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TUGAS AKHIR
ANALISA SISTEM KERJA HYDRAULIC PADA EX200
HITACHI
Disusun Sebagai Syarat Untuk Mencapai Gelar Sarjana Teknik
Jurusan Teknik Mesin Fakultas Teknik
Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Disusun Oleh:
Nanda Dicky Vidayana
D200150209
JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2019
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MOTTO
Bersikaplah kukuh seperti batu karang yang tidak putus-putusnya dipukul ombak. Ia
tidak saja tetap berdiri kukuh, bahkan ia menenteramkan amarah ombak dan
gelombang itu.
Tetaplah bekerja keras dan berusaha walaupun rintangan itu pasti ada.
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ANALISA SISTEM KERJA HYDRAULIC
PADA EX200 HITACHI
Nanda DickyVidayana, Sartono Putro
Teknik Mesin Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
Jl. Ahmad Yani Tromo l Pos 1 Pabelan, Surakarta
Email : [email protected]
Abstrak
Hydraulic system pada excavator sangat penting, yang berfungsi untuk
menggerakkan Upperstructure dan Undercarriage bergerak dengan bermanuver.
Dilakukannya pembahasan ini yaitu bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana system
kerja Hydraulic dan Perawatan pada Hydraulic system. Dalam Hydraulic system
dilakukan perawatan sangat penting untuk menjaga agar kerja Hydraulic system tetap
stabil. Beberapa perawatan yang dapat dilakukan pada komponen Hydraulic system
antara lain mengecekoli, pengecekan pada selang Hydraulic, Bila oli sudah mencapai
jam prosedur perawatan disarankan untuk segera mengganti yang baru. Untuk
mengatasi atau meminimalisir kerusakan Hydraulic system.
Kata Kunci :Sistem, Hydraulic, Cylinder, Komponen
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ANALISA SISTEM KERJA HYDRAULIC
PADA EX200 HITACHI
Nanda DickyVidayana, SartonoPutro
TeknikMesinUniversitasMuhammadiyah Surakarta
Jl. Ahmad YaniTromolPos 1 Pabelan, Surakarta.
Email : [email protected]
Abstract
Hydraulic Systems on excavators are very important that serves to move
Upperstructure and Undercarriage move with maneuvers. The conduct of this
discussion is aimed at learning how hydraulic work systems and treatments i
hydraulic systems are conducted. In this systems hydraulic maintenance its essential
to keep the systems hydraulic work stable. Some treatments that can be done with
systems hydraulic components include oil check, system hydraulic hocking check. If
oil reaches medical hours, it is recommended that immediately replace new ones, To
overcome on minimize hydraulic breakdown system must be administered as
prescribed treatments.
Keywords: Systems, Hydraulic, component, cylinder
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KATA PENGANTAR
Alhamdulillah segala puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan atas kehadiran Allah
SWT. Zat yang telah menciptakan manusia dengan penciptaan yang sebaik-baiknya,
menyempurnakan dengan akal dan membimbingnya dengan menurunkan pada utusan
pilihannya, serta telah melimpahkan rahmat dan hidayah-Nya kepada penulis
sehingga dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan laporan Tugas Akhir ini dengan judul
"Analisa Sistem Kerja Hydraulic Pada EX200 Hitachi". Adapun tujuan dari
penulisan laporan ini adalah sebagai salah satu syarat akademik Program Studi S1
Jurusan Teknik Mesin Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Untuk itu, penulis pada kesempatan ini dengan ketulusan dan keiklasan hati
yang mendalam menyampaikan rasa terimakasih dan penghargaan besar kepada :
1. Kedua Orang Tua kami beserta keluarga besar yang telah memberikan Do'a,
dukungan, motivasi dan bantuan baik moril maupun material.
2. Bapak Ir. Sartono Putro, M.T selaku Dosen Pembimbing kami di jurusan
Teknik Mesin Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
3. Bapak Dr. Suranto, MM selaku Direktur Sekolah Vokasi Jurusan Teknik
Mesin Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
4. Saudara-saudara kami Teknik Mesin Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta
yang telah memberikan support kepada kami.
5. Teman-teman kos Aizy yang telah memberikan fasilitas selama mengerjakan
Tugas Akhir ini.
6. Semua pihak yang telah membantu dalam penyusunan laporan Tugas Akhir
ini.
Surakarta, November 2019
Penyusun
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL .................................................................................... i
PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TUGAS AKHIR ............................................ ii
HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN ...................................................................... iii
HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ....................................................................... iv
LEMBAR SOAL TUGAS AKHIR ............................................................... v
MOTTO ............ ........................................................................................ vi
ABSTRAKSI ................................................................................................ vii
KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................. ix
DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................ x
DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................... xiii
DAFTAR TABEL ........................................................................................ xvi
BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 Latar Belakang .................................................................................. 1
1.2 Rumusan Kegiatan ............................................................................ 1
1.3 Tujuan Kegiatan ................................................................................ 2
1.4 Batasan Kegiatan ............................................................................... 2
1.5 Metode Pengumpulan Data ................................................................ 2
1.6 Sistematika Penulisan ........................................................................ 2
BAB II DASAR TEORI
2.1 Pengertian Excavator ......................................................................... 4
2.2 Sifat-Sifat Fluida ............................................................................... 5
2.2.1 Hukum Pascal ........................................................................... 5
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2.3 Tekanan Absolute dan Tekanan Gauge ............................................. 6
2.4 Hydraulic Tank ............................................................................... 8
2.4.1 Tidak Berhubungan Dengan Udara Luar (Pressureized) ............ 8
2.4.2 Berhubungan Dengan Udara Luar (Unpressureized).................. 9
2.4.3 Oil Cooler ................................................................................. 10
2.5 Hydraulic Pump .............................................................................. 10
2.5.1 Non Positive Displacement ....................................................... 11
2.5.2 Positive Displacement Pump ..................................................... 12
2.6 Hydraulic Control Valve .................................................................. 19
2.6.1 Pressure Control Valve ............................................................. 20
2.6.2 Flow Control Valve .................................................................. 22
2.6.3 Directional Control Valve ......................................................... 25
2.7 Actuator ........................................................................................... 26
2.7.1 Single Acting ............................................................................ 27
2.7.2 Double Acting .......................................................................... 27
2.8 Hydraulic Oil Filter .......................................................................... 28
2.8.1 Surface Filter .......................................................................... 29
2.8.2 Depth Filter ............................................................................ 30
BAB III RANGKAI PENGGERAK ATTACHMENT
3.1 Rangkai Penggerak Swing Motor ..................................................... 32
3.2 Rangkai Penggerak Travel Motor ..................................................... 33
3.3 Rangkai Penggerak Boom (Raise) .................................................... 34
3.4 Rangkai Penggerak Boom (Down) ................................................... 35
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3.5 Rangkai Penggerak Arm (Roll-In) .................................................... 36
3.6 Rangkai Penggerak Arm (Roll-Out) ................................................. 37
3.7 Rangkai Penggerak Bucket (Roll-In) ................................................ 38
3.8 Rangkai Penggerak Bucket (Roll-Out).............................................. 39
BAB IV PERAWATAN HYDRAULIC SISTEM
4.1Pemeriksaan Permukaan Oil Hydraulic ............................................. 41
4.2 Drain Kotoran dari Hydraulic Tank .................................................. 43
4.3 Change Hydraulic Oil ....................................................................... 44
4.4 Suction Filter Cleaning ..................................................................... 45
4.5 Replace Hydraulic Tank Oil Filter .................................................... 48
4.6 Replace Pilot Oil Filter ..................................................................... 49
4.7 Check Hoses And Lines ................................................................... 50
BAB V PENUTUP
5.1 Kesimpulan ....................................................................................... 54
5.2 Saran ................................................................................................. 54
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...................................................................................
LAMPIRAN .................................................................................................
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Excavator EX200 ......................................................................... 4
Gambar 2.2 Alat Tekanan Gauge ..................................................................... 6
Gambar 2.3 Diagram Alir Fluida ..................................................................... 7
Gambar 2.4 Hydraulic Tank Limited ............................................................... 8
Gambar 2.5 Hydraulic Tank Unlimited ........................................................... 9
Gambar 2.6 Hydraulic Tank Unpressurized..................................................... 9
Gambar 2.7 Oil Cooler ..................................................................................... 10
Gambar 2.8 Skema Pengelompokan Pompa .................................................... 11
Gambar 2.9 Pompa Pindah Non Positive ......................................................... 12
Gambar 2.10 Internal Gear Pump .................................................................... 13
Gambar 2.11 Prinsip Kerja Roda Gigi Internal ................................................ 13
Gambar 2.12 Pompa Roda Gigi External ......................................................... 14
Gambar 2.13 In Line Axial Piston Pump Variable Displacement ................... 15
Gambar 2.14 In Line Piston Pump Fixed Displacement .................................. 16
Gambar 2.15 Bent Axis Axial Piston Pump .................................................... 16
Gambar 2.16 Radial Piston Pump Roating Cam .............................................. 17
Gambar 2.17 Radial Piston Pump Roating Pump ............................................ 17
Gambar 2.18 Balance Vane Pump ................................................................... 18
Gambar 2.19 Unbalance Vane Pump ............................................................... 19
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Gambar 2.20 Hydraulic Control Valve Tipe Poppet ........................................ 20
Gambar 2.21 Hydraulic Control Valve Tipe Piston ......................................... 21
Gambar 2.22 Hydraulic Control Valve Tipe Pilot ........................................... 21
Gambar 2.23 Hydraulic control valve tipe throttle valve ................................. 22
Gambar 2.24 Hydraulic control valve tipe suction valve ................................. 23
Gambar 2.25 Hydraulic control valve tipe flow reduce valve ......................... 23
Gambar 2.26 Hydraulic control valve tipe flow divider valve ............................. 24
Gambar 2.27 Hydraulic control valve tipe demand valve................................ 24
Gambar 2.28 Hydraulic control valve tipe quick drop valve ............................... 25
Gambar 2.29 Hydraulic control valve tipe series valve circuit ............................ 25
Gambar 2.30 Hydraulic control valve tipe parallel valve circuit ......................... 26
Gambar 2.31 Hydraulic control valve tipe tandem valve circuit ......................... 26
Gambar 2.32 Skema silinder hidrolik ...................................................................... 27
Gambar 2.33 Single Acting ....................................................................................... 27
Gambar 2.34 Double acting ............................................................................. 28
Gambar 2.35 Hydraulic Oil Filter .................................................................... 28
Gambar 2.36 Penyaringan surface filter .................................................................. 29
Gambar 3.1 Skema Alur Fluida Pada Swing Motor ................................................... 32
Gambar 3.2 Skema Alur Fluida Pada Travel Motor ................................................. 33
Gambar 3.3 Skema Alur Fluida Pada Boom Raise ..................................................... 34
Gambar 3.4 Skema Alur Fluida Pada Boom Down .................................................... 35
Gambar 3.5 Skema Alur Fluida Pada Arm In ............................................................. 36
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Gambar 3.6 Skema Alur Fluida Pada Arm Out ........................................................ 37
Gambar 3.7 Skema Alur Fluida Pada Bucket Roll In ................................................. 38
Gambar 3.8 Skema Alur Fluida Pada Bucket Roll Out ............................................ 39
Gambar 4.1 Level Oil ................................................................................................. 43
Gambar 4.2 Drain Plug ............................................................................................... 44
Gambar 4.3 Komponen Hydraulic Tank .......................................................... 45
Gambar 4.4 Suction Folter ............................................................................... 46
Gambar 4.5 PembuanganUdara ....................................................................... 47
Gambar 4.6 Filter Tangki Hidrolik .................................................................. 48
Gambar 4.7 Oil Filter ....................................................................................... 49
Gambar 4.8 Kebocoran Hose ........................................................................... 50
Gambar 4.9 Keretakan Cover Dan Hose End .................................................. 51
Gambar 4.10 Hose Penguatan Yang Terbuka Dan Lepuh ............................... 51
Gambar 4.11 Hose Mengalami Bengkok ......................................................... 52
Gambar 4.12 Hose And Fitting ........................................................................ 52
Gambar 4.13 Lines ........................................................................................... 53
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DAFTAR TABEL
Gambar 4.1 Tabel Prosedur Perawatan Hydraulic Sistem .................................. 41
Gambar 4.2 Tabel Nama Merek Oli Hidrolik Yang Dianjurkan ................................ 42