tubular products from special metals - pcc energy · 4 nickel 200 n02200 2.4066 nickel 201 n02201...
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Tubular Products from Special Metals
Contents
Seamless Pipe & Tubing
For high-performance applications for oil and gaswells, chemical processing, power generation, andaerospace – you can depend on Special Metalstubular products.
More than thirty alloy compositions are availableas seamless tubing, in a wide range of sizes andfinishes, for direct sale, or from appointed distrib-utors with stocks in most of the industrializednations of the world.
A range of complementary product forms, such asU-bent tubing, seam-welded pipe and tube, flangesand fittings, and internally finned tubing can alsobe supplied.
• As-extruded < 10 in (254 mm) OD• Cold-worked 0.5 in (13 mm) OD tubing
through 8⁵�₈ in (219 mm) OD pipe• ID-finned tubing• U-bent condenser tubing
Seam-Welded Pipe & Tubing
Available from specialist manufacturers of weldedtubulars, rolled and welded from high-performancealloy plate, sheet and strip made by Special Metals.Sizes range from small diameter hydraulic tubing to large diameter pipe welded from hot-rolled plate.
4 The Alloy Range for Seamless Pipe and Tubing
6 Total Quality Tubing
8 Typically Specified Room Temperature Mechanical Properties
14 Specialty Complementary Products
17 Forming of Tube and Pipe
20 Welding and Fabrication
22 Calculated Weights of Tubular Products
24 Weights and Pressure Ratings of Tubing and Casing for Oil and Gas Production
26 Standard Pipe Sizes and Service Pressure
Publication No. SMC-009© Special Metals Corporation, 2001
MONEL, INCONEL, INCOLOYINCOCLAD, NIMONIC, NILO, INCO-WELD, 601GC, 686CPT, 725NDUR and 800HT are trademarks of the Special Metals Corporation group of companies.
3
ProductionCapabilityThe charts provide an indicationof the combined capabilities ofthe Special Metals mills in theUSA and Europe. This informa-tion is presented for guidanceonly. Sizes outside these rangesmay be available to specialinquiry. The size ranges chartedcannot be applied to all the tubu-lar products. Alloy compositionsand processing characteristics,for example, influence the sizesthat are available.
50
Outside Diameter (mm)
Outside Diameter (inches)
Wal
l Thi
ckne
ss (i
nche
s)
Wal
l Thi
ckne
ss (m
m)
COLD WORKED
100 150 200 250 30020
15
10
5
12108642
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
50
Outside Diameter (mm)
Outside Diameter (inches)
Wal
l Thi
ckne
ss (i
nche
s)
Wal
l Thi
ckne
ss (m
m)
EXTRUDED
100 150 200 250 300
25
30
35
20
15
10
5
12108642
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
4
Nickel 200 N02200 2.4066
Nickel 201 N02201 2.4068
MONEL alloy 400 N04400 2.4360
INCONEL alloy 600 N06600 2.4816
INCONEL alloy 601 N06601 2.4851
INCONEL alloy 601GC – –
INCONEL alloy 617 N06617 2.4663
INCONEL alloy 625 N06625 2.4856
INCONEL alloy 686 N06686 2.4606
INCONEL alloy 690 N06690 2.4642
INCONEL alloy 693 – –
INCONEL alloy 725 N07725 –
INCONEL alloy C-276 N10276 2.4819
INCONEL alloy G-3 N06985 2.4619
INCONEL alloy 050 N06950 –
INCOLOY alloy 800 N08800 1.4876
INCOLOY alloy 800H N08810 1.4876 / 1.4958
INCOLOY alloy 800HT N08811 1.4876 / 1.4959
INCOLOY alloy 803 S35045 –
INCOLOY alloy 825 N08825 2.4858
INCOLOY alloy 890 – –
INCOLOY alloy 925 N09925 –
INCOLOY alloy 020 N08020 2.4660
INCOLOY alloy 028 N08028 1.4563
NIMONIC alloy 75 N06075 2.4951
NIMONIC alloy 80A N07080 2.4952
NIMONIC alloy 263 N07263 2.4650
NIMONIC alloy PE16 – –
NILO alloy 36 K93600 / K93601 1.3912
NILO alloy 42 K94100 1.3917
NILO alloy 48 K94800 1.3922, 1.3926, 1.3927
NILO alloy K K96410 1.3981
Specifications
The Special Metals seamlesstubular products meet therequirements of the appropriate
• ASTM • ASME • SAE AMS • AECMA • British Standard • DIN Specifications
The Alloy Range forSeamless Pipe and Tubing
ALLOY UNS WERKSTOFF NR.
5
6
Total Quality TubingSpecial Metals seamless tubular products aremade to the highest quality standards in theindustry, and have been proven in some of themost arduous service environments.
The general engineering alloys are air-melted andAOD refined. Superalloy tubing is vacuum induc-tion melted. Tubular products can be remelted and refined by vacuum arc or electroslag processes.
Primary hot working operations for billets includerolling, forging and extrusion, followed by coldworking, tube reducing (pilgering) or drawing,according to the alloy, size and finish required by the customer.
Strict quality controls are applied at every pro-cessing stage, all described and published in quality assurance procedures. The manufacturinghistory of every product is fully traceable. Testingfacilities for the tubular products include ultrasonic,hydrostatic, eddy current, and boroscope/intrascope.
State-of-the-art production equipment is backedup by computer-based inquiry and order process-ing systems. Commercial and technical specialiststrack every order through every processing operation. Up-to-the-minute information on orderstatus is available from the computer systems.Technical assistance on alloy evalution and selec-tion for specific applications is available fromSpecial Metals, the world’s most experienced producer of high-performance nickel-base alloys.
Computer-controlled forging
Tube straightening
Air melting and AOD refining
7
Pickling
Ultrasonic testing
Computer-controlled extrusion Trepanned billets
Tube reducing (pilgering)
Electroslag remelting
8
Typically Specified Room TemperatureMechanical Properties
Nickel 200
Nickel 201
MONEL alloy 400
INCONEL alloy 600
INCONEL alloy 601
INCONEL alloy 601GC
INCONEL alloy 617
INCONEL alloy 625
ASTM B 163
ASTM B 161
ASTM B 163
ASTM B 161
ASTM B 163
ASTM B 165
ASTM B 163
ASTM B 167
ASTM B 163
ASTM B 167
No Specification
ASTM B 167
ASTM B 444
annealed
stress-relieved
annealed
stress-relieved
annealed
stress-relieved
annealed
stress-relieved
annealed
stress-relieved
annealed
stress-relieved
annealed
hot-worked orhot-worked & annealed
cold-worked & annealed
annealed
cold-worked & annealed orhot-worked & annealed
annealed
cold-worked & annealed orhot-worked & annealed
annealed (Grade 1)
solution-annealed (Grade 2)
≤3 in (76 mm)
≤3 in (76 mm)
≤5 in (127 mm)>5 in (127 mm)
all sizes
≤3 in (76 mm)
≤3 in (76 mm)
≤5 in (127 mm)>5 in (127 mm)
all sizes
≤3 in (76 mm)
≤3 in (76 mm)
≤5 in (127 mm)>5 in (127 mm)
all sizes
≤3 in (76 mm)
≤5 in (127 mm)>5 in (127 mm)
≤5 in (127 mm)>5 in (127 mm)
≤3 in (76 mm)
all sizes
all sizes
all sizes
>0.5 in (13 mm)
>0.5 in (13 mm)
55
65
5555
65
50
60
5050
60
70
85
7070
85
80
8075
8080
80
80
80
95
120
100
380
450
380380
450
345
414
345345
415
480
585
480480
585
550
550515
550550
550
550
550
655
827
690
ALLOYSPECIFICATION
Number Temper Size (outside diameter)
ksi MPa
TENSILE STRENGTH
9
15
40
1512
40
12
30
1210
30
28
55
2825
55
35
3025
3530
30
30
30
35
60
40
105
275
10580
275
80
205
8070
205
195
380
195170
380
240
205170
240205
205
205
205
240
414
275
40
15
3540
15
40
15
3540
15
35
15
3535
15
30
3535
3035
30
30
30
30
30
30
B65 max
B62 max
B75 max
ksi MPa %
0.2% YIELD STRENGTH ELONGATIONROCKWELL HARDNESS
10
Typically Specified Room Temperature Mechanical Properties (continued)
INCONEL alloy 686
INCONEL alloy 690
INCONEL alloy 693
INCONEL alloy 725
INCONEL alloy C-276
INCONEL alloy G-3
INCONEL alloy 050
INCOLOY alloy 800
INCOLOY alloy 800H
INCOLOY alloy 800HT
ASTM B 622
ASTM B 163
ASTM B 167
ASTM B 167(Pending)
ASME Code Case 2217
OCTG*
ASTM B 622
OCTG*
ASTM B 622
OCTG*
OCTG*
ASTM B 163
ASTM B 407
ASTM B 163
ASTM B 407
ASTM B 163
ASTM B 407
solution-annealed
annealed
hot-worked orhot-worked & annealed
cold-worked & annealed
annealed
solution-annealed and aged
solution-annealed and aged
solution-annealed
as-drawn
solution-annealed
as-drawn
as-drawn
annealed
cold-worked & annealed
hot-finished annealed or hot-finished
annealed
hot-finished & annealed or cold-worked & annealed
annealed
hot-finished annealed or cold-worked & annealed
0.5 – 3 ¹⁄₂ in(13 – 89 mm)
≤3 in (76 mm)
≤5 in (127 mm)>5 in (127 mm)
≤5 in (127 mm)>5 in (127 mm)
all sizes
all sizes
2 ³⁄₈ – 7 in(60 – 178 mm)
0.5 – 3 ¹⁄₂ in(13 – 89 mm)
2 ³⁄₈ – 7 in(60 – 178 mm)
0.5 – 3 ¹⁄₂ in(13 – 89 mm)
2 ³⁄₈ – 7 in(60 – 178 mm)
2 ³⁄₈ – 7 in(60 – 178 mm)
≤3 in (76 mm)
0.5 – 6 ⁵⁄₈ in(13 – 168 mm)
2 ¹⁄₂ – 9 ¹⁄₄ in(64 – 235 mm)
≤3 in (76 mm)
0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in(13 – 235 mm)
≤3 in (76 mm)
0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in(12.7 – 235 mm)
100
85
8575
8585
80
150
150
100
130
90
130
130
75
75
65
65
65
65
65
690
585
585515
585585
550
1034
1034
690
896
621
896
896
520
520
450
450
450
450
450
*OCTG refers to “Oil County Tubular Goods” the properties of which can be developed with individual customers to match specific order requirements.
ALLOYSPECIFICATION
Number Temper Size (outside diameter)
ksi MPa
TENSILE STRENGTH
11
45
35
3025
3530
35
120
120
41
125
35
125
125
30
30
25
25
25
25
25
310
240
205170
240205
240
827
827
283
862
240
862
862
205
205
170
170
170
170
170
45
30
3535
3035
30
20
20
40
13
40
13
13
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
C 40 max
C 45 max
C 39 max
C 38 max
*
*
*
*
ksi MPa %
0.2% YIELD STRENGTH ELONGATIONROCKWELL HARDNESS
12
INCOLOY alloy 803
INCOLOY alloy 825
INCOLOY alloy 890
INCOLOY alloy 925
INCOLOY alloy 020
INCOLOY alloy 028
ASME Section VIIIDivision I,
Code Case Pending
ASTM A 269 & A 312
ASTM B 163
OCTG*
ASTM B 423
ASTM B 407(Pending)
ASME Code Case 2218
OCTG*
ASTM B 729
ASTM B 668
OCTG*
annealed
annealed
annealed
as-drawn
hot-finished & annealed
cold-worked & annealed
hot-finished & annealed orcold-worked & annealed
solution-annealed and aged
solution-annealed and aged
annealed
solution-annealed
as-drawn
0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in(13 – 235 mm)
0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in(13 – 235 mm)
≤3 in (76 mm)
2 ³⁄₈ – 7 in(60 – 178 mm)
0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in(13 – 235 mm)
0.5 – 8 ⁵⁄₈ in(13 – 219 mm)
0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in(13 – 235 mm)
0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in(13 – 235 mm)
2 ³⁄₈ – 7 in(60 – 178 mm)
0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in(13 – 235 mm)
0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in(13 – 235 mm)
2 ³⁄₈ – 7 in(60 – 178 mm)
70
70
85
130
75
85
75
140
130
80
73
130
480
480
585
896
520
586
520
965
896
550
500
896
Typically Specified Room Temperature Mechanical Properties (continued)
*OCTG refers to “Oil County Tubular Goods” the properties of which can be developed with individual customers to match specific order requirements.
ALLOYSPECIFICATION
Number Temper Size (outside diameter)
ksi MPa
TENSILE STRENGTH
13
25
25
35
110
25
35
30
105
110
35
31
110
170
170
240
758
170
241
205
724
724
240
214
758
35
35
30
16
30
30
35
18
18
30
40
15
B 100 max
C 35 max
C 38 max
C 33 max
*
*
*
ksi MPa %
0.2% YIELD STRENGTH ELONGATIONROCKWELL HARDNESS
14
Specialty Complementary ProductsSpecial Metals makes seamless pipe and tubing atits main production facilities in the USA and inthe UK. For some applications, like U-bent or IDfinned tubing, or co-extruded combinations ofalloys, it adds an “engineered” element to thefinal product form.
As part of its customer service it provides links to specialist manufacturers such as the producersof seam-welded tubing made from plate, sheet or strip; suppliers of bends, elbows, joints and fittings; and redrawers of fine precision tubing.
For some applications, package bids includeseamless tubulars along with related specialtyitems.
Pipes and fittings for a nuclear power plant rolled and welded from INCOLOY alloy 25-6MO plate.
Age-hardened, high strength, corrosion-resistant INCOLOY alloy 925 tubinghas been made at 8.5 in (216 mm) OD,0.75 in (19 mm) wall, in lengths up to 30 ft (9.14 m). With a yield strength of 110 ksi (758 MPa), this product is ofvalue for oil-well completion equipment.
15
ID finned, cold finished tubing inINCOLOY alloy 803 developed forpyrolysis tubing in high-severity ethylene furnaces.
Packaging U-bent heat-exchangertubing in MONEL alloy 400.
Samples of precision tubing in oxide dispersionstrengthened INCOLOY alloy MA956. Sizes rangefrom 5 mm (0.2 in) OD x 0.5 mm (0.02 in) wall to13 mm (0.5 in) OD x 1 mm (0.04 in) wall.
16
Specialty Complementary Products (continued)
A section through an INCOCLAD 671/800HTco-extruded tube for superheater and reheatertubing in power utilities. It offers the resist-ance to metal wastage corrosion of INCONELalloy 671 as the outside cladding, combinedwith the high-temperature strength and corro-sion-resistance of the INCOLOY alloy 800HTsubstrate.
Seam-welded pipe and tubing, rolledand welded from heat- and corrosion-resistant alloy plate, sheet and strip, isavailable from specialist manufacturers.
This specialty product fromSpecial Metals in the UK is small diameter nickel-chromium alloy seamlesstubing for thermocouplesheathing.
U-bent tubing in the latest high-performancecorrosion-resistant alloy(INCONEL alloy 686),drawn down to 1.1 in(26.7 mm) OD x 0.1 in (2.8 mm) wall, with bend radii of 2 to 6.5 in(50 to 165 mm). Bend, elbows and fittings in heat- and
corrosion-resistant alloys are availablefrom specialist manufacturers.
Seam-welded pipe in MONEL alloy 400for a fertilizer processing plant in the Middle East – up to 30 in (760 mm) OD, welded from 19.6 ft (6 m) long alloy plate.
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Forming of Tube and PipeAll common forming operations such as bending,coiling and expanding can readily be performedon tube and pipe made by Special Metals. In gen-eral, material in the annealed condition is recom-mended. MONEL alloy 400, Nickel 200 and Nickel201 can be formed in the stress-relieved temper.However, the amount of deformation will be limit-ed by the higher tensile strength and lower ductil-ity. In bending, the minimum radius to whichstress-relieved tubing can be bent is 25 - 50%greater than for annealed tubing of the same size.
Bending and CoilingStandard methods of bending include ram orpress bending, roll bending, stationary-die bend-ing, and rotating-die bending. Tubing and pipe ofthe MONEL, INCONEL and INCOLOY alloys arereadily bent by any of these procedures.
An important precaution to observe in all bendingis to allow maximum radii to ensure that appliedstresses are as evenly distributed as possible. The minimum radii to which nickel alloy tubingcan be bent by various methods are given in thetable on this page which should be used as a guideto general limitations. Depending on equipmentdesign, tube size and quality of the finished bend,it is possible to bend to smaller radii than thoselisted. However, when smaller radii are necessary,trial bends should be made to determine if thedesired bend is possible.
Bending without Mandrels or FillersIn bending with no internal support, the diesshould be slightly smaller than those used with a mandrel or filler. Bending without use of a man-drel or filler is suitable only for tube and pipe thathave a wall thickness greater than 7% of the out-side diameter, or for bends of large radii. Nickelalloy tube in sizes within the above ratio can bebent with no mandrel or filler to a minimummean radius three times the outside diameter of the tube (3D) through 180 degrees.
Bending with Mandrels or FillersThin-wall tubing may be bent to small radii withoutwrinkling by use of a mandrel or filler. Thin-wall tubingin high nickel alloys may be mandrel-bent through 180 degrees to a minimum radius of 2D.
To minimize galling of the inside surface of the tube,mandrels should be made of hard alloy bronze ratherthan steel. Steel mandrels may be used but should bechromium plated to reduce galling.
Mandrels must be lubricated before use. Lubricants ofextreme-pressure, chlorinated oil are best for severebending. For less severe bending or for ease of removal,water-soluble lubricants are used.
Any of the standard filler materials such as sand, resin,and low-melting-point alloys may be used. Sand is the least desirable because it is difficult to pack tightlyand can lead to the formation of wrinkles or kinks during bending.
Low-melting-alloy fillers produce the best bends. Theirexpansion characteristics ensure that voids are elimi-nated and a sound center is created. Alloy fillers areremoved by heating the bent tube in steam or hotwater. Metallic fillers must not be removed by directtorch heating since they contain elements such as lead, tin, and bismuth which will embrittle the high-nickel alloys at elevated temperatures. It is imperativethat all traces of metallic fillers are removed before fabrication and service.
6 x OD
4 x OD
2 ¹�₂ x OD
2 x OD
3 x OD
2 x OD
120
360
180
180
180
180
Method ofBending
Minimum MeanBend Radius
Maximum Included
Angle of Bend(degrees)
Press BendingUnfilled Tube
Roll BendingFilled Tube
Stationary Die,Unfilled Tube
Stationary Die,Filled Tube orUsing Mandrel
Rotating Die,Unfilled Tube
Rotating Die,Filled Tube orUsing Mandrel
18
Forming of Tube and Pipe (continued)
Press BendingPress or ram bending, in which the tube is heldby two supporting dies and a force is appliedbetween the dies (see Figure 1), is normally usedonly for heavy-wall tubing where some flatteningis tolerable. This method does not provide closetolerances and is applicable only to large radiusbends. The bend is limited to 120 degrees, andthe radius of the bend should not be less than six times the outside diameter of the tube. A fillermaterial should be used if bends of radii less than 6 x OD are to be made.
Pressure blocks used in press bending should beat least twice the outside diameter of the tube inlength. Press bending with wing dies is used forunfilled, thin-wall, large-diameter tube.
Annealed tubing is not always preferred for pressbending. Annealed tubing of low base hardnessdoes not have sufficient stiffness to withstanddeformation without excessive flattening.Consequently, nickel and the MONEL nickel-copper alloys are usually press bent in the stress-relieved temper. The chromium-containingINCOLOY and INCONEL alloys have highermechanical properties in the annealed conditionthan nickel and the nickel-copper alloys andshould be press-bent in the annealed temper.Ideally, the choice of temper for a specific bend is determined by several trial bends.
Support Post
Pressure Block
Figure 1 – Equipment for press bending
Way Ram
Tube
Tube
Power-Driven Rolls
Figure 2 – Roll bending. The bend radius is controlled by raising or lowering the top roll
RotatingBending Die
Clamp
Tube
Stationary Wiper Block
Figure 4 – Rotating-die bending with stationary wiper block
RotatingBending Die
Clamp
Tube
Sliding Wiper Block
Figure 5 – Rotating-die bending with sliding wiper block
RotatingBending Die
Clamp
Tube
Movable Pressure Die
Figure 3 – Stationary-die bending
Roll BendingRoll bending (Figure 2) is the principal method of producing helical coils, spirals, and circularconfigurations since an included angle of 360degrees can be obtained. Bending may be done on either unfilled or filled tube. The minimumbend radius for unfilled tube is approximately six times the outside diameter of the tube.
Stationary-die BendingStationary-die bending (Figure 3) utilizes a sta-tionary bending die and a movable pressure die.This method is not suitable for thin-wall tubingand is generally used with no mandrel support.
Stationary-die bending can produce bend radiidown to 2¹�₂ x OD but is normally used only forlarge-radius bends. The maximum included angle that can be produced is 180 degrees.
Rotating-die BendingRotating-die bending is the most common bend-ing process and is the preferred method for bending nickel alloy tube. The process is similarto stationary-die bending except that the bendingdie revolves and the wiper block remains stationary.
Rotating-die bending machines may have either a fixed wiper block (Figure 4) or a sliding wiperblock (Figure 5). The sliding wiper block is pre-ferred because it distributes the applied stressesmore evenly.
19
Tubing can be bent as much as 180 degrees witha minimum radius of 2 x OD by rotary bending.Although bending can be done without a mandrel,a mandrel is generally preferred and must be usedwhen the ratio of tube diameter to wall thicknessis above the limit suitable for bending withoutwrinkling or collapsing of the tube. Various typesof mandrel are used including ball and straight-plug types.
Expanding Heat-exchanger Tube
Tubing of the MONEL, INCONEL and INCOLOYalloys can be expanded into tube sheets by anyconventional method. Some design factors whichmust be taken into consideration in expanding orrolling tubing include thickness of the tube sheet,wall thickness of the tube, tube spacing or liga-ment between tube-sheet holes, rolling practice,clearance between tube and hole, and the relativehardnesses of the tubes and tube sheets. If anunfamiliar design is being used, trial tests shouldbe performed to determine if difficulties may beencountered in expanding.
The oversize allowance on tube-sheet holes to thenominal outside diameter of the tube should bekept to a minimum. The tube-sheet hole shouldbe 0.004 to 0.008 in (0.10 to 0.20 mm) largerthan the nominal outside diameter of the tube for tubing less than 1¹�₂ in (38 mm) OD. For largertubing the oversize-allowance should be 0.009 to0.010 in (0.23 to 0.25 mm).
Procedure
Expanding may be done by drifting with sectionalexpanders or, preferably, by rolling with three-roll expanders. The ends of rolled-in tubing areflared in the conventional manner.
The tube-sheet hole and both the outside andinside surfaces of the tube must be free of all matter such as oxide, dirt and oil. The ends of the tube should also be deburred before rolling.
Lubrication should be provided between therollers of the tool and the inside surface of thetube. Any sulfur-free mineral oil or lard oil, eitherdiluted or straight, may be used. Lubricants thatcontain embrittling or contaminating elementssuch as sulfur or lead should be avoided becauseof the difficulty of cleaning the finished assembly.
Controlled rolling equipment should be used toprevent over-expanding the tubes. Over-expand-ing may distort the tube sheet and plasticallydeform the tube-sheet ligaments, causing loose-fitting tubes. This is particularly true when thetube has a higher hardness than the tube sheet or a significantly higher work-hardening rate.
Material Temper
The tube sheet should be harder than the tubebeing rolled into it, otherwise springback in thetube may be greater than in the tube sheet, causinga gap between the two when the expanding tool isremoved. For that reason, tube sheets are usuallysupplied in the as-rolled or as-forged temper andtube in the annealed temper. It is particularlyimportant for the tube sheet to be harder thanthe tube when the sheet is thinner than the out-side diameter of the tube or when the tubes areclosely spaced. Tubes are closely spaced when the tube-sheet ligament is less than the greater of 25% of the outside diameter or ¹�₄ in (6 mm).
Stress-relieved tubing may be slightly harder than the tube sheet but can be expanded to forma satisfactory connection if greater care is exer-cised in expanding. For greater assurance of pres-sure tightness, a seal weld may be placed aroundthe end of the tube after expanding. The stress-relieved temper is suitable for either welding or silver brazing.
If rolling of stress-relieved tube appears to be amarginal operation, the problem can often beremedied by using annealed tube or stress-relieved tube with the ends annealed. Stress-relieved, end-annealed tubing combines thestrength advantage of stress-relieved material with the ease of fabrication of annealed material.Tubing in the annealed condition is used whenoptimum rolling or expanding characteristics aredesired or when severe cold-bending and flaringare to be done.
Miscellaneous Forming OperationsFlanging, bulging, swaging, and other expandingor reducing operations can be readily performedon tube and pipe of the high-nickel alloys. Manysuch operations are variations of those discussedin this section, and comments made on specificoperations will also apply to the variations.
Extremely severe or complex forming operationsmay require that the material be given one ormore intermediate anneals to prevent rupturingfrom excessive cold work.
20
Welding and FabricationFor many applications, the corrosion- and heat-resistant tubular products have to be fabricated and welded. The MONEL, INCONEL and INCOLOY alloy products are amenable to these processes. Full details on processes and techniques can be obtained from our website, www.specialmetals.com, or from any of ouroffices listed on the back of this publication.
Matched composition welding electrodes and filler metals are available for many of the tubularproducts. The main examples are listed below.Where a choice is indicated, the selection shouldbe made to suit the welding process and/or theservice conditions. Advice on the optimum selection is available.
Nickel 200 & 201 Nickel 141 Nickel 61
MONEL alloy 400 MONEL 190 MONEL 60
INCONEL 112 INCONEL 625
INCONEL alloy 600 INCONEL 117 INCONEL 62
INCONEL 132 INCONEL 82
INCONEL 182 INCONEL 617
INCO-WELD A
INCO-WELD B
INCONEL alloy 601 INCONEL 117 INCONEL 82
INCONEL 182 INCONEL 601
INCO-WELD A INCONEL 617
INCONEL alloy 601GC INCONEL 117 INCONEL 82
INCO-WELD A INCONEL 601
INCONEL 617
ALLOY WELDING ELECTRODE FILLER METAL
21
INCONEL alloy 617 INCONEL 117 INCONEL 617
INCONEL alloy 625 INCONEL 112 INCONEL 622
INCONEL 122 INCONEL 625
INCO-WELD 686CPT INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCONEL alloy 686 INCO-WELD 686CPT INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCONEL alloy 690 INCONEL 152 INCONEL 52
INCONEL 72
INCONEL alloy 693 Consult SMC Welding Products Co.
INCONEL alloy 725 INCO-WELD 725NDUR
INCONEL alloy C-276 INCONEL C-276 INCONEL C-276
INCO-WELD 686CPT INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCONEL alloy G-3 INCONEL 112 INCONEL 622
INCO-WELD 686CPT INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCONEL alloy 050 INCONEL 112 INCONEL 622
INCO-WELD 686CPT INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCOLOY alloys 800, INCO-WELD A INCONEL 82
800H & 800HT INCONEL 117 INCONEL 617
INCOLOY alloy 803 INCONEL 117s INCONEL 617s
INCONEL 152c INCONEL 52c
INCOLOY alloy 825 INCONEL 112 INCONEL 625
INCO-WELD 686CPT INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCOLOY alloy 890 INCONEL 117s INCONEL 617s
INCONEL 152c INCONEL 52c
INCOLOY alloy 925 INCO-WELD 725NDUR
INCOLOY alloy 020 INCONEL 112 INCONEL 625
INCOLOY alloy 028 INCONEL 112 INCONEL 625
INCO-WELD 686CPT INCO-WELD 686CPT
NIMONIC alloy 75 INCO-WELD A NC 80/20
INCONEL 117 INCONEL 82
INCONEL 617
NIMONIC alloy 80A
NIMONIC alloy 263 NIMONIC 263
NIMONIC alloy PE 16 INCO-WELD 725NDUR
NILO alloys Nickel 141 Nickel 61
36, 42 & 48 INCO-WELD A INCONEL 82
NILO CF36
NILO CF42
NILO alloy K NILO CF36
NILO CF42
ALLOY WELDING ELECTRODE FILLER METAL
cFor corrosion limited applicationssFor strength limited applications
22
Calculated Weights of Tubular ProductsThe table on page 23 shows calculated weights forcold-worked and extruded tubing and ASASchedule pipe, in lb/ft and kg/m. Note that, inpractice, small differences can occur due to varia-tions in dimensions within permitted tolerances.
Calculated WeightsTo determine the weight in pounds per linear footor kilograms per linear meter of seamless tube orpipe, use the calculations on page 23.
• When the O.D. is given, subtract the wall thickness from the O.D., multiply by the wall thickness, then multiply by the factors on page 23.
• When the I.D. is given, add the wall thickness to the I.D., multiply by the wall thickness, then multiply by the factors on page 23.
23
Nickel 200 12.101 0.02792
Nickel 201 12.101 0.02792
MONEL alloy 400 11.988 0.02765
INCONEL alloy 600 11.536 0.02661
INCONEL alloy 601 11.046 0.02548
INCONEL alloy 601GC 11.046 0.02548
INCONEL alloy 617 11.385 0.02626
INCONEL alloy 625 11.498 0.02652
INCONEL alloy 686 11.875 0.02739
INCONEL alloy 690 11.159 0.02573
INCONEL alloy 693 10.556 0.02435
INCONEL alloy 725 11.310 0.02608
INCONEL alloy C-276 12.101 0.02793
INCONEL alloy G-3 11.084 0.02557
INCONEL alloy 050 11.4372 0.02638
INCOLOY alloy 800 10.820 0.02494
INCOLOY alloy 800H 10.820 0.02494
INCOLOY alloy 800HT 10.820 0.02494
INCOLOY alloy 803 10.707 0.02469
INCOLOY alloy 825 11.084 0.02557
INCOLOY alloy 890 10.820 0.02494
INCOLOY alloy 925 10.970 0.02538
INCOLOY alloy 020 10.970 0.02529
INCOLOY alloy 028 10.9476 0.02525
NIMONIC alloy 75 11.385 0.02630
NIMONIC alloy 80A 11.159 0.02573
NIMONIC alloy 263 11.385 0.02626
NIMONIC alloy PE16 10.933 0.02520
NILO alloy 36 11.046 0.02548
NILO alloy 42 11.046 0.02548
NILO alloy 48 11.046 0.02548
NILO alloy K 11.121 0.02564
ALLOY FACTOR (FOR LB/FT) FACTOR (FOR KG/M)Example 1
To find the foot weight of a 7 in O.D. x 0.362 inch average wall tube in INCOLOY alloy 825:
7.000 O.D.– 0.362 wall
6.638 x 0.362 x 11.084 = 26.634 lb/ft
Example 2
To find the meter weight of a 180 mm O.D. x 9 mm average wall tube in INCOLOY alloy 825:
180.0 O.D.– 9.0 wall
171.0 x 9.0 x 0.02557 = 39.35 kg/m
24
2³�₈ 60.3 0.190 4.83 4.60 6.85 4.60 6.85 5.02 7.47
0.254 6.45 5.80 8.63 5.97 8.88 6.52 9.70
0.336 8.53 7.70 11.46 7.59 11.30 8.29 12.34
2⁷�₈ 73.0 0.217 5.51 6.40 9.52 6.38 9.49 6.97 10.37
0.276 7.01 7.80 11.61 7.95 11.83 8.68 12.92
0.308 7.82 8.60 12.80 8.76 13.04 9.56 14.23
0.340 8.64 9.50 14.14 9.54 14.20 10.42 15.51
0.440 11.18 11.65 17.34 11.87 17.66 12.96 19.29
3¹�₂ 88.9 0.254 6.45 9.20 13.69 9.13 13.59 9.97 14.84
0.289 7.34 10.20 15.18 10.27 15.28 11.22 16.70
0.375 9.52 12.70 18.90 12.98 19.32 14.17 21.09
0.476 12.09 15.80 23.51 15.95 23.74 17.41 25.91
4 101.6 0.262 6.65 11.00 16.37 10.85 16.15 11.85 17.63
0.330 8.38 13.40 19.94 13.42 19.97 14.65 21.80
0.415 10.54 15.89 23.65 16.49 24.54 18.01 26.80
0.500 12.70 19.00 28.28 19.40 28.87 21.18 31.52
4¹�₂ 114.3 0.271 6.88 12.60 18.75 12.70 18.90 13.87 20.64
0.290 7.37 13.50 20.09 13.52 20.12 14.76 21.97
0.337 8.56 15.50 23.07 15.54 23.13 16.97 25.25
0.430 10.92 19.20 28.57 19.40 28.87 21.18 31.52
0.500 12.70 21.60 32.14 22.17 32.99 24.20 36.01
0.560 14.22 24.60 36.61 24.45 36.39 26.70 39.73
5 127.0 0.253 6.43 13.00 19.35 13.31 19.81 14.53 21.62
0.296 7.52 15.00 22.32 15.43 22.96 16.85 25.08
0.362 9.19 18.00 26.79 18.61 27.69 20.32 30.24
0.422 10.72 20.80 30.95 21.41 31.86 23.38 34.79
0.478 12.14 23.20 34.53 23.96 35.66 26.16 38.93
0.500 12.70 24.10 35.86 24.94 37.11 27.23 40.52
0.560 14.22 27.00 40.18 27.55 41.00 30.08 44.76
5¹�₂ 139.7 0.275 6.98 15.50 23.07 15.92 23.69 17.38 25.86
0.304 7.72 17.00 25.30 17.50 26.04 19.11 28.44
0.361 9.17 20.00 29.76 20.56 30.60 22.45 33.41
0.415 10.54 23.00 34.23 23.39 34.81 25.53 37.99
6⁵�₈ 168.3 0.288 7.32 20.00 29.76 20.23 30.11 22.09 32.87
0.352 8.94 24.00 35.72 24.47 36.42 26.72 39.76
0.417 10.59 28.00 41.67 28.70 42.71 31.33 46.62
0.475 12.06 32.00 47.62 32.39 48.20 35.36 52.62
7 177.8 0.272 6.91 20.00 29.76 20.28 30.18 22.15 32.96
0.317 8.05 23.00 34.23 23.49 34.96 25.64 38.16
0.362 9.19 26.00 38.69 26.63 39.63 29.08 43.28
0.408 10.36 29.00 43.16 29.81 44.36 32.55 48.44
0.453 11.51 32.00 47.62 32.87 48.92 35.89 53.41
0.498 12.65 35.00 52.09 35.89 53.41 39.18 58.31
0.540 13.72 38.00 56.55 38.66 57.53 42.21 62.82
OUTSIDE DIAMETER
WALL THICKNESS
NOMINAL WEIGHT,THREADS AND
COUPLINGINCOLOY alloy 825,INCONEL alloy G-3
INCONEL alloy C-276
in mm in mm lb/ft kg/m lb/ft kg/m lb/ft kg/m
CALCULATED PLAIN-END WEIGHT
Weights and Pressure Ratingsof Tubing and Casing for Oil and Gas Production
25
16.13 111.2 15.40 106.2 17.90 123.4 17.50 120.7 18.47 127.4 18.20 125.5
21.01 144.9 20.59 142.0 23.88 164.7 23.39 161.3 24.83 171.2 24.33 167.8
26.72 184.2 27.23 187.7 30.36 209.3 30.95 213.4 31.58 217.7 32.19 222.0
14.55 100.3 14.53 100.2 16.07 110.8 16.51 113.8 16.56 114.2 17.17 118.4
19.09 131.6 18.48 127.4 21.70 149.6 21.00 144.8 22.56 155.6 21.84 150.6
21.04 145.1 20.62 142.2 23.91 164.9 23.43 161.5 24.87 171.5 24.37 168.0
22.94 158.2 22.77 157.0 26.07 179.8 25.87 178.4 27.11 186.9 26.90 185.5
28.52 196.6 29.46 203.1 32.41 223.4 33.84 233.3 33.70 232.4 34.82 240.1
13.53 93.3 13.97 96.3 14.89 102.7 15.87 109.4 15.33 105.7 16.51 113.8
16.67 114.9 15.89 109.6 18.94 130.6 18.06 124.5 19.56 134.9 18.78 129.5
21.05 145.1 20.62 142.2 23.92 164.9 23.44 161.6 24.87 171.5 24.37 168.0
25.85 178.2 26.18 180.5 29.38 202.6 29.75 205.1 30.55 210.6 30.94 213.3
11.06 76.3 12.61 86.9 12.03 82.9 13.33 91.9 12.33 85.0 14.40 99.3
16.65 114.8 15.88 109.5 18.92 130.5 18.05 124.5 19.53 134.7 18.77 129.4
20.46 141.1 19.97 137.7 23.24 160.2 22.69 156.4 24.17 166.7 23.60 162.7
24.06 165.9 24.06 165.9 27.34 188.5 27.34 188.5 28.44 196.1 28.44 196.1
9.21 63.5 11.59 79.9 9.89 68.2 13.17 90.8 10.09 69.6 13.70 94.5
10.68 73.6 12.41 85.6 11.60 80.0 14.10 97.2 11.88 81.9 14.66 101.1
14.34 98.9 14.42 99.4 15.84 109.2 16.38 112.9 16.31 112.5 17.04 117.5
19.01 131.1 18.39 126.8 21.61 149.0 20.90 144.1 22.47 154.9 21.74 149.9
19.80 136.5 19.25 132.7 22.50 155.1 21.88 150.9 23.40 161.3 22.75 156.9
23.97 165.3 23.96 165.2 27.24 187.8 27.22 187.7 28.31 195.2 26.83 185.0
5.84 40.3 9.74 67.2 6.05 41.7 11.07 76.3 6.16 42.5 11.51 79.4
8.85 61.0 11.40 78.6 9.48 65.4 12.95 89.3 9.66 66.6 13.47 92.9
13.47 92.9 13.94 96.1 14.82 102.2 15.84 109.2 15.25 105.1 16.47 113.6
17.00 117.2 16.25 112.0 19.32 133.2 18.46 127.3 20.09 138.5 19.20 132.4
19.02 131.1 18.40 126.9 21.68 149.5 20.91 144.2 22.48 155.0 21.75 150.0
19.80 136.5 19.25 132.7 22.50 155.1 21.88 150.9 23.40 161.3 22.75 156.9
21.88 150.9 21.56 148.7 24.86 171.4 24.50 168.9 25.86 178.3 25.48 175.7
5.63 38.8 9.63 66.4 5.89 40.6 10.94 75.4 5.99 41.3 11.38 78.5
7.48 51.6 10.64 73.4 7.89 54.4 12.09 83.4 8.00 55.2 12.58 86.7
11.10 76.5 12.63 87.1 12.08 83.3 14.36 99.0 12.39 85.4 14.93 102.9
14.54 100.3 14.52 100.1 16.06 110.7 16.51 113.8 16.55 114.1 17.17 118.4
4.03 27.8 8.37 57.7 4.17 28.8 9.51 65.6 4.20 29.0 9.89 68.2
6.73 46.4 10.23 70.5 7.02 48.4 11.62 80.1 7.09 48.9 12.09 83.4
10.16 70.1 12.12 83.6 10.99 75.8 13.77 94.9 11.25 77.6 14.32 98.7
13.20 91.0 13.80 95.2 14.55 100.3 15.68 108.1 14.95 103.1 16.31 112.5
2.98 20.5 7.48 51.6 2.98 20.5 8.50 58.6 2.98 20.5 8.84 61.0
4.44 30.6 8.72 60.1 4.65 32.1 9.91 68.3 4.69 32.3 10.30 71.0
6.23 43.0 9.95 68.6 6.45 44.5 11.31 78.0 6.49 44.7 11.76 81.1
8.53 58.8 11.22 77.4 9.11 62.8 12.75 87.9 9.27 63.9 13.26 91.4
10.78 74.3 12.46 85.9 11.71 80.7 14.16 97.6 12.00 82.7 14.72 101.5
13.03 89.8 13.69 94.4 14.31 98.7 15.56 107.3 14.72 101.4 16.18 111.6
15.11 104.2 14.85 102.4 16.76 115.6 16.87 116.3 17.26 119.0 17.55 121.0
COLLAPSEPRESSURE
INTERNAL YIELDPRESSURE
COLLAPSEPRESSURE
INTERNAL YIELDPRESSURE
COLLAPSEPRESSURE
INTERNAL YIELDPRESSURE
1000 psi MPa 1000 psi MPa 1000 psi MPa 1000 psi MPa 1000 psi MPa 1000 psi MPa
YIELD STRENGTH: 110,000 psi (758 MPa) YIELD STRENGTH: 125,000 psi (862 MPa) YIELD STRENGTH: 130,000 psi (896 MPa)
26
1/8 0.405 10.29 0.049 1.24 0.068 1.73 0.095 2.41
1/4 0.540 13.72 0.065 1.65 0.088 2.24 0.119 3.02
3/8 0.675 17.14 0.065 1.65 0.091 2.31 0.126 3.20
1/2 0.840 21.34 0.065 1.65 0.083 2.11 0.109 2.77 0.147 3.73 0.187 4.75
3/4 1.050 26.67 0.065 1.65 0.083 2.11 0.113 2.87 0.154 3.91 0.218 5.54
1 1.315 33.40 0.065 1.65 0.109 2.77 0.133 3.38 0.179 4.55 0.250 6.35
1 ¹�₄ 1.660 42.16 0.065 1.65 0.109 2.77 0.140 3.56 0.191 4.85 0.250 6.35
1 ¹�₂ 1.900 48.26 0.065 1.65 0.109 2.77 0.145 3.68 0.200 5.08 0.281 7.14
2 2.375 60.32 0.065 1.65 0.109 2.77 0.154 3.91 0.218 5.54 0.343 8.71
2 ¹�₂ 2.875 73.02 0.083 2.11 0.120 3.05 0.203 5.16 0.276 7.01 0.375 9.52
3 3.500 88.90 0.083 2.11 0.120 3.05 0.216 5.49 0.300 7.62 0.438 11.10
3 ¹�₂ 4.000 101.60 0.083 2.11 0.120 3.05 0.226 5.74 0.318 8.08
4 4.500 114.30 0.083 2.11 0.120 3.05 0.237 6.02 0.337 8.56 0.531 13.50
5 5.563 141.30 0.109 2.77 0.134 3.40 0.258 6.55 0.375 9.52 0.625 15.90
6 6.625 168.30 0.109 2.77 0.134 3.40 0.280 7.11 0.0432 11.00 0.718 18.20
8 8.625 219.10 0.109 2.77 0.148 3.76 0.322 8.18 0.500 12.70 0.906 23.00
10 10.750 273.00 0.134 3.40 0.165 4.19 0.365 9.27 0.593 15.10
12 12.750 323.80 0.165 4.19 0.180 4.57 0.406 10.30 0.687 17.40
NOMINALPIPE SIZE
OUTSIDEDIAMETER Schedule 5
in in mm in mm
Schedule 10
in mm
Schedule 40
in mm
Schedule 80
in mm
Schedule 160
in mm
NOMINAL WALL THICKNESS
Standard Pipe Sizes
Service Pressure The ASTM tubing specifications do not includeany recommended service pressure or any elevat-ed temperature pressure requirements. However,throughout the tubing and pipe industry, Barlow’sFormula is commonly used to estimate the theo-retical internal bursting and working pressures oftubing.
Using this formula, reasonable estimated burstpressures can be calculated. Yield pressures canbe estimated as well by substituting “Y” (yieldstrength of material, psi) for “S” in the formula. A reasonable working pressure is derived bydividing the estimated burst pressure by 4, yielding a 4 to 1 safety factor margin.
Simply stated, Barlow’s Formula is:
P = 2 St / D
Where:
P = Burst Pressure, psi
S = Tensile strength of material, psi
t = Wall thickness, inches
D = Outside diameter, inches
27
INCONEL®
INCOLOY®
MONEL®
NIMONIC®
NILO®