RESEARCH POSTER PRESENTATION DESIGN © 2011

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TUBERCULOSIS (TB)

INTRODUCTION An infectious bacterial disease characterized by the

growth of NODULES (tubercles) in the tissues,

especially the lungs.

The CULPRIT The bacteria usually attack the lungs, but TB bacteria

can attack any part of the body such as the kidney,

spine, and brain.

If not treated properly, TB disease can be fatal.

*These are just some of the diagnostic methods used in diagnosing TB.

Lowenstein-Jensen medium

Fluorescent microscopy

ROSSHINI JAGATHESWARAN

On the move against TB:

Transforming the fight towards elimination

SPREAD OF THE DISEASE Air – from one person to another. i.e. Robert

coughs/sings/sneezes/talks bacteria put to the air Albert

inhales the bacteria and gets infected.

SEEK A DOCTOR IMMEDIATELY IF.. Cough for more than 3 weeks

Chest pain

Blood / sputum upon coughing

These are main symptoms

ONLY!

INTERESTING RATHER SCARY FACT!!

WHAT IS TB DISEASE AND TB LATENT INFECTION? TB Disease ~ bacteria is active in body; capable of

spreading to others; symptoms shown

TB Latent Infection ~ bacteria is inactive; cannot spread to

others; no symptoms shown

SO?

LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS Specimen : early morning sputum, laryngeal swab, broncho-alveolar lavage,

gastric washings

Ziehl-Neelsen staining : acid-fast bacilli

Rough, tough,

buff colonies

Takes 6-8 weeks!

BACTEC MGIT

automatically directs

the placement of

each tube

indicates positives

with both a visual

and an audible signal

as they occur.

MICROSCOPY

CULTURE

MOLECULAR

OTHER METHODS

ELISPOTELISA

BACTEC MGITFaster!

Microscopy Observation

Drug Susceptibility assay

Tissue culture plate based

assay + Middle Brook

Inverted light microscope

Drug resistance can be

tested – Rifampicin,

Isoniazid.

X-RAYMODS

NON-SPECIFIC TESTS

MANTOUX TEST

Xpert MTB/RIF assay

Major breakthrough

Rapid, fully-automated

NAAT (nucleic acid

amplification test)

Accurate diagnosis of

TB and rifampicin

resistance

Duration - 2 hours

NEWEST

TECHNIQUE!

Advanced tuberculosis

VACCINES

Isoniazid → Disrupts the synthesis of cell wall in M. tuberculosis

Rifampicin → Alters the DNA transcription

Streptomycin → Disrupts the protein synthesis

Ethambutol → Disrupts the synthesis of cell wall in M. tuberculosis

In choosing a suitable drug regimen, underlying comorbidity, as well as the potential for drug interactions, must be considered

1. BCG

Bacille Calmette-

Guerin

1st vaccine used

since 1921

Live attenuated

strain of M. bovis

Sub-cultured for

every 3 weeks for

13 years – less

virulent on

animals

2. rBCG30

Recombinant form of BCG

Protection is significantly greater than

BCG

Genetically engineered to secrete large

amounts of a protein of M. tuberculosis,

the primary causative agent of human

tuberculosis

Induces a strong immune response in

animals and in humans

Tested for efficacy in guinea pigs - a

species that is highly susceptible to

tuberculosis and in which the disease

closely resembles the disease in

humans

Safer than BCG

DRUGS

ROSSHINI JAGATHESWARANMBBS BATCH 16