inflammation, edema anddeviation. Problem that can negatively affectvision.
Provide adequate lighting to improve vision for
patient with diminished vision.
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Encourage use of sense of touch to become
familiar with unfamiliar object.
EVALUATION
± Patients achieves optimal functioning within limits
of visual impairment as evidenced by ability to
care of self. To navigate environment safely.
To engage in meaningful activities.
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HEALTH EDUCATION
Patient and family need information to plan
strategies for assisting the visually impaired
patient to cope.
Teach general eye care:
Maintain sterility of all eye droppers, tube
medication & other to reduce the risk of eye
infection
Do not share eye make up.
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CONTINUE.
Care of contact lenses as recommended bymanufacturer.
Do not rub eyes.
o Demonstrate the proper administration of eyesdrops or ointment.
o Help family or caregiver identify & makearrangements at home. Provide for patient safety
& sense of independence as indicated.o Make appropriate referrals to home health
agency for nursing social service follow up.