Tuesday, January 10, 2012

Objective: Describe Brain Physiology (part 1)

BR: What is the corpus callosum and what does it do?

Tuesday, January 10, 2012

Objective: Describe Brain Physiology (part 1)

BR: What is the corpus callosum and what does it do?

4 MINUTES REMAINING…

Tuesday, January 10, 2012

Objective: Describe Brain Physiology (part 1)

BR: What is the corpus callosum and what does it do?

3 MINUTES REMAINING…

Tuesday, January 10, 2012

Objective: Describe Brain Physiology (part 1)

BR: What is the corpus callosum and what does it do?

2 MINUTES REMAINING…

Tuesday, January 10, 2012Last chance to view BR – 1 min

Objective: Describe Brain Physiology (part 1)

BR: What is the corpus callosum and what does it do?

30 Seconds Remaining…

10 Seconds Remaining…

Time’s up! Put Bell Ringer in Folder

Today’s Agenda:

• Brain Physiology Graphic Organizer

The Human Brain**Only need to write down/summarize what is in BLUE

Cerebrum -The largest division of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, each of which is divided into four lobes.

Cerebrum Cerebrum

Cerebellum

Lobes of the Brain (4)

• Frontal• Parietal• Occipital• Temporal

http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg

Frontal LobeFrontal Lobe

Lobes of the Brain - Frontal• The Frontal Lobe of the brain is located at the front of

the brain.

• It plays an integral role in the following functions/actions:

- Emotions- Decision Making/Reasoning

- Personality

Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg

Parietal Lobe (Pah-rye-eh-tal)

Parietal Lobe

Lobes of the Brain - Parietal Lobe

• The Parietal Lobe of the brain is posterior to the Frontal lobe, but anterior to the Occipital lobe

• It plays a major role in the following functions/actions:

-sensory information and cognition(Experiencing taste, smell, touch, pain, temperature, etc. signals and processing it.)

Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg

Occipital Lobe

Occipital Lobe

Lobes of the Brain – Occipital Lobe

• The Occipital Lobe of the Brain is located in the back part of the brain (farthest from the eyes)

• Its primary function is the processes VISION and visual stimuli.

Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg

Temporal Lobe

Temporal Lobe

Lobes of the Brain – Temporal Lobe

• The Temporal Lobes are the most lateral. They are located on the sides of the brain, above the ears

• They play an integral role in the following functions:

- Hearing

- Language Comprehension- Memory Formation

Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg

Cerebellum “little brain”

Cerebellum

Cerebellum

• The cerebellum is located just above the brain stem and toward the back of the brain. It is relatively well protected from trauma compared to the frontal and temporal lobes and brain stem.

• Functions: - Coordination/ Balance- Muscle Tone

Brain Stem

Brain Stem

Brain Stem

• The Brain stem consists of the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata. It merges into the spinal cord.

• Functions:- attention- consciousness- breathing

- sleeping- temperature

**All information to and from our body passes through here on the way to and from the brain

Lobes and Structures of the Brain

B.

D. E.

F.

G.

http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif

C.

Lobes and Structures of the Brain

B.

C.

D. E.

F.

G.

B. Frontal Lobe

G. Parietal Lobe

F. Occipital Lobe

D. Temporal Lobe

E. Cerebellum

C. Brain Stem

http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif

Further Investigation

Phineas Gage: Phineas Gage was a railroad worker in the 19th century living in Cavendish, Vermont. One of his jobs was to set off explosive charges in large rock in order to break them into smaller pieces. On one of these instances, the detonation occurred prior to his expectations, resulting in a 42 inch long, 1.2 inch wide, metal rod to be blown right up through his skull and out the top. The rod entered his skull below his left cheek bone and exited after passing through the anterior frontal lobe of his brain.

Frontal

Remarkably, Gage never lost consciousness, or quickly regained it (there is still some debate), suffered little to no pain, and was awake and alert when he reached a doctor approximately 45 minutes later. He had a normal pulse and normal vision, and following a short period of rest, returned to work several days later. However, he was not unaffected by this accident.

Frontal

Q: Recalling what you have just learned regarding the frontal lobe, what possible problems or abnormalities may Gage have presented with subsequent to this type of injury (remember the precise location of the rod through his brain)?

A: Gage’s personality, reasoning, and capacity to understand and follow social norms had been diminished or destroyed. He illustrated little to no interest in hobbies or other involvements that at one time he cared for greatly. ‘After the accident, Gage became a nasty, vulgar, irresponsible vagrant. His former employer, who regarded him as "the most efficient and capable foreman in their employ previous to his injury," refused to rehire him because he was so different.’

Q: It is suggested that Gage’s injury inspired the development of what at one time was a widely used medical procedure. What might this procedure be, and how does it relate to Gage’s injury?

A: The frontal lobotomy. This has been used with the intention to diminish aggression and rage in mental patients, but generally results in drastic personality changes, and an inability to relate socially. This procedure is largely frowned upon today, with the development of neurological drugs as treatments.

Frontal

1. ____________ This lobe is located at

the anterior part of the brain

Frontal

2. ____________ This lobe controls visual stimuli

Occipital

3. ____________ This region is responsible for balance

Cerebellum

4. ____________ This lobe is involved with thinking and judgment

Frontal

5. ____________ This structure contains the pons and medulla oblongata

Brain Stem

6. ____________ This lobe is the most posterior part of the brain

Occipital

7. ____________ This lobe is the most lateral part of the brain

Temporal

8. ____________ This lobe contains the structures for hearing

Temporal

9. ____________ This lobe processes sensory information and cognition

Parietal

10. ____________ This structure is at the superior portion of the spine

Brain Stem

11. ____________ This is the missing lobe of the 4 if you are given: parietal, frontal and temporal

Occipital

12. ____________ This structure is located at the lower part of the brain, next to the occipital lobe and the brain stem

Cerebellum

13. ____________ This structure influences attention, arousal and consciousness

Brain Stem

14. ____________ All information to and from our body passes through here on the way to and from the brain

Brain Stem

15. ____________ This lobe processes the senses: taste, pain, touch, pressure and temperature

Parietal