Sheet2Thut Ng Chui Cung ng & Logistics "Z"Zone of Rate Flexibility:Khu vc gi cc linh hotL cc hng vn ti ng st c php nng gi cc vn ti ng st vi s quyt nh ca ICC, gi cc c th tng 6% t nm 1984 v 4% nhng nm sau .Zone of Rate Freedom:Khu vc gi cc t doCc hng vn ti ng b c php tng hay h gi cc mc 10% m khng c s can thip ca ICC; nu gi cc c thay i trong khu vc t do th gi cc mi mc nhin c xem l hp l.Zone of Reasonableness:Khu vc hp lL khu vc hay gii hn trong cc hng vn ti hng khng c php thay i gi cc m khng chu s kim sot qui nh; nu gi cc c thay i trong khu vc ny th gi cc mi mc nhin c xem l hp l.Zone Picking:Gom hng theo khu vcL phng php phn chia phiu yu cu ly hng theo cc khu vc trong kho vic ly hng t c hiu qu cao v nhanh chng hn. Hng c ly theo phng php ny s c tp kt v nhm li theo n hng hoc ch cn chuyn n, v d nh n mt khu vc sn xut no .Xem thm: Batch PickingZone Price:Gi khu vcL gi n nh ca mt sn phm ti mi v tr a l trong khu vc.Thut Ng Chui Cung ng & Logistics "Y"Yard Management System (YMS):H thng qun l bi u xeL h thng t chc v sp xp xe ti, xe container i, n v ch ti bi u xe chun b ly hng, d hng ti kho cha hng, trung tm phn phi, hoc khu vc sn xut.Yield:Hiu sutL t l gia sn lng u ra ca mt quy trnh sn xut so vi lng nguyn liu u vo.YMS:Xem Yard Management SystemThut Ng Chui Cung ng & Logistics "X"X12:L tiu chun ca Vin Tiu chun Quc gia M (ANSI) i vi cc giao dch kinh doanh gia cc ngnh cng nghip c trao i bng in t.XML:Xem Extensible Markup LanguageThut Ng Chui Cung ng & Logistics "W"Wagner-Whitin Algorithm:Thut ton Wagner-WhitinL mt m hnh ton hc cho php nh gi mi kh nng c th trong cch t hng (thi gian & khi lng) tm ra chin lc t hng ti u nht.Xem thm: Discrete Order Quantity, Dynamic Lot SizingWall-to-Wall Inventory:Tn kho Wall-to-WallL k thut kim sot tn kho trong tt c cc a im lu tr trong kho u c tnh n trong cng thi im, tri ngc vi vic tnh m theo cc nhm nh.WAN:Xem Wide Area NetworkWarehouse:Kho hngL ni lu tr hng ha. Cc hot ng ch yu trong kho hng bao gm nhp sn phm, lu tr, chuyn hng v thu gom n hng.Warehousing:Hot ng lu khoL vic lu tr hng ha.Warehouse Management System (WMS):H thng qun l kho biL cc h thng c dng qun l hiu qu cc qui trnh, cc hot ng trc tip ti kho, bao gm nhn hng, nh v hng ha trong kho, xut hng, kim tra tn kho. H thng ny cng h tr thng tin lin lc bng sng radio cho php truyn d liu theo thi gian thc gia h thng v nhn vin kho. H thng qun l kho s ti a ha khng gian cha hng v gim thiu cc thao tc thng qua cc qui trnh xp hng t ng ti kho.Warranty Costs:Chi ph bo hnhL chi ph nguyn liu, nhn cng v phn tch li i vi cc sn phm thu hi sa cha hay tn trang.Waste:S lng ph1) Theo phng php sn xut Lean v Just-in-Time, y l hot ng khng tng thm gi tr cho sn phm hoc dch v trong con mt khch hng.2) L sn phm ph trong qu trnh sn xut cn phi c kim sot v hoch nh. Lng ph trong sn xut c th d kin v kim sot c. Cn ph liu th khng th d kin c v c th pht sinh trong cng mt quy trnh sn xut.Waterway Use Tax:Thu s dng ng thyL thu nh vo cc hng vn ti bng x lan trn ng thy.Wave Picking:Gom hng theo dng sngL phng php la chn v sp xp ly hng ha trong kho nhm tng hiu qu thu gom hng v gim thiu thi gian ch i. Cc n hng xut c th c thu gom theo t da theo vic chng c chung sn phm, chung mt hng vn chuyn, chung mt ni nhn hng hay c yu cu bi cng mt khu vc sn xut (i vi cc nguyn vt t dng cho sn xut). Hng c ly sau thng c gom li vi nhau theo a im xut hng trong qu trnh ng gi v vn chuyn.Waybill:Vn nL loi chng t miu t hng ha vn chuyn trong th hin ni xut pht, ni n, ngi gi hng, ngi nhn hng v chi ph/cc vn chuyn. Loi chng t ny c hng vn chuyn lu gi v kim sot c bit trong qu trnh vn chuyn. Vn n khng phi l hp ng chuyn ch.Web:L thut ng my tnh dng m t mng Internet ton cu.ng ngha: World Wide WebWeb Browser:Trnh duyt webMt ng dng gip tm v hin th cc trang web v cc ti nguyn khc trn World Wide Web cho ngi s dng.Web Services:Dch v webL thut ng my tnh ch cc dch v x l thng tin c cung cp bi cc bn th ba thng qua vic s dng cc cng giao tip internet. Cc giao thc cng ngh thng tin lin lc c chun ha; cc dch v mng c xem nh cc nh dng ca thng tin lin lc hay cc u cui cho php trao i tin nhn.Web Site:L mt v tr trn Internet.Weight Break:Mc trng lng c gim ccL khi lng hng ha mc ti thiu c th tnh cc hng LTL nh l hng TL.Weight Confirmation:Xc nhn khi lngL vic xc nhn hay cng nhn tnh hp l ca hng ha cn c vo trng lng.Weight-losing raw material:Nguyn liu th b hao ht trng lngL nguyn liu th b mt trng lng trong khi x l.Weighted-Point Plan:K hoch chn nh cung ng theo trng lngL phng php la chn v nh gi nh cung ng s dng u vo thu thp c t phng php k hoch phn loi sn phm v phn chia khi lng cho tng tiu ch nh gi ring. Tng khi lng ca tng nh cung ng s c thu thp v so snh vi nhau. Tng khi lng c s dng phi t 100% trong tt c cc tiu ch.Xem thm: Categorical PlanWhat You See Is What You Get (WYSIWYG):Thy g c nyL giao din son tho trong mt tp tin c to ra v hin th ging nh c hin th cho ngi s dng cui cng.Wholesaler:Xem DistributorWide Area Network (WAN):Mng din rngL h thng thng tin lin lc cng cng hay c nhn dng lin kt cc my tnh trn mt khu vc a l rng.Will Call:Trung tm la chn n hngL phng php la cho php ngi mua hng la chn n hng ngay ti a im bn hng. Trung tm bn hng c s dng rng ri trong dch v kinh doanh ph tng.WIP:Xem Work in ProcessWMS:Xem Warehouse Management SystemWork-in-Process (WIP):Cng on lp rp hon chnhL giai on cc linh kin v dy chuyn ph trong qu trnh c lp rp li vi nhau thnh mt sn phm hon chnh. Cng on ny thng bao gm tt c cc chi ph v nguyn vt liu, nhn cng, v cc chi ph khc lin quan n n hng sn xut khng tnh vo chi ph tn kho khi nhp kho sn phm hon chnh.World Trade Organization (WTO):T chc Thng mi Th giiL t chc c thnh lp vo ngy 1/1/1995, thay th cho Hip nh chung v Thu quan v Thng mi (GATT) lm nn tng cho h thng thng mi th gii.World Wide Web (WWW):L c s d liu a phng tin siu lin kt tri rng khp ton cu v cho php bn tm kim nhiu thng tin th v. Khng ging nh cc dch v Internet trc y, Web bao gm cc vn bn, hnh nh, m thanh, v thm ch l hot hnh, v n cho php bn i vng quanh th gii ch vi mt c click chut.WTO:Xem World Trade OrganizationWWW:Xem World Wide WebWYSIWYG:Xem What You See Is What You GetThut Ng Chui Cung ng & Logistics "V"Validation:Xc nhn tnh hp lVic kim tra xem mt chng t c c ng vi loi chng t nht nh no trong h thng EDI hay khng, theo nh tha thun gia cc i tc kinh doanh vi nhau, nhm xc nh xem chng t c chuyn n hay xut pht t mt ngi dng EDI hp l.Value Added:Gi t gia tngGi tr, tnh hu ch, cha nng hay s hu dng gia tng hay ci thin.Value-Added Network (VAN):Mng gi tr gia tngL cng ty ng vai tr nh mt ngn hng trung gian cho cc giao dch in t gia cc i tc kinh doanh. Mt nh cung cp dch v logistics bn th ba nhn c thng tin EDI t cc i tc kinh doanh v lu chng trong mt hp th cho n khi cc i tc bn nhn ly thng tin v.Value-Added Productivity Per Employee:Nng sut gi tr gia tng tnh trn mi nhn cngS ng gp ca nhn cng vo tng doanh thu sn phm tr cho chi ph mua nguyn liu ri em chia cho tng s nhn cng. Tng s nhn cng y l tng s nhn cng thuc i tng sn xut ang c xem xt. y l mc nhn cng tng ng ton thi gian trung bnh trong tt c cc chc nng, bao gm bn hng, marketing, phn phi, sn xut, c kh, dch v khch hng, ti chnh, qun tr hnh chnh v cc chc nng khc. Tng nhn cng phi bao gm c nhn cng c hp ng v nhn cng tm thi da trn c s tng ng ton thi gian (FTE).Cch tnh:Tng doanh thu sn phm-Chi ph nguyn liu t bn ngoi / [FTE]Value-Adding/Nonvalue-Adding:C/Khng c gi tr gia tngCch nh gi gi tr lin quan ca cc hot ng da trn cch chng ng gp vo gi tr khch hng hay vo vic p ng cc yu cu ca cng ty. Mc ng gp phn nh tm nh hng ca nhng yu t to ra chi ph ca mt hot ng no .Value Analysis:Phn tch gi trPhng php xc nh cc tnh nng ca mt sn phm hay dch v c lin h nh th no n chi ph, chc nng, tnh hp dn v hu dng i vi khch hng (v d phn tch gi tr thit k).Xem thm: Target CostingValue Based Return (VBR):T sut li nhun trn gi trCch tnh ton kh nng to ra gi tr. T sut ny l s chnh lch gia li nhun kinh t v chi ph vn.Value Chain:Chui gi trChui cc hot ng c kt hp vi nhau to thnh mt quy trnh kinh doanh; chui cc hot ng t nh sn xut cho n cc ca hng bn l to nn chui cung ng trong ngnh cng nghip bn l.Value Chain Analysis:Phn tch chui gi trPhng php xc nh tt c cc yu t trong chui cc hot ng ca mt cng ty nhm m bo ngun nguyn liu v dch v cn thit, bt u t ni xut x ca nguyn liu, n khu sn xut, phn phi cc sn phm v dch v n cho ngi dng sau cng.Value-of-Service Pricing:nh gi theo gi tr dch vCch nh gi da trn gi tr ca sn phm c vn chuyn; phn bit gi cp ba; nh gi theo nhu cu; tnh ph vn chuyn.Value of Transfers:Gi tr vn chuynL tng gi tr (tnh theo mt nm) pht sinh trong vic vn chuyn hng ha t ni ny n ni khc, v d nh vn chuyn nguyn liu th n ni x l, t ni x l n ni sn xut sn phm, sn phm hon thin t nh my n ni lu tr hay n tay khch hng, t ni kho hng n tay khch hng.Value Proposition:T l gi trCi m thnh vin trong chui cung ng to ra cho cc thnh vin khc. thc s c tc dng, t l gi tr phi c t hai pha; li nhun cho c bn mua ln bn bn.Value stream:Dng chy gi trTt c cc hot ng cn thit, gm c tng thm gi tr v khng tng thm gi tr, em sn phm t lc giai on nguyn liu th cho n khi n tay ngi tiu dng, chuyn t mt tng thit k n sn phm, thc hin mt n hng t lc nhn yu cu t mua n lc giao hng.Value Stream Mapping:V bn dng chy gi trCng vic dng n giy v bt ch trong hai giai on:1. Theo di qu trnh sn xut mt sn phm t u n cui v v mt bn trnh by trc quan v mi quy trnh trong dng chy nguyn liu v thng tin.2. Sau v ra mt bn tng lai ca cc dng chy gi tr. Bn quan trng nht chnhl bn tng lai dng chy gi tr ny.VAN:Xem Value-Added NetworkVariable Cost:Chi ph bin thinChi ph thay i theo s lng hay theo cp hot ng kinh doanh.VBR:Xem Value Based ReturnVelocity:Tc di chuyn trong khoTc vn chuyn hng ha bn trong kho hng.Vendor:Ngi bnNh sn xut hay nh phn phi mt mt hng hay mt dng sn phm. Xem thm: SupplierVendor Code:M s ngi bnL ch s c nht, thng l mt dy s v i khi l s DUNS ca mt cng ty, c khch hng gn cho Ngi bn m h mua hng t . V d nh, Grocery Store Chain mua li Oreos t Nabisco. V mc ch k ton, Grocery Store Chain xem Nabisco l Ngi bn s 76091. Mt cng ty c th c nhiu m ngi bn.Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI):Tn kho do ngi bn qun ly l cch thc cc nh bn l yu cu cc nh cung cp phi chu trch nhim i vi s lng n hng v thi gian hon thnh n hng, thng thng da vo d liu tn kho v d liu ca cc i l bn l. Mc tiu ca phng php ny l gia tng vng quay tn kho bn l v lm gim tnh trng ht hng tn kho. Ngoi ra, phng php ny c th tham gia vo y thc vic kim sot tn kho cho nh cung cp (ngha l nh cung cp c th qun l tn kho nm ti a im ca khch hng).Vendor Owned Inventory (VOI):Xem Consignment InventoryVertical Integration:Tch hp theo chiu dcy l mc m mt cng ty quyt nh tham gia vo nhiu cng on gia tng gi tr sn phm t khu cung cp nguyn liu th cho n khu bn hng n ngi tiu dng cui cng. Cng ty cng tham gia nhiu vo th t cc cng on th mc tch hp theo chiu dc cng ln.Vessel:Tu vn tiL mt cu trc ni c thit k vn chuyn.VICS:C quan qun l chun mc thng mi lin ngnh. L c quan qun l ngnh cng nghip bn l chu trch nhim v cc tiu chun CPRF v cc yu t khc.Viral Marketing:Marketing vi rty l khi nim s dng qung co sn phm v dch v thng qua cc cng thng tin Internet, cc ca s qung co hin ra trong trnh duyt web, cc qung co nh km e-mail gi cho nhiu i tng cho d cc i tng ny khng quan tm.Virtual Corporation:Cng ty oVic m rng thng qua s dng dch v bn ngoi ca cc i tc. Trong cng ty o nng lc v h thng ca cng ty c tch hp vi nng lc v h thng ca cc nh cung cp do s ngn cch gia cc h thng dng i mt i. Loi cng ty o l loi cng ty nng ng trong cc mi lin h v cc cu trc thay i theo nhu cu ca khch hng.Virtual Factory:Nh my oQuy trnh bin i thng thy ti cc cng ty o. y l quy trnh chuyn i thng qua vic sp nhp nng lc v cng sut ca cng ty vi cc nh cung ng. C bit, cc thnh phn do nh cung ng cung cp l nhng yu t khng h lin quan n nng lc chnh ca cng ty, trong khi cc yu t do cng ty qun l th thuc nng lc ca cng ty. Mt li th ca nh my o l chng c th c ti cu trc nhanh chng nhm p ng nhng thay i v nhu cu khch hng.Visibility:Kh nng tm soty l kh nng truy cp hoc tm thy c d liu hoc thng tin ph hp lin quan n logistics v chui cung ng ti bt k im no trn chui cung ng.Vision:Tm nhnQuan im c chia s v tng lai ca cng ty cng ty s t c g v mt tiu ch hot ng. Tm nhn c chia s phi c h tr bi cc mc tiu chin lc, chin lc v cc k hoch hnh ng nhm i ng hng mong mun.ng ngha: Vision StatementVMI:Xem Vendor Managed InventoryVOI:Xem Vendor Owned InventoryVoice Activated or Voice Directed:iu khin bng ging niCc h thng hng dn nhng ngi s dng nh nhn vin kho hng thng qua vic ra lnh bng ging ni.Voice of the Customer:Ting ni khch hngNhng yu cu hay mong i ca khch hng c nhn mnh lin quan n cc sn phm hay dch v, c ghi nhn v ph bin cho cc thnh vin ca mt t chc no .Thut Ng Chui Cung ng & Logistics "U"Ubiquity:Tnh lun sn cL s tn ti hay hin nhin c mt khp ni ti cng mt thi im. Mt loi nguyn liu th c tm thy ti mi a im.UCC:Xem GS1UCS:Xem Uniform Communication StandardUI:Giao din ngi dng User Interface.ULD:Xem Unit Load DeviceUmbrella Rate:Gi cc bnh nPhng php nh gi cc ca ICC (Phng Thng mi Quc t) nhm gi gi cc mt mc nht nh bo v mt phng thc vn ti khc.Unbundled Payment/Remittance:Thanh ton/Chuyn tin ring lQuy trnh thanh ton c thc hin tch bit vi cc chi tit km theo.Uniform Code Council (UCC):Xem GS1Uniform Communication Standard (UCS):Chun truyn thng thng nhtMt b cc giao dch chun thit lp cho ngnh cng nghip thc phm cho php vic trao i chng t gia cc i tc kinh doanh khng bng giy t m l gia my tnh vi my tnh. S dng vic truyn d liu in t, USC l mt phng thc thng tin kinh doanh nhanh chng, chnh xc v kinh t; chun truyn thng ny c th c cc cng ty s dng mi qui m vi nhiu cp k thut tinh vi khc nhau.Uniform Product Code (UPC):M sn phm thng nhtL h thng chun nh s v m vch sn phm c s dng trong ngnh cng nghip bn l. Cc m UPC c Hi ng M Thng nht qun l; cc m ny gip nhn dng nh sn xut cng nh cc sn phm, v c th hin ln trn bao b ca tt c sn phm bn l. Xem thm: Uniform Code CouncilUniform Resource Locator (URL):a ch ngun ti nguyn InternetL mt chui cho ta a ch Internet ca mt website hay l mt ti nguyn trn Internet v c truy cp theo mt giao thc chun. C php ph bin nht ca URL l http:// v theo sau l a ch ca mt trang web. Mt vi c php khc ca URL l gopher:// the sau l a ch Internet ca mt th mc Gopher hoc c php khc l ftp:// v theo sau l a ch ca mt ti nguyn FTP trn mng.Uniform Warehouse Receipts Act:Lut bin nhn kho bi thng nhtLut ra cc qui nh trong vic qun l kho bi cng. Cc qui nh ny xc nh trch nhim php l ca ngi qun l kho bi v xc nh loi bin nhn c pht hnh.Unit Cost:Chi ph n vL chi ph tnh trn mt n v sn phm ring l. Tng chi ph cho vic sn xut mt sn phm hay dch v no c chia cho tng s cc n v sn phm. L chi ph tnh trn mt n v o lng ring l i vi mt ngun ti nguyn, mt hot ng, sn phm hay dch v no . Chi ph ny c tnh bng cch ly tng chi ph chia cho khi lng o lng c. Vic tnh ton chi ph n v cn phi c thc hin cn thn v n khng phi lun thc t hay ph hp trong mi lnh vc qun l chi ph.Unit of Driver Measure:n v o lng chnhCh s dng chung cho cc nhm hot ng tng t nhau. V d: mt hot ng no c thi gian quy trnh l 20 gi. Thi gian ny tng ng vi mt s lng cng vic khc nhau ty vo khong thi gian quy trnh. n v o lng ny l n v o chun v thi gian theo pht hay gi.Unit Load Device (ULD):Thit b cht xp hng hng khngCh cc thit b cht xp hng hng khng nh container hay pallet.Unit of Measure (UOM):n v o lngn v dng qun l s lng ca mt mt hng no , v d nh cn, tng mn, thng 12, gi 20, hay kin 144. Mt mt hng c th c nhiu UOM. V d mt sn phm c th c mua theo kin, ng gi theo thng m bn theo n v ring l.Unit-of-Measure Conversion:T l chuyn i n v o lngT l chuyn i c s dng khi c p dng nhiu n v o lng s lng trn cng mt mt hng. V d, nu bn mua mt mt hng theo thng (ngha l n hng th hin s lng mua theo thng) v hng ha c lu tr theo tng ci (chic), bn c th yu cu h thng tnh ton bao nhiu ci c ng trong thng. Theo cch ny, khi bn nhn hng theo thng, h thng c th t ng chuyn i s lng thng sang s lng ci (chic).Unit Train:Tu chy sutTu la chy lin tc khng ngng t im xut pht n im n.United Nations Standard Product and Service Code (UN/SPSC):M Sn phm v Dch v chun ca Lin hip qucM c hp tc pht trin bi LHQ v Dun & Bradstreet (D&B) bao gm mt cu trc m nm lp (phn khc, gia nh, loi, mt hng v chc nng kinh doanh) cho gn 9,000 sn phm.United States Railway Association:Hip hi ng st MC quan hoch nh v gy qu cho Conrail; c thnh lp theo o lut 3-R nm 1973.Unitize:Gp hngVic gp chung nhiu gi hng li thnh mt n v duy nht; nhiu gi hng c th c ct, gi hay gn li vi nhau.Unitization:Vic gp hngTrong qun l kho hng, thut ng ny ch vic gp chung nhiu n v sn phm thnh cc n v ln hn t tn cng x l hn.Unplanned Order:n hng ngoi k hochNhng n hng khng nm trong khi lng nh trc nh d bo ban u.UN/SPSC:Xem United Nations Standard Product and Service CodeUOM:Xem Unit of MeasureUPC:Xem Uniform Product CodeUpcharges:Ph phL khon ph cng thm vo ha n, c bit l ha n vn chuyn, b p cho cc chi ph pht sinh khng lng trc khi lp hp ng. Ph ph ny c th bao gm cc chi ph lin quan n gi nhin liu tng hay cc chi ph lin quan n qui nh ca chnh ph.Xem thm: Accessorial ChargesUpsell:Bn hng gi tr cao hnVic thuyt phc bn cho khch hng mt sn phm c gi tr cao hn.Upstream:Ngun cungThut ng cp n kha cnh cung cp trong chui cung ng. i tc tham gia ch yu ca ngun cung chnh l cc nh cung cp sn phm v dch v p ng nhu cu pht sinh t im c nhu cu hoc im s dng, cng nh cc dng chy khc nh l vn chuyn hng tr li, thanh ton mua hng,...Urban Mass Transportation Administration:Cc qun l vn ti s lng ln ni thMt c quan ca B giao thng vn ti M chu trch nhim pht trin cc h thng vn ti khi lng ln cho cc khu vc ni th v cung cp cc h tr ti chnh cho cc h thng vn ti.URL:Xem Uniform Resource LocatorUsage Rate:T l ngi dngS lng nhu cu i vi mt sn phm no trn mt n v thi gian (v d s n v trn thng).Thut Ng Chui Cung ng & Logistics "T"Tact Time:(Xem Takt Time)Tactical Planning:Hoch nh sch lcQuy trnh pht trin tng hp cc k hoch sch lc (nh k hoch sn xut, k hoch bn hng, k hoch marketing). C hai phng php hoch nh sch lc nhm ni cc k hoch sch lc vi cc k hoch chin lc l hoch nh sn xut v hoch nh kinh doanh - hot ng.Xem thm: Sales and operational planning, strategic planning.Taguchi Method:Phng php TaguchiL khi nim ch cc phng php qun l cht lng hot ng c lp c tin hnh ngay giai on thit k sn phm v quy trnh nm trong chu trnh pht trin sn phm. Khi nim ny do Genichi Taguchi a ra, bao gm ba giai on trong thit k sn phm: thit k h thng, thit k tham s v thit k ng sai. Mc ch ca phng php ny l lm gim s sa st cht lng bng cch gim thiu s bin thin thuc tnh sn phm trong giai on thit k tham s khi pht trin sn phm.Takt Time:Nhp sn xutYu t ny quyt nh tc sn xut sao cho ph hp vi t l nhu cu khch hng v c xem nh trng tm ca bt k h thng sn xut tinh gin. Ch tiu ny c tnh ton bng cch ly thi gian sn xut p ng chia cho t l nhu cu khch hng. V d, gi s nhu cu khch hng l 10.000 n v sn phm trong mt thng tng ng 500 n v sn phm trong mt ngy v nng sut p ng theo hoch nh l 420 pht trong mt ngy. Nhp sn xut = 420 pht trn ngy / 500 n v sn phm trn ngy = 0,84 pht cho mt n v sn phm. Ch tiu ny cho bit trung bnh khong 0,84 pht th mt n v sn phm d kin xut xng.Tally Sheet:Bn kim kL bn cc cng ty dng ghi li s lng cc mn hng nhn c hay chuyn i. Trong nhiu cng ty, cc bn kim k c dng nh mt phn ca cc chng t xc nhn tn kho.Tandem:L loi u xe c hai trc hay toa mooc c hai trc.Tank Cars:Xe bnL loi toa xe c thit k cha cc hng ha dng lng hay kh.Tapering Rate:T l khong cch gim dnL t l khong cch vn chuyn hng ha gia tng vi mc gim dn.Tare Weight:Trng lng tr bL trng lng ca l hng sau khi tr i trng lng container rng trn tng trng lng ca container khi c hng.Target Costing:Tnh chi ph mc tiuChi ph mc tiu c tnh bng cch ly gi bn d kin hoc gi th trng tr i t l li nhun mong mun t c chi ph v marketing, chi ph thit k, chi ph sn xut d nh. y c th khng phi l chi ph sn xut ban u nhng c th l chi ph k vng trong giai on sn xut hon thin. Xc nh chi ph mc tiu l phng php s dng trong phn tch thit k sn phm c lng chi ph mc tiu nhm mc ch sau l thit k sn phm hay dch v da vo chi ph ny.Xem thm: Value AnalysisTariff:Thu xut nhp khuL thu c chnh ph nh ln hng ha nhp khu vo hay xut i khi mt quc gia. Thut ng tariff cng c dng trong vn chuyn ch cc khon ph v cc qui nh mt hng vn ti p dng cho cc dch v ca mnh.Tasks:Nhim vCc phn ca cng vic trong cng mt hot ng c chia thnh cc phn vic nh hn.Task Interleaving:Kt hp nhim vL phng php kt hp cc hot ng gom hng v chuyn hng ti kho. Cc H thng qun l kho hng (WMS) s dng nguyn l hng dn ngi iu khin xe nng (thng thng qua s dng thit b pht sng radio) t mt pallet trn ng di chuyn cho mt ln nng k tip. tng ny nhm gim tnh trng thit b khai thc di chuyn trong kho trong tnh trng khng hng ha.Ts & Cs:(Xem Terms and Conditions)TCO:(Xem Total Cost of Ownership)Technical Components:B phn k thutL cc b phn (chi tit) ca mt sn phm ch c mt s lng hn ch cc nh cung ng. Cc b phn ny rt kh sn xut, v i hi mt nhiu thi gian v chuyn mn hn so vi b phn tiu chun thng thng.Ten Principles:Mi nguyn tcy l nhng nguyn tc trong vic phn tch, hoch nh, qun l cc hot ng v h thng x l nguyn liu. Nhng nguyn tc ny l nn tng c bn t xy dng kh nng qun l nguyn liu. Nhng nguyn tc ny l im khi u trong vic pht hin ra nhng vn v nh gi nhu cu. Mi nguyn tc l:1. Hoch nh2. Chun ha3. Thc hin4. Nghin cu v ngi lao ng5. Xc nh hng ha n v6. Tn dng khng gian7. H thng8. T ng9. Mi trng10. Chi ph vng i sn phmTenderH s thuL ti liu m t mt giao dch kinh doanh cn c thc hin.Terminal Delivery AllowanceChit khu giao hng ti cngL gi cc c tnh gim i vi ch hng gi hng hay nhn hng ngay ti cng ca hng vn ti.Terms and conditions (Ts & Cs)iu khon v iu kinL tt c cc iu khon v tha thun trong mt hp ng.TEUXem Twenty-foot Equivalent UnitTheoretical Cycle TimeThi gian chu k l thuytL khon thi gian lin tc mt n v sn xut cn hon tt tt c cc cng on ca mt quy trnh m khng phi ch i, tm dng hay mt thi gian do b li.Theory of Constraints (TOC)L thuyt v s hn chL l thuyt v qun l sn xut trong cho rng sn lng b kim sot bi mt lot cc hn ch lin quan n cng sut trung tm sn xut, kh nng c sn ca linh kin, ti chnh Tng sn lng khng th vt qu cng sut ca hn ch nh nht, v bt k lng tn kho d phng hay vt qu cng sut ti cc trung tm sn xut khng lin quan u l lng ph.Third-Party Logistics (3PL)Logistics bn th baL vic thu mt cng ty chuyn trch ton b hay phn ln cc hot ng logistics ca mt cng ty. Thut ng 3PL ln u c s dng vo u nhng nm 1970 ch cc cng ty tip th a phng thc (ICMs) trong cc hp ng vn ti. Trc , cc hp ng vn ti ch bao gm hai bn, ch hng v hng vn ti. Khi ICMs gia nhp lnh vc ny vi vai tr l cc trung gian nhn hng t ch hng v giao li cho cc hng vn ti h tr thnh bn th ba trong hp ng , tc l 3PL. Nhng tri qua nhiu nm, khi nim ny m rng ra khi ngy nay mi cng ty c cung cp mt s loi hnh dch v logistics cho thu u t gi mnh l mt 3PL.Third Party Logistics ProviderNh cung cp dch v Logistics bn th baL mt cng ty cung cp cc dch v logistics cho khch hng. Thng thng cc dch v ny c nh cung cp tch hp hay gi li vi nhau. Cc cng ty ny chu trch nhim vn chuyn cc ph kin v nguyn liu t nh cung ng n cho nh sn xut, v vn chuyn thnh phm t nh sn xut n cho nh phn phi v cc hng bn l. Cc dch v h cung cp bao gm vn chuyn, kho bi, ng hng ti cng, qun l tn kho, ng gi v chuyn hng.Third-Party WarehousingThu ngoi dch v kho cho bn th baL vic thu ngoi cc chc nng v kho bi ca bn bn hng cho bn th ba.Three-layer FrameworkCu trc ba lpL cu trc c bn v hot ng sn xut ca mt cng ty; ba lp ny bao gm h thng sn xut, qun l hnh chnh v kim sot cht lng, v lp k hoch tng th.ThroughputSn lngL s lng sn phm trong qua mt chu trnh chng hn nh sn lng hng ha lu kho (trng lng, s lng hng). y cng c tnh bng cch ly tng s lng n v hng ha nhn c cng vi tng lng n v hng ha chuyn i em chia cho hai.Time Based Order SystemXem Fixed Reorder Cycle Inventory ModelTime BucketBng tng hp theo thi gianMt s lng cc d liu c tng kt li trong mt biu dng ct. Bng tng hp hng tun bao gm tt c cc d liu lin quan trong ton b tun . Bng tng hp hng tun c xem l bng tng hp ln nht c th (t ra l trong thi gian ngn v trung bnh) cho php vic hoch nh yu cu nhin liu t hiu qu nht.Time FenceHng ro thi gianL cch thc hay hng dn c a ra nhm xc nh ni thc hin nhng hn ch hay thay i trong quy trnh hot ng. V d nh nhng thay i i vi k hoch sn xut tng th c th c hon thnh mt cch d dng sau thi gian thc hin n hng tch ly, trong khi nhng thay i trong thi gian s rt kh thc hin. Hng ro thi gian c th c s dng xc nh nhng thi im ny.Time-Definite ServicesDch v m bo thi gianL dch v giao hng c m bo trong mt ngy nht nh hay vo mt thi im nht nh trong ngy.Time/Service RateGi cc da trn thi gian v dch vL gi cc vn ti ng st c tnh trn thi gian trung chuyn.Time-to-Product:Thi gian nhn c sn phmL tng thi gian cn cho vic nhn, hon tt v giao hng i vi mt n hng ca khch hng i vi mt sn phm hin c. Thi gian ny c tnh t lc khch hng t n hng n khi khch hng nhn c sn phm .Time UtilityGi tr thi gianL gi tr c to ra trong mt sn phm bng cch a sn phm n ng thi im mong mun. Vic vn chuyn v lu kho gp phn to ra gi tr thi gian.TimetablesThi gian biuL thi gian d kin khi hnh v n ti im xut pht v im n, thng c s dng cho cc hnh khch di chuyn bng my bay, xe bus v xe la.TLXem Truckload CarrierTMSXem Transportation Management SystemTOCXem Theory of ConstraintsTOFCXem Trailer-on-Flat Car, PiggybackTon-Mile:n v Tn DmL n v o lng sn lng hng ha vn chuyn; n v ny phn nh trng lng chuyn hng v khong cch hng c vn chuyn; l tch ca s tn v qung ng vn chuyn.Total Annual Material Receipts:Tng thu nguyn liu hng nmTotal Annual Sales:Tng doanh thu hng nmTng doanh thu hng nm l tng doanh thu bn sn phm cng vi doanh thu t sau bn hng (v d nh bo dng v sa cha thit b, lp t h thng), bn quyn, doanh thu bn cc dch v khc, doanh thu t ph tng thay th v doanh thu t vic cho thu.Total Average Inventory:Tng lng tn kho trung bnhL trung bnh lng tn kho s dng thng thng, cng vi trung bnh ca tng lng tn kho, cng vi lng tn kho an ton.Total Cost Analysis:Phn tch tng chi phL phng php ra quyt nh trong xem xt vic gim n mc ti thiu tng chi ph v tm ra mi quan h tng tc gia cc khc bit trong h thng nh vn chuyn, kho bi, lu kho, v dch v khch hng.Total Cost Curveng tng chi ph1) Trong phn tch chi ph-s lng-li nhun (im ha vn), ng tng chi ph c tnh bng cch nhn tng chi ph c nh v bin thin trn mi n v sn phm vi tng s lng n v sn phm. S lng sn phm ti im ha vn l giao im ca ng tng chi ph vi ng tng doanh thu bn hng.Xem: Break-even chart , Break-even point.2) Trong l thuyt lu kho, ng tng chi ph cho vic lu kho mt mn hng l tng chi ph cho vic nhn v chuyn mn hng ny.Xem thm: Economic Order QuantityTotal Cost of Ownership (TCO):Tng chi ph s huL tng chi ph ca mt my tnh trong sut vng i ca n, t khi c mua cho n khi tiu hy. TCO c tnh bng cch kt hp cc chi ph cng v mm ca vic s hu cc ti sn cng ngh thng tin c ni mng vi nhau. Chi ph cng bao gm cc khon nh gi mua thit b, chi ph lp t, nng cp, hp ng bo tr, hp ng h tr v chi ph tiu hy, cc khon ph bn quyn c th hoc khng th c tr trc hay tnh theo tng nm. Nhng chi ph ny c xem l chi ph cng v chng hu hnh v c th d dng l gii c.Total Cumulative Manufacture Cycle Time:Tng thi gian chu k sn xut tch lyThi gian trung bnh t khi bt u quy trnh x l cho n khi hon tt khu ng gi cui cng vn chuyn i cng nh cho php gii phng l hng. Thi gian ny khng bao gm thi gian lu tr trong qu trnh sn xut.Cch tnh:[S sn phm trung bnh trong qu trnh sn xut] / [Sn lng trung bnh hng ngy] - S ngy cung cp sn phm trong qu trnh sn xutTotal Inventory Days of Supply:Tng gi tr lu kho cung ngL tng gi tr ca hng ha lu kho tnh mc chi ph tiu chun trc khi c lng hng d tr. Gi tr ny ch bao gm s tn kho trong s sch v hin ang thuc s hu ca cng ty. Nhng hng ha b sung sau ny t nh cung ng khng c tnh vo.Cch tnh:[Tng tn kho trung bnh thng nin 5 im] / [Chi ph bn hng/365]Total Make Cycle Time:Tng thi gian chu k sn xutL tng thi gian x l trung bnh t khi bt u qui trnh sn xut cho n khi hon thnh tt c cc qui trnh sn xut nhng KHNG bao gm hot ng ng gi, dn nhn (ngha l t khi bt u sn xut cho n khi c c thnh phm chun b bt u ng gi). Thi gian ny khng bao gm thi gian kim tra, lu gi v gii phng l hng.Cch tnh:[S lng sn phm trong qu trnh sn xut] / [Sn lng trung bnh hng ngy]Total Package and Label Cycle Time:Tng thi gian chu trnh ng gi v dn nhnL tng thi gian x l trung bnh t khi bt u cc bc ng gi v dn nhn cho n khi hon tt cc bc sau cng trong khu ng gi chuyn hng i.Cch tnh:[S lng sn phm trong qu trnh ng gi v dn nhn] / [Sn lng trung bnh hng ngy]Total Product Revenue:Tng doanh thu sn phmL tng gi tr hng ha bn ra cho khch hng cng vi gi tr chuyn giao hng ni b cng ty, sau khi tr i cc khon gim gi, thng, chit khu Ch bao gm doanh thu ni b cng ty khi sn phm c vn chuyn ra khi mt n v, cc dch v lp t nu nhng dch v ny c bn km vi sn phm sau cng, v c bn cho khch hng trong cng mt khong thi gian v doanh thu ny c tnh theo gi bn trung bnh.Lu :Tng doanh thu ny khng bao gm doanh thu sau khi giao hng (v d nh bo tr, sa cha thit b, lp t h thng), tin bn quyn, dch v kinh doanh khc, doanh thu bn ph tng thay th, thu nhp t hot ng cho thu.Total Productive Maintenance (TPM):Duy tr nng sut ton dinQuy trnh duy tr nng sut da theo nhm lm vic, c thit k nhm tn dng ti a my mc hin c v cng sut my v ti u ha cht lng sn phm.Total quality management (TQM):Qun l cht lng ton dinL phng php qun l trong cc nh qun l lin tc lin lc vi cc bn gp vn ca cng ty nhn mnh tm quan trng ca vic lin tc ci thin cht lng.Total Sourcing Lead Time (95% of Raw Material Dollar Value):Tng thi gian tm kim ngun cung (95% gi tr nguyn liu th)L tng thi gian tch ly cn tm kim c 95% gi tr nguyn liu th (trn mt n v sn xut) t cc ngun cung ng ni b v bn ngoi (l tng thi gian trung bnh ca vic hoch nh bn trong nh my, thi gian vn chuyn ca nh cung cp [bn ngoi v ni b], thi gian nhn hng, thi gian x l, t khu xc nh nhu cu ca nh my cho n khi nguyn vt liu sn sng cho sn xut).Total Supply-Chain Management Cost (5 elements):Tng chi ph qun tr chui cung ng (5 thnh phn)L tng chi ph qun l vic x l n hng, chi ph mua nguyn vt liu, chi ph qun l tn kho, chi ph qun l ti chnh chui cung ng, chi ph hoch nh, chi ph IT c tnh theo t l phn trm ca doanh thu. Vic phn b chnh xc chi ph lin quan n IT l vn thch thc. N c th c tnh bng cch s dng m hnh Chi ph-da trn-tng cng vic, hoc da trn mt s cch truyn thng khc. Vic phn b chi ph da vo s ngi s dng, s giao dch hoc s nhn s phng ban l nhng phng php hp l. iu ny nhn mnh n vic ghi nhn tt c cc loi chi ph, cho d pht sinh trong ni b cng ty hay trong mt t chc i din cho cng ty. Nhng c lng hp l s c chp nhn nh c s nh gi ton b hot ng. Tt c cc c lng phn nh chi ph pht sinh thc th bao gm lng, khon phc li, chi ph thu mua a im v thit b, cc chi ph hnh chnh v chi ph chung.Cch tnh:[Chi ph qun l n hng + Chi ph s dng nguyn vt liu + Chi ph tn kho + Chi ph qun l ti chnh chui cung ng v Chi ph hoch nh + Tng chi ph lin quan n IT ca chui cung ng] / [Tng doanh thu bn hng]Total Supply Chain Response Time:Tng thi gian phn hi ca chui cung ngL thi gian cn cn i li ton b chui cung ng sau khi xc nh mt s thay i trong nhu cu ca th trng. Thi gian ny cng c s dng nh gi kh nng thay i nhanh chng ca chui cung ng p ng vi nhng s thay i ca th trng.Cch tnh:[Thi gian chu k d bo] + [Thi gian chu k ti hoch nh] + [Thi gian chu k ti hoch nh trong sn xut] + [Thi gian sn xut/ tm kim ngun cung nguyn liu tch ly] + [Thi gian hon thnh n hng]Total Test and Release Cycle Time:Tng thi gian kim tra v gii phng sn phmL lng thi gian trung bnh thc hin tt c cc hot ng kim tra, xem xt ti liu, kim tra vn hnh t khu bt u sn xut cho n khu gii phng l hng ng gi cui cng dnh chun b cho xut xng.Cch tnh:[Trung bnh n v sn xut kim tra v gii phng] / [Sn lng trung bnh hng ngy ti cc n v sn xut]Toto Authority:Giy php TotoL hng vn ti c cp php hot ng vi t cch l mt hng vn ti cng cng vn chuyn hng ha thng qua cc hng vn ti t nhn; loi giy php ny c cp cho cng ty Toto vo nm 1978.Touch Labor:Lao ng trc tipL lao ng trc tip cng gi tr vo sn phm ngi lp rp, th hnKhi nim ny khng bao gm cc ngun lc gin tip nh ngi x l nguyn liu (ngi di chuyn v sp xp sn phm, th c kh v th in chu trch nhim bo tr thit b.)Touches:n v cng vicL s ln mt thao tc cng vic c thc hin trong sut mt quy trnh sn xut hay lp rp. n v cng vic thng c dng tnh ton hiu sut lm vic hay tnh chi ph v gi c.TPM:Xem Total Productive MaintenanceTQM:Xem Total Quality ManagementTracing:nh v l hngL vic xc nh v tr ca l hng trong sut qu trnh vn chuyn.Traceability:Kh nng nh v l hng1) L thuc tnh cho php xc nh v tr ca mt l hng ang c vn chuyn.2) L vic ng k v theo di cc thit b, quy trnh v nguyn liu dng trong vic sn xut theo s l hng hay s s ri.Tracking and Tracing:Theo di v nh v l hngL vic gim st v ghi nhn qu trnh vn chuyn ca mt l hng t im xut pht n im n.Tracking Signal:Tn hiu lu L t l gia tng cc gi tr sai lch cng dn d bo v gi tr thc t trn gi tr sai lch tuyt i. Ch s ny thng c s dng khi c s nghi ng v gi tr ca m hnh d bo.Tractor:u koL phn u xe ni dnh cho ti x ngi v c ng c v c hai hoc ba trc.Trading Partner:i tc thng miL cc cng ty hp tc kinh doanh vi nhau thng qua EDI (v d nh gi v nhn chng t kinh doanh, n hng).Trading Partner Agreement:Tha thun i tc kinh doanhL hp ng bng vn bn trong th hin nhng tha thun v cc iu khon gia cc i tc kinh doanh qua EDI.Traffic:B phn vn tiB phn chu trch nhim sp xp, phn loi cch thc v phng php vn chuyn nguyn liu v sn phm ra vo cng ty mt cch kinh t nht.Traffic Management:Qun l vn tiVic qun l v kim sot cc phng thc vn ti, cc hng vn ti v dch v vn ti.Trailer:Mooc xe koPhn ca xe ti ni cha hng ha.Trailer Drops:D hng khi xeL khi ti x a xe y hng n kho c d hng v ly xe trng i.Trailer on a Flatcar (TOFC):Mooc xe container t trn toa xe phngHnh thc vn chuyn container c bit kt hp gia vn ti ng st v ng b.ng ngha: PiggybackTramp:Hng vn ti tu chuynL hng vn ti ng thy khng c l trnh hay lch trnh c nh; mt tu vn ti chuyn c cho thu theo chuyn c th hay vo mt thi im nht nh.Transaction:Giao dchL mt hot ng chuyn giao c hon thnh, v d chuyn giao d liu ha n qua mng EDI. Thut ng ny c s dng tng t trong x l thng tin, theo mt giao dch c th l mt truy vn thng tin, cp nht thng tin hoc l nhng giao dch thng mi. Thut ng ny quan trng i vi nhng nh khai thc dch v EDI khi phi chuyn ti ha n v cc loi chng t khc.Transaction Set:Tp hp giao dchThng c s dng trong cc giao dch kinh doanh (v d nh t n mua hng, ra ha n,) c sp xp theo mt cch thc hp l bao gm cc phn kim sot tp hp giao dch, cc phn d liu, phn d liu kim sot du vt tp hp giao dch).Transaction Set ID:S hiu tp hp giao dchL s gm ba ch s xc nh mt tp hp giao dch.Transactional Acknowledgement:Xc nhn giao dchCc tp hp giao dch c th, nh tp hp xc nhn ca giao dch t n hng (855) chnh l vic xc nhn vic nhn n hng v cung cp thng tin v tnh trng c bit nh ln li k hoch, thay i gi bn, tnh trng n hng gip lng,Transfer Pricing:nh gi khi chuyn giaoL vic nh gi hng ha hay dch v c chuyn giao t khu vc kinh doanh ny sang mt khu vc kinh doanh khc. Vic nh gi khi chuyn giao thng bao gm cc chi ph pht sinh khi chuyn giao v do chi ph ca cc mn hng tt nhin s cao hn so vi khi nhn hng thng qua cc knh thng thng.Transit Inventory:Tn kho trong qu trnh vn chuynTn kho trong qu trnh vn chuyn gia khu vc sn xut v khu vc d tr hoc gia cc kho vi nhau trong m hnh kho phn phi.Xem thm: In-transit InventoryTransit Privilege:c quyn trong vn chuynMt c quyn do nh vn chuyn cho php ch hng c quyn ngng ngay vic vn chuyn mt l hng thc hin cng vic thay i nhng thuc tnh vt l ca hng ha nhng ch hng phi tr cc ph vn chuyn ca ton b hnh trnh.Transit Time:Thi gian vn chuynTng thi gian t khi thu gom hng cho n khi giao hng.Translation Software:Phn mm chuyn ngPhn mm chuyn i hay dch cc d liu ng dng kinh doang dang nh dng EDI v ngc li.Transmission Acknowledgment:Xc nhn truyn d liuS xc nhn v mt hot ng truyn d liu thnh cng khng pht sinh li.Transparency:Tnh minh bchKh nng c quyn truy cp thng tin ca cc h thng c cu trc khc nhau. V d khch hng trc tuyn c th tip cn website ca ngi bn t hng v nhn c thng tin lin quan n sn phm t nh sn xut thu ngoi hoc thng tin v vn chuyn t nh cung cp dch v logistics th ba.Xem thm: VisibilityTransportation Association of America:Hip hi vn ti MMt t chc i din cho ton b h thng Vn ti M, bao gm cc hng vn ti, ngi dng v cng chng; nay gii th.Transportation Management System (TMS):H thng qun l vn tiL mt h thng my tnh c thit k nhm ti u ha vic qun l vn chuyn thng qua cc phng thc khc nhau bao gm cc hot ng nh qun l n v vn chuyn, xy dng v hoch nh nhn lc, lch trnh vn chuyn hng ha xut nhp, qun l chng t (c bit khi c s tham gia ca vn ti quc t), qun l nh cung cp dch v logistics th ba.Transportation Mode:Phng thc vn tiCc phng thc vn ti nh ng b, ng bin hay ng hng khng.Transportation Planning:Hoch nh vn tiQui trnh xc nh mt k hoch vn chuyn trong chui cung ng tch hp v duy tr cung cp thng tin theo yu cu vn chuyn ca ton b chui cung ng cng nh qun l cc nh chuyn ch.Transportation Planning Systems:H thng hoch nh vn tiH thng c s dng trong vic ti u ha nhim v vn chuyn t nh my n cc trung tm phn phi v t trung tm phn phi n ca hng. H thng ny s kt hp cc cc chuyn vn chuyn m bo nhng phng tin kinh t nht c s dng.Transportation Requirements Planning (TRP):Hoch nh yu cu vn tiVic s dng cng ngh tin hc v cc thng tin c sn trn c s d liu MRP v DRP hoch nh cc yu cu vn chuyn da theo nhu cu thc t.Transportation Research Board:Ban nghin cu vn tiMt b phn ca Vin Hn lm Khoa hc Quc gia chuyn thc hin cc nghin cu v vn ti.Transportation Security Administration (TSA):Cc qun l An ninh Vn tiTSA c lp ra sau v tn cng khng b ngy 11/9/2001 v i vo hot ng vo thng 11/2001. TSA khi ngun t B Vn Ti M nhng sau chuyn qua thuc quyn qun l ca B An Ninh Ni a M vo thng 3/2003. S mnh ca TSA nhm bo v h thng vn ti quc gia thng qua vic m bo s t do trong vn chuyn hnh khch v hng ha thng mi.Transportation Method:Phng php vn chuynPhng php lp chng trnh tuyn tnh xc nh vic phn b chi ph ti thiu trong vn chuyn hng ha t nh my n kho v t kho n khch hng.Transportation Research Forum:Din n nghin cu vn tiDin n do cc chuyn gia lp nn tho lun v trao i nhng tng vn ti cng nh cc phng php nghin cu vn ti.Transshipment Problem:Vn chuyn tuS khc bit gia cc phng thc vn chuyn trong chng trnh tuyn tnh trong hng ha c chuyn n mt im n v sau li c ti vn chuyn t chnh im n .Travel Agent:i l du lchCng ty cung cp thng tin du lch; bn v my bay, tu la v tu thy; t phng khch sn. i l du lch c cc hng vn ti v khch sn tr tin hoa hng.Trend:Xu hngS chuyn ng ln xung theo thi gian ca mt bin s v d nh nhu cu i vi mt sn phm no . Xu hng c s dng trong vic d bo nhm gip nhn bit nhng thay i trong tiu dng qua thi gian.Trend Forecasting Models:Phng thc d bo xu hngCc phng php d bo d liu bn hng khi phn tch d liu cho thy mt mu hnh ln hoc xung khng do thi v hay do ngu nhin.TRP:Xem Transportation Requirements PlanningTruckload Carriers (TL):Cc hng vn ti ng bHng vn ti hng ha ng b trc tip t im xut pht n im n.Truckload Lot:L hng vn chuyn c u iL hng c hng gi vn chuyn ng b thp hn bnh thng do p ng c yu cu ti thiu v trng lng v/hoc s khi.Trunk Lines:ng ng dn duCc ng ng dn du c s dng dn du th, du lc hay cc sn phm ha lng khc qua qung ng di.TSA:Xem Transportation Security AdministrationTurnover:Doanh thu1) L gi tr tn kho c bn.2) Anh v cc quc gia khc, Doanh thu bn hng hng nm.Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit (TEU):n v tng ng container hai mi feety l n v chun cho loi container 20 feet. Mt container 20 feet theo chun ISO tng ng 1 TEU. Mt container 40 feet theo chun ISO tng ng 2 TEU.Two-Level Master Schedule:K hoch tng th hai lpMt phng php lp k hoch tng th trong danh sch nguyn liu d kin c dng lp k hoch tng th i vi mt sn phm hay mt dng sn phm sau cng, cng vi cc c tnh quan trng c chn la.Xem thm: Production ForecastTwo-Bin System:H thng lu kho hai thngH thng lu kho p ng n hng trong thi gian thc hin mt n hng i vi mt mn hng no c xc nh khi thng u tin rng. Thng th hai cha ngun hng cung ng cn thit cho n khi nhn c mt n hng no .Thut Ng Chui Cung ng & Logistics "S"S&OP:(Xem Sales and Operations Planning)SAE: (Society of Automotive Engineers)Hip hi cc k s t.Safety Stock:Hng tr an tonLng hng lu kho ca mt cng ty nm trn mc nhu cu bnh thng nh mt lng hng tr m phng khi vic nhn hng b chm tr hay c s thay i v nhu cu khch hng.Salable Goods:Hng c th bn cMt thit b hay b phn lp rp c bn cho cc khch hng sau cng thng qua chc nng marketing.Sales and Operations Planning (SOP):Lp k hoch bn hng v hot ngMt qui trnh lp k hoch chin lc kt hp hi ha cc mc tiu kinh doanh i nghch nhau v hoch nh nhng hnh ng chui cung ng trong tng lai. Vic lp k hoch S&OP thng thng bao gm nhiu hot ng kinh doanh khc nhau nh bn hng, hot ng v cng vic ti chnh sao cho chng thng nht vi nhau trong mt k hoch/d tnh qua c th c s dng iu hnh ton b doanh nghip.Sales Mix:Doanh s hn hpT l lng tiu th ca tng loi sn phm ring bit hp thnh tng khi lng doanh s.Sales Plan:K hoch bn hngMt bo co theo tng giai on thi gian v s lng n hng d kin t c (lng hng bn ra ch khng phi lng hng xut i) cho tng chng loi gia nh sn phm chnh hay tng loi sn phm chnh. Bo co ny th hin nhng cam kt v qun l bn hng v tip th trong vic xc tin nhng bc hp l nhm t c lng n hng thc cn thit. K hoch bn hng l mt ngun d liu quan trng i vi qui trnh lp k hoch sn xut (hay qui trnh lp k hoch bn hng v hot ng). Bn k hoch bn hng c din t theo tng n v ng nht cho nhng ai s dng n vo k hoch sn xut (cng nh trong bn hng).Xem thm: Aggregate planning, Production Planning, Sales and Operations PlanningSales Planning:Lp k hoch bn hngQui trnh xc nh ton b k hoch bn hng nhm h tr tt nht nhu cu khch hng v nng lc hot ng ng thi p ng c cc mc tiu kinh doanh chung nh li nhun, nng sut, thi gian giao hng cnh tranh, v tt c nhng th khc nh cp trong k hoch kinh doanh tng th.Xem thm: Production Planning, Sales and Operations PlanningSalvage Material:Nguyn liu thu hi cNguyn liu khng c s dng nhng vn cn gi tr v c th bn c.SaS:(Xem Software as Services)Saw-Tooth Diagram:Biu hnh rng caMt biu biu din h thng lu kho im t hng/s lng n hng theo dng s lng-thi gian th hin lng hng lu kho ang c s dng, c s dng ht v t hng li.SBT:(Xem Scan-Based Trading)SCAC/SCAC Code:(Xem Standard Carrier Alpha Code)Scan:Mt thut ng my tnh miu t hnh ng qut m vch hat cc tm th RF.Scan-Based Trading (SBT):Giao dch da trn scany l mt phng thc s dng d liu im bn hng t cc my scan v quy thu ngn lp ha n gia mt nh sn xut v hng bn l (tr tin khi s dng) cng nh lp cc n hng cung cp li.SCE:(Xem Supply Chain Execution)SCEM:(Xem Supply Chain Event Management)Scenario Planning:Lp k hoch phng hMt hnh thc lp k hoch trong cc tnh hung c th xy ra c xc nh trc v c s dng nh gi nh hng ca cc hnh ng thay th.SCI:(Xem Supply Chain Integration)SCM:(Xem Supply Chain Management)SCOR:(Xem Supply Chain Operations Reference Model)Scorecard:Bng imMt cng c nh gi nng lc c s dng ghi li tm tt cc ch s nng lc chnh (KPIs) ca mt cng ty. Bng im cn phi d c v thng c nhng ch s , vng, xanh nh du khi no cng ty khng t c ch tiu ca mnh. Mt cch l tng, bng im cn phi c chc nng cho bao gm cc phng php tnh ton ti chnh v phi ti chnh. Thm vo , bng im phi c xem xt thng xuyn, t nht l mi thng v l mi tun i vi cc chc nng chnh nh sn xut v phn phi, trong cc hot ng ng vai tr quyt nh n thnh cng ca cng ty. Trit l bng im cn phi c p dng i vi cc i tc chui cung ng bn ngoi cng ty nh cc nh cung ng nhm m bo ng mc tiu v hot ng ca cc nh cung ng.ng ngha: DashboardScrap Material:Ph liuNguyn liu khng c s dng v cng khng c gi tr.Seasonality:Tnh thi vMt hnh thc nhu cu lp i lp li t nm ny sang nm khc (hay theo mt chu k thi gian khc) trong c mt s giai on cao hn ng k so vi cc giai on khc. Tnh thi v gii thch cho s bin ng v nhu cu i vi cc sn phm gii tr c s dng trong nhng ma khc nhau.Xem thm: Base SeriesSecure Electronic Transaction (SET):Giao dch in t an tonTrong thng mi in t, y l mt h thng nhm m bo an ninh cho cc giao dch ti chnh c thc hin qua internet.Self Billing:T lp ha nMt chin lc trong ngnh cng nghip vn ti, trong hng vn ti chp nhn thanh ton da trn cc chng t do ch hng cung cp.Self Correcting:T sa chaMt thut ng my tnh dng ch mt qui trnh trc tuyn xc nhn d liu v ch chp nhn cho d liu nhp vo h thng mt khi tt c cc li u c sa.Selling, General and Administrative (SG&A) Expenses:Chi ph bn hng, qun tr v chi ph chungChi ph ny bao gm chi ph tip th, lin lc, dch v khch hng, lng bn hng v hoa hng, chi ph thu mn, chi ph gin tip khng xc nh Chi ph ny khng bao gm tin li ca cc khon n, thu thu nhp trong v ngoi nc, hao mn v khu hao, cc khon pht sinh, li nhun hay thua l t c phn, li nhun hay thua l do vic ngng hot ng v cc khon khc.Separable Cost:Chi ph tch ri cChi ph c th c tnh trc tip cho mt lnh vc hot ng kinh doanh c th no .Serial Number:S seriMt con s c nht c dng xc nh mt sn phm no v s khng c lp li cho cc sn phm tng t. S seri thng c p dng bi nh sn xut nhng cng c th c p dng ti cc im khc, bao gm nh phn phi hay hng bn s. S seri c th c s dng h tr cho cc chng trnh theo di v bo hnh.Serpentine Picking:Gom hng zigzagMt phng php thu gom n hng trong nh kho trong ngi gom hng c hng dn gom t cc gi hng c hai bn li i trong khi di chuyn t u ny n u kia. Mt phng php khc l gom hng t mt bn (t trc ra sau), sau gom t pha cn li (t sau ra trc). Khi c a vo s dng, phng php gom hng zigzag ny c th gim mt na thi gian v ci thin lu lng hng dch chuyn qua cc li i.Service Level:Mc dch vMt phng php tnh ton (thng c biu din di dng phn trm) mc tha mn nhu cu thng qua lng hng tn kho hay bng lch trnh sn xut hin thi theo ng thi hn nhm tha mn nhu cu ca khch hng v ngy giao hng v s lng hng.Service Oriented Architecture (SOA):Cu trc hng dch vMt thut ng v h thng my tnh m t mt khi nim v cu trc phn mm qua nh ngha vic s dng cc dch v h tr cho cc yu cu kinh doanh. Trong SOA, cc bn tham gia trong cng mt h thng c th s dng cc ngun lc nh l cc dch v c th c tip cn thng qua mt phng thc chun. Hu ht cc nh ngha ca SOA ch r vic ng dng cc dch v web (s dng SOAP v WSDL) trong cc ng dng ca n, tuy nhin c th p dng SOA bng cch s dng bt k cng ngh da trn dch v no.Service Parts Revenue:Li nhun t dch v ph tngTng gi tr doanh s bn ra cho khch hng v vic nh gi gi tr chuyn i doanh s trong cng ty i vi cc ph tng sa cha v thay th, sau khi tr i cc khon gim gi, phiu thng, chit khu.SET:(Xem Secure Electronic Transaction)Setup Costs:Chi ph khi u sn xutNhng chi ph pht sinh trong vic thit lp dy chuyn sn xut sn xut mt mt hng khc.SG&A:(Xem Selling General & Administrative Expense)Shareholder Value:Gi tr c phnVic kt hp gia kh nng sinh li (thu nhp v chi ph) v lng vn u t (vn lu ng v vn c nh).Shelf Life:Thi gian c trng byKhon thi gian mt mt hng c lu kho trc khi n tr nn khng cn s dng c na. Thi gian c trng by c p dng i vi thc phm v thuc men nhng mt hng b h hng theo thi gian, v i vi cc sn phm cng ngh cao vn rt mau li thi.Shewhart Cycle:(Xem Plan-Do-Check-Action)Shingos Seven Wastes:By iu lng ph ca ShingoShiego Shingo, mt nh tin phong trong trit l just-in-time ca Nht ch ra by iu lm cn tr vic ci thin sn xut. l 1) lng ph do sn xut tha, 2) lng ph do ch i, 3) lng ph do vn chuyn, 4) lng ph hng tn kho, 5) lng ph do dch chuyn, 6) lng ph do nhng khuyt im, v 7) lng ph trong ch bin.Ship Agent:i l tu binNhng ngi i din cho mt cng ty hng hi hay mt nh iu hnh cc tu hng chu trch nhim tin hnh vic nhn hng, thng quan, xp d, thanh ton ph khi hng cp mt cng no .Ship Broker:Mi gii tu binMt cng ty ng vai tr nh trung gian gia ch tu v bn gi hng hay bn nhn hng ng ra thu tu.Shipper:Ch hngBn ngh vn chuyn hng ha.Shipper-Carriers:Hng vn ti kim ch hngCc hng vn ti kim ch hng (hay cn gi l hng vn ti t nhn) l cc cng ty c hng c vn chuyn s hu hay iu hnh cc i tu ca mnh. Nhiu hng bn l ln, c bit cc hng bn tp phm hay cc ca hng thng ln, l cc hng vn ti kim ch hng.Shippers Agent:i l ca ch hngMt cng ty ng vai tr kt hp cc chuyn hng nh, c bit l cc l hng n l gp thnh l hng ln hn.Shippers Association:Hip hi ch hngMt t chc phi li nhun kt hp v phn phi hng ha do cc cng ty thnh vin s hu hay vn chuyn; t chc ny ng vai tr gn ging nh mt cng ty chuyn tip hng ha hot ng v li nhun.Shipping:Gi hngMt chc nng thc hin cc nhim v i vi cc hng ha gi i bao gm ph tng, thit b v sn phm. Vic ny bao gm ng gi, nh du, cn v xp hng ha.Shipping Lane:L trnh vn chuynL trnh ng bin c sp xp v nh trc theo cc tu thuyn thng mi s di chuyn t cng ny n cng kia. L trnh ny gip cho tu thuyn trnh c nhng vng nguy him. Trong vn ti ni chung, y l l trnh hp l gia im nhn hng v im giao hng c s dng phn tch lng hng gia hai im.Shipping Manifest:Bng k khai hng haChng t trong lit k chi tit cc loi hng ha vn chuyn. Mt bn k khai thng thng bao gm ton b hng h c vn chuyn bt k l s hng c vn chuyn n mt hay nhiu im n khc nhau. Bng k khai thng lit k cc mn hng, s lng tng loi, tng trng lng, v tn v a ch ni hng c giao n.Shop Calendar:(Xem Manufacturing Calendar)Shop Floor Production Control Systems:H thng kim sot sn xut t ca hngCc h thng u tin cho n hng t ca hng, cc h thng ny duy tr thng tin v s lng hng ang sn xut, cung cp d liu u ra chnh xc phc v cho mc ch kim sot cng sut v cung cp s lng theo tng a im v tng ca hng nhm phc v mc ch lu kho v k ton.Short-Haul Discrimination:Phn bit gi i vi tuyn vn chuyn ngnVic p t gi cc vn chuyn ca tuyn ng ngn cao hn so vi gi cc ca tuyn ng vn chuyn di trn cng mt l trnh, cng mt hng v cng phng tin vn chuyn.Short Shipment:Hng ha thiu ht trong vn chuynS lng hng trong mt l hng b thiu ht so vi s lng c ghi nhn trong b chng t vn ti.Shrinkage:Hao htVic gim v s lng thc ca hng ha trong kho, ang c x l hay ang vn chuyn. Vic mt mt ny c th l do trm cp, h hng, bc hi v.vSIC:(Xem Standard Industrial Classification)Sigma:Mt k t Hy Lp thng c s dng ch s chnh lch dn s. Sigma l mt thut ng thng k dng tnh ton mc sai lch ca mt quy trnh so vi mc chun, cn c trn s sai st trn mi mt triu n v.Mt Sigma = 690,000 trn mt triu n vHai Sigma = 308,000 trn mt triu n vBa Sigma = 66,800 trn mt triu n vBn Sigma = 6,210 trn mt triu n vNm Sigma = 230 trn mt triu n vSu Sigma = 3.4 trn mt triu n vSilo:Cn c gi l Foxhole hay Stovepipe, lin quan n cch thc qun l/t chc trong mi n v chc nng hot ng c lp, v c rt t hay khng c s lin h no gia cc n v i vi cc vn v quy trnh kinh doanh chnh.Simulation:M phngPhng php ton hc kim tra hot ng ca mt h thng thng qua nhng la chn cu hnh h thng v/hoc thng tin u vo khc nhau. M hnh m phng v qui trnh hoch nh kinh doanh thng c cng ty s dng nh gi hiu qu ca k hoch kinh doanh trong nhng bi cnh khc nhau theo nhu cu sn phm.Single-Period Inventory Models:M hnh tn kho giai on nM hnh tn kho c s dng xc nh s lng l hng nhm t ti a ha li nhun hoc t hiu qu kinh t i vi mt mt hng ch c t hng hay sn xut mt ln nh bo ch, lch, s tay hng dn, thip chc mng hay tp ch xut bn nh k, l nhng mt hng c nhu cu khng n nh.Single Sourcing:S dng mt ngun cung ngL khi mt cng ty ch ng la chn mt nh cung ng no cung cp mt sn phm hay dch v ngay khi vn c cc nh cung ng khc.Single Source Leasing:Thu trn giHnh thc thu c xe ln ti x t mt nh cung ng.Six-Sigma Quality:Cht lng Six-SigmaL thut ng thng cp n mt qui trnh c kim sot tt, ngha l gii hn li cho php l 6 sigma so vi ng trung tm trong s kim sot (tng ng vi sai st l 3,4 li trn mt triu kh nng gy li). Mc tiu ca Six Sigma l tm ra nhng qui trnh v kim sot nhng qui trnh ny t c mc sai st thp nht c th c. V vy h phng php ny c p dng cho trong nhiu qui trnh khc nhau khng ch gii hn trong lnh vc sn xut. Thut ng ny thng gn lin vi hng Motorola, cng ty t tn cho mt trong nhng pht kin quan trng trong hot ng ca mnh l Six-Sigma Quality.Skills Matrix:Ma trn k nngMt phng php hu hnh trong vic biu th cc cp k nng ca con ngi trong nhng nhim v khc nhau. Ma trn ny c s dng trong mi trng lm vic nhm nhm xc nh cc k nng nhm yu cu v xc nh xem thnh vin no trong nhm c nhng k nng .SKU:(Xem Stock Keeping Unit)Sleeper Team:T li xe thay phinS dng hai ti x li mt xe ti c trang b ging ng; trong khi mt ngi li xe th ngi kia ng nhm m bo thi gian ngh theo yu cu.Slip Seat Operation:Hot ng thay ti xMt thut ng dng din t hot ng ca mt trm thay ca ca mt hng vn ti ng b ti mt ti x c thay th bi mt ti x khc sau khi li xe ht thi gian ti a.Slip Sheet:Tm trtGing nh pallet, tm trt lm bng ba carton hay plastic, dng di chuyn cc l hng.Slotting:Chia khu lu tr hngPhng php xc nh v tr tn kho gip a ra qui trnh b tr v tr ti u trong mt trung tm phn phi. Do mi mt kho hng khc nhau nn vic xc nh v tr s ph thuc vo tng loi sn phm lu kho, cch vn chuyn v cc thuc tnh lin quan n vic lu tr hng ha trong kho. Cch sp xp ti u s gip nhn vin kho d dng hn v chnh xc trong vic tm kim v ly ra mt mt hng c th cng nh gim ri ro v an ton lao ng.Small Group Improvement Activity:Hot ng ci thin theo nhm nhMt k thut t chc trong cho nhn vin tham gia vo cc hot ng ci thin lin tc.Xem thm: Quality CircleSMART:(Xem Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-Based)Smart and Secure Trade Lanes (SST):L trnh thng mi thng minh v an tonL sng kin ring ca Hi ng Chin lc v K thut An ninh, mt t chc kt hp ca cc nh iu hnh cng, cc nh cung cp cng ngh logistics ln, cc hng t vn vn ti v cc cu quan chc v tng lnh. L trnh ny c vch ra nhm mc ch tng cng an ninh, an ton v hiu qu cho cc container hng vn chuyn xuyn sut chui cung ng ton cu vo cc cng M.Smart Label:Nhn thng minhL nhn c tch hp th RFID trong .SOA:(Xem Service Oriented Architecture)Society of Logistics Engineers:Hi cc nh iu hnh logisticsL mt t chc chuyn nghip v s pht trin ca vic qun l v cng ngh logistics.Software as Services (SaS):Phn mm lm dch vMt thut ng din t vic s dng cc h thng my tnh c cung cp bi mt bn th ba, tng t nh ci trc y gi l Service Bureau hay Application Service Provider (ASP). Trong trng hp ny, nh cung cp dch v qun l tt c phn cng v phn mm my tnh ti ni ca h, trong khi ngi s dng truy cp cc h thng ny thng qua mt kt ni internet v b tnh ph da trn thi gian truy cp. i khi cn c bit gi l dch v theo yu cu (on demand).SOP:(Xem Sales and Operations Planning)SOW:(Xem Statement of Work)Sole Sourcing:Ngun cung duy nhtCh c duy nht mt nh cung ng i vi mt sn phm hay dch v no , v khng c bt k nh cung ng thay th no.Sortation:Phn loiVic phn loi cc mn hng (gi, hp, thng carton, cc b phn ri) theo ni n d kin ti nh my hay ti trm trung chuyn.Spam:Thut ng tin hc miu t hnh ng gi th in t vi ni dung ging nhau v khng h lin quan n nhiu ngi khc nhau trong danh sch gi i. Thng thng vic gi th ny khng lin quan g n nhm ngi nhn th cng nh khng cn quan tm n ngi nhn trong danh sch gi.SPC:(Xem Statistical Process Control)Special-Commodities Carrier:Hng vn ti hng ha c bitL hng vn ti c php vn chuyn mt loi hng ha c bit; c 16 loi hng ha c bit, nh hng ha dng trong gia nh, cc sn phm du kh, v cc vt liu nguy him.Special-Commodity Warehouses:Kho cha hng ha c bitL nh kho dng cha cc sn phm i hi nhng loi c s vt cht c th nh ht (my nng), cht lng (bn cha) v thuc l si (nh kho).Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time-Based (SMART):Mt cch miu t ngn gn cch thc xc lp mc tiu cho cc c nhn v nhm.Split Case Order Picking:Thu gom n hng lQui trnh thc hin nhng n hng c s lng nh hn mt thng hng y, do cc mn hng phi c thu gom t mt thng hng hay mt n v cha tng t.Split Delivery:Giao hng chia nhL phng php trong n hng c t vi s lng ln c gi thp, nhng khi giao hng s c chia thnh cc n hng nh v giao trong nhng thi im khc nhau nhm kim sot hng tn v tit kim khng gian lu trSpot:B trVic di chuyn mt toa xe hay xe mooc vo v tr cht hng hoc d hng.Spot Demand:Nhu cu ngn hnL nhu cu din ra trong thi gian ngn, kh d on. Thng th gi bn khi c nhu cu ngn hn s cao hn. Mt v d v nhu cu ngn hn l nhu cu cao i vi vt liu xy dng sau mt cn bo no .Spur Track:ng ray nhnhMt nhnh ng ray ni nh my hay kho hng ca mt cng ty vi ng ray chnh, chi ph v vic bo dng ng ray nhnh do ngi s dng chi tr.SST:(Xem Smart and Secure Trade Lanes)Stable Demand:Nhu cu bnh nL nhu cu khng thay i nhiu ti nhng thi im xc nh trong nm.Staff Functions:Chc nng tham muNhng hot ng h tr trong vic lp k hoch v phn tch nhm h tr cho cc nh qun l trong nhng hot ng thng ngy. Cc chc nng tham mu trong logistics bao gm phntch a im, thit lp h thng, phn tch v lp k hoch chi ph.Staging:Giai on chun b1) L giai on m bo tt c nhng nguyn vt liu cn thit sn sng a vo s dng, v d chun b nguyn vt liu ngay t khi tn kho trc khi nhu cu pht sinh. Hn ch ca giai on ny l to ra thm tn kho trong qu trnh sn xut v gim i tnh linh ng.2) Thay th cc toa xe mooc.Xem thm: Accumulation BinStakeholders:Ngi c quyn li lin quanL nhng ngi c quyn li c bo m trong mt cng ty hay mt d n no , bao gm cc nh qun l, ngi lm cng, c ng, khch hng, nh cung ng v nhng ngi khc.Stand Up Fork Lift:Xe nng ngi iu khin ngL xe nng m ngi iu khin phi ng ch khng ngi. Loi xe ny thng c dng trong nhng trng hp gom hng v ngi iu khin phi thng xuyn leo ln leo xung cn nng.Standard Carrier Alpha Code (SCAC/SCAC Code):M Alpha cho hng vn ti t chunM s duy nht c 2 n 4 k t c gn cho cc cng ty vn ti nhm mc ch phn bit. Cc m SCAC yu cu phi c Chuyn giao d liu in t (EDI) v c in ln trn vn n v cc chng t vn chuyn khc.Standard Components:Cc b phn tiu chunCc b phn (ph tng) ca mt sn phm, c th c cung cp bi nhiu nh cung ng khc nhau. Cc b phn ny khng kh sn xut. V d nh dy ngun my tnh.Standard Cost Accounting System:H thng k ton chi ph chunL h thng k ton chi ph xc nh cc n v chi ph trc khi sn xut nhm d bo chi ph ca mt n hng hoc mt sn phm. Nhng tiu chun chi ph s dng so snh vi chi ph thc t v tnh ton nhng sai bit v chi ph phc v cho mc ch kim sot trong qun tr.Standard Industrial Classification (SIC):Phn loi cng nghip chunL cc m phn loi c s dng phn loi cc cng ty vo cc nhm ngnh cng nghip.Standing Order:(Xem Blanket Purchase Order)Start Manufacture to Order Complete Manufacture:Thi gian t lc bt u n khi hon tt sn xutL khon thi gian trung bnh tnh t lc bt u sn xut cho n khi sn phm sn sng c vn chuyn i, trong bao gm c cc yu t sau: nh gi n hng, lp k hoch sn xut, thi gian sn xut hoc phn phi sn phm theo n hng, thi gian xy dng v sn xut. (L mt yu t trong tng thi gian hon thnh n hng.)Lu : c cc nh c lp vi cc sn phm Thc hin theo n hng, nh hnh/ng gi theo n hng v Thit k theo n hng. Khng p dng i vi cc sn phm sn xut d tr.Statement of Work (SOW):Bn m t cng vic1) L ph lc i km hp ng miu t sn phm.2) Trong qun tr d n y l ti liu hoch nh d n u tin cn chun b. N m t mc ch, lch s, cam kt, tnh kh thi v cc ch s thnh cng c th o lng c lin quan n d n. Ph lc ny cng nhm h tr khch hng v a ra nhng k hoch khn cp trong trng hp d n b nh hng. Ph lc ny phi mang tnh thuyt phc n cc i tng nh cp qun l, nhn vin, hi ng thm nh.Statistical Process Control (SPC):Kim sot qui trnh thng kL phng php trc quan nhm o c v xc lp s khc bit trong qui trnh v sn phm. Kt qu thu c c s dng iu chnh s khc bit v duy tr cht lng sn phm.Steamship Conferences:Hip hi tu thuynCc c quan chu trch nhim thit lp gi chung cho cc hng vn ti ng thy.Stickering:Dn nhnVic dn cc nhn cho tng khch hng ln cc thng sn phm. V d Wal-Mart yu cu cc m sn phm ca ring mnh phi c dn ln cc thng hng l trc khi vn chuyn.Stochastic Models:Phng thc bin ngL nhng phng thc trong s bt n nh c xem xt k cng trong qu trnh phn tch.Stock Keeping Unit (SKU):n v d tr hngy l n v phn loi hng ha tn kho bng vic kt hp tnh duy nht v hnh dng, s thch hp, chc nng. C th: nu khch hng khng th phn bit c hai mt hng hoc nu bt k cc thuc tnh hu hnh no ca hai mt hng ny u khng quan trng i vi khch hng v lm cho khch hng tin rng hai mt hng ny l ging nhau th hai mt hng ny coi nh cng mt n v hng tn kho (SKU). V d, Khch hng c th t thit lp cu hnh my tnh t nhng ph kin chun trong catalogue ca cng ty t ba bn phm, ba mn hnh, ba CPU. Khch hng cng c th mua ring l bn phm, mn hnh, CPU. Nu cc ph kin tn kho ny dng ch bn l cho khch hng th c ngha l cng ty c 9 SKU. Nu cng ty lu gi nhng ph kin tn kho ny s dng cho vic lp rp my b hoc bn l th cng ty s c 36 SKU (bao gm 9 SKU l + 3*3*3 SKU dng cho lp rp my b). Nu nhng sn phm ny dng cho c vic khuyn mi th cng ty cng c nhng ng gi c bit cho nhng sn phm ny, tng cng cng ty c n 72 SKU.Stock Out:Ht hngL thut ng dng m t tnh trng khng cn hng p ng yu cu ca mt khch hng hay mt n t hng no trong hot ng thu gom hng. Ht hng cng c th gy thit hi, bao gm vic mt i li nhun v khng c hng bn, mt i lng tin ca khch hng v tn chi ph tm sn phm thay th.Xem thm Out of Stock (OOS)Stockless Purchasing:Mua hng khng cn d trPhng php mua hng trong ngi mua m phn gi mua i vi cc mt hng dng trong vic khai thc, sa cha, bo hnh (MRO) theo yu cu thng nin v ngi bn tr hng trong kho cho n khi ngi mua a ra n hng i vi tng loi hng ring l.Stockout Cost:Chi ph pht sinh do ht hngL chi ph c hi pht sinh do khng c hng p ng nhu cu khch hng.Stovepipe:(Xem Silo)Straight Truck:Xe ti linL loi xe ti c cabin li xe v thng xe dnh lin mt khi. Cc xe ti lin khng c phn u xe v toa mooc ri nhau. Cabin dnh cho li xe, ng c v thng xe l mt khi duy nht.Strategic Alliance:ng minh chin lcL mi quan h kinh doanh trong hai hay nhiu cng ty c lp phi hp vi nhau v sn sng thay i mc tiu v hot ng kinh doanh nhm t c nhng mc tiu v lu di.Xem thm: Marquee PartnersStrategic Planning:Hoch nh chin lcL vic ln k hoch thit k mt (hay nhiu) h thng logistics trong khon thi gian t mt ti nm nm nhm p ng nhng yu cu khc nhau trong vic kinh doanh ca mt cng ty.Strategic Sourcing:Xc nh ngun cung chin lcL qui trnh xc nh nhu cu di hn v ngun cung cp cho nhu cu ny bao gm vic la chn nh cung cp, thng lng hp ng v qun l hot ng ca nh cung cp. Cng vic ny tp trung vo vic pht trin mi quan h hiu qu nht vi nhng nh cung cp ph hp m bo mua ng gi v chi ph sn phm s c gim thiu. Qui trnh ny cng nh gi vic thu ngoi chuyn bit c em li gi tr tt hn khng.Strategic Variables:Bin s chin lcL cc bin s c th gy ra s thay i trong mi trng kinh doanh v chin lc logistics. Cc bin s chin lc chnh bao gm kinh t, dn s, nng lng v chnh ph.Strategy:Chin lcL mt ng thi c th nhm t c mt mc tiu no .Stretch Wrap:Giy gi co ginLoi mng plastic trong sut dng gi quanh mt sn phm bo v sn phm . Loi giy gi ny c th co gin c.Stores:Lu tr hng haL chc nng trong bao gm vic lu kho v phn b nhng hng ha thng xuyn dc s dng. Thut ng ny cng thng c s dng thay cho thut ng warehouse.Sub-Optimization:Ti u ha cc bNhng quyt nh hay hot ng ca mt b phn nhng li c nh hng n ton b chi ph ca mt cng ty. Mt v d ca ti u ha cc b l vic cc n v sn xut lp k hoch sn xut nhm lm gim c cu chi ph bt chp nhng yu cu ca khch hng hay tc ng ca vic lm ny ln cc n v kinh doanh khc.Subcontracting:Thu phL vic giao cho mt nh sn xut khc thc hin cng vic sn xut. Hnh thc ny thng c p dng trong cc hot ng sn xut chuyn mn nh cn thp hay cc hot ng chc nng hon chnh no .Xem thm: OutsourceSubstitutability:Kh nng thay th sn phmKh nng bn mua hng c th thay th cc sn phm ca cc bn bn khc nhau.Sunk Cost:Chi ph chm1) L nhng khon chi khng c tnh n trong u t. y l chi ph c thanh ton v khng c lin quan n mt quyt nh c thc hin. Ngun vn u t vo vic ny v mt vi l do no l khng th thu hi c.2) Mt chi ph trong qu kh khng lin quan g n doanh thu trong v chi tiu trong tng lai ca mt cng ty da trn mt nghin cu kinh t. Khi nim ny cho rng chi ph ny khng nh hng n vic la chn cc phng n thay th v chi ph pht sinh ny khng thay i bt chp phng n thay th no c la chn.Supermarket Approach:Phng php tip cn kiu siu thL phng php la chn sn phm v qun l tn kho c s dng trong nhng doanh nghip p dng phng php tinh gin. Khi nim ny do Taiichi Ohno ca hng Toyota a ra sau chuyn ving thm M nm 1956. ng tht s n tng vi cch lm th no khch hng c th chn sn phm mnh cn t k hng trong siu th v siu th b sung mt hng c mua mt cch n gin. iu ny to nn tng cho h thng ko (pull system).Supplier:Nh cung ng1) L nh cung cp cc hng ha hay dch v. (Xem thm: Vendor)2) L ngi bn hng thc hin giao dch kinh doanh trc tip vi ngi mua, tri ngc vi khi nim vendor c dng ch chung cho tt c nhng ngi bn trn th trng.Supplier Certification:Chng nhn nh cung ngL qui trnh chng nhn nh cung ng hot ng, duy tr, ci tin v thc hin cc qui trnh lp chng t ng theo yu cu khch hng. Nhng yu cu ny c th bao gm chi ph, cht lng, giao hng, tnh linh hot, bo dng, an ton v chng ch ISO v qun l cht lng v mi trng.Supplier-Owned Inventory:Tn kho do nh cung ng qun lL mt bin th ca phng php qun l tn kho qun l bi nh sn xut (VMI) v phng php tn kho k gi. Trong phng php ny, nh cung cp khng ch qun l hng tn kho m cn s hu hng tn kho gn hoc ngay ti a im ca khch hng cung cp khi khch hng s dng n lng hng tn kho.Supplemental Carrier:Hng vn ti thay thL hng vn ti hng khng cho thu cn c trn cc qui nh v kinh t; hng vn ti ny khng c lch bay hay l trnh c nh; dch v cung cp theo dng hp ng cho thu hay hp ng theo tng chuyn bay.Supply Chain:Chui cung ng1) Bt u vi nhng nguyn liu th cha qua x l v kt thc bng vic ngi tiu dng sau cng s dng nhng hng ha thnh phm, chui cung ng lin kt nhiu cng ty li vi nhau.2) L vic trao i nguyn liu v thng tin trong mt qui trnh c logic t khu thu mua nguyn liu th cho n khu chuyn giao sn phm hon thin n tay ngi tiu dng sau cng. Tt c ngi bn, nh cung cp dch v v khch hng u c lin kt vi nhau trong chui cung ng.Supply Chain CouncilHip hi chui cung ng:L t chc phi li nhun c lp ra nhm mc ch ci thin tnh hiu qu chui cung ng ca cc thnh vin. Thnh vin ca hip hi ch yu bao gm nhng cng ty hot ng trong lnh vc chui cung ng nhiu ngnh cng nghip khc nhau nh nh sn xut, nh cung cp dch v, nh phn phi, nh bn l. y l t chc chu trch nhim v nhng tiu chun ca m hnh tham chiu hot ng chui cung ng (SCOR).Supply Chain Design:Thit k chui cung ngL vic xc nh lm th no xy dng nn mt chui cung ng. Nhng quyt nh thit k bao gm vic la chn i tc, a im, nng lc ca cc c s nh kho bi, sn xut, sn phm, phng thc vn ti, h thng thng tin h tr.Supply Chain Execution (SCE):Thc thi chui cung ngL kh nng di chuyn hng ha ra khi ca nh kho. y l kh nng quan trng v l iu ch nhng cng ty c tr s thc s a vo bn m phn Doanh nghip n Doanh nghip (B2B). Cc cng ty kinh doanh thng mi in t (dot-com) c cng ngh cao, nhng ch l mt yu t trong kinh doanh. S cn thit cho vic thc thi chui cung ng l yu t no s thc y nhng cng ty dot-com ny tr thnh i tc ca nhng nh phn phi bn s.Supply Chain Event Management (SCEM):Qun l s kin chui cung ngy l mt ng dng h tr nhng qui trnh kim sot nhm qun l cc s kin xy ra bn trong v gia cc cng ty vi nhau. ng dng ny bao gm chc nng phn mm tch hp h tr nm qui trnh kinh doanh: gim st, thng bo, m phng, kim sot, nh gi nhng hot ng ca chui cung ng.Supply Chain Integration (SCI):Tch hp chui cung ngy dng nh s tr thnh mt li th cnh tranh quan trng trn cc th trng thng mi in t chn. Khi nim ny tng ng vi khi nim kh nng tch hp u cui nhng nhn mnh hn v ni dung vn chuyn hng ha v dch v.Supply Chain Inventory Visibility:Kh nng kim sot tn kho trong chui cung ngCc ng dng phn mm cho php kim sot cc s kin xuyn sut mt chui cung ng. Cc h thng ny theo di v pht hin tn kho trn phm vi ton cu cp sn phm v thng bo cho ngi s dng nhng thay i ng k so vi k hoch. Cc cng ty c cung cp nhng c lng thc t khi nguyn liu c chuyn n.Supply Chain Management (SCM)Qun tr chui cung ngTheo nh ngha ca Hip hi cc nh qun tr chui cung ng (CSCMP):Qun tr chui cung ng bao gm hoch nh v qun l tt c cc hot ng lin quan n tm ngun cung, mua hng, sn xut v tt c cc hot ng qun tr logistics. iu quan trng l, qun tr chui cung ng bao gm s phi hp v cng tc ca cc i tc trn cng mt knh trong bao gm nh cung cp, bn trung gian, cc nh cung cp dch v bn th ba, v khch hng. V c bn, qun tr chui cung ng s tch hp vn qun tr cung cu bn trong v gia cc cng ty vi nhau. Qun tr chui cung ng l mt chc nng tch hp vi vai tr u tin hng u l kt ni cc chc nng kinh doanh v cc qui trnh kinh doanh chnh yu bn trong cng ty v ca cc cng ty vi nhau thnh mt m hnh kinh doanh hiu qu cao v kt dnh. Qun tr chui cung ng bao gm tt c nhng hot ng qun tr logistics nu cng nh nhng hot ng sn xut v n thc y s phi hp v qui trnh v hot ng ca cc b phn marketing, kinh doanh, thit k sn phm, ti chnh, v cng ngh thng tin.Supply Chain Network Design Systems:H thng thit k mng li chui cung ngNhng h thng c thit lp nhm ti u ha mi lin h gia cc thnh t khc nhau bn trong chui cung ng ti nh my sn xut, trung tm phn phi, im bn hng, cng nh trong khu cung cp nguyn liu th, mi quan h gia cc dng sn phm v cc yu t khc nhm ng b ha chui cung ng trn cp chin lc.Supply Chain Operations Reference Model (SCOR):M hnh tham chiu hot ng chui cung ngy l m hnh c xy dng bi Hip hi Chui cung ng (SCC) v c xy dng quanh su quy trnh chnh: lp k hoch, tm ngun cung ng, sn xut, phn phi, thu hi v thc thi. Mc ch ca SCOR l nhm cung cp mt phng php chun ha trong vic nh gi nng lc chui cung ng v s dng b ch tiu o lng chung so sanh vi nhng t chc khc.Supply Chain-Related Finance and Planning Cost Element:Yu t chi ph hoch nh v ti chnh lin quan n chui cung ngy l mt trong nhng yu t cu thnh nn tng chi ph qun tr chui cung ng ca mt cng ty. Nhng chi ph ny bao gm:1. Chi ph ti chnh chui cung ng: nhng chi ph trong vic thanh ton cc ha n, chi ph kim tra o m thc t, thc hin k ton tn kho, nhn cc khon phi thu. Chi ph ny KHNG bao gm chi ph k ton/ra ha n khch hng (Xem Order Management Costs - Chi ph qun l n hng).2. Chi ph hoch nh cung/cu: bao gm cc chi ph v d bo, pht trin thnh phm, snphm trung gian, lp rp theo cm, hoch nh tn kho, kt hp cung/cu.Supply Chain-Related IT Costs:Chi ph cng ngh thng tin lin quan n chui cung ngL chi ph cng ngh thng tin (IT) trong nhng quy trnh chnh ca qun tr chui cung ng c m t di y. Nhng chi ph ny thng bao gm nhng chi ph nh: Chi ph pht trin (chi ph pht sinh trong vic thit k li, hoch nh, pht trin phn mm, ci t, ng dng, hun luyn lin quan n vic to mi hay nng cp cu trc, c s h tng, h thng h tr cho nhng qui trnh qun tr chui cung ng), Chi ph thc thi (l nhng chi ph khai thc h tr ngi s dng qui trnh chui cung ng bao gm nhng hot ng trn mng v my tnh, EDI, nhng dch v thng tin lin lc, khu hao phn cng), Chi ph bo tr (chi ph pht sinh trong vic gii quyt vn , khc phc s c, sa cha, bo tr thng xuyn i vi nhng phn mm, phn cng c ci t phc v cho qui trnh qun tr chui cung ng. Nhng chi ph ny bao gm nhng chi ph v qun tr c s d liu, kim sot cu hnh h thng, hoch nh v qun tr. Nhng chi ph ny lin quan n nhng qui trnh sau:HOCH NH1. Qun l d liu sn phm - Giai on u vo, u ra, gii phng sn phm; gii thiu, h tr, m rng, kim tra v nh gi; qun tr tn kho cui vng i sn phm. Kim sot v xc nh tng th mt hng.2. D bo, qun l cung/cu, d bo thnh phm; hoch nh tn kho tng mt hng, DRP, k hoch tng th sn xut ca tt c cc sn phm, tt c cc knh.NGUN CUNG1. Kim sot ngun cung/nguyn liu - Yu cu v nguyn liu, thu mua, thit k cht lng nh cung cp, qun l hng ha nhp, nhn hng, kim nh, thit k b phn, kim sot cng c, cc khon phi tr.2. Qun l nh cung cp v ph kin - Tham chiu cho s ph kin, catalog ca nh cung cp, danh sch nh sn xut c ph duyt.3. Qun tr tn kho - Cng c v kim sot tn kho thc t v lin tc.SN XUT1. Hoch nh sn xut - MRP, k hoch sn xut, theo di, thit k sn xut, qun l h s sn xut, theo di tn kho v sn phm li thi.2. Qun tr tn kho - Cng c v kim sot tn kho thc t v lin tc.3. Thc thi sn xut - MES, k hoch tng giai on v chi tit, kim sot qui trnh, k hoch sn xut bng my.PHN PHI1. Qun l n hng - Theo di nhp liu n hng, bo gi, c s d liu khch hng, c s d liu sn phm/gi c, khon phi thu, tn dng, xut ha n.2. Qun l vn chuyn v phn phi - vn chuyn DRP, qun l gi cc, qun l sn lng vn chuyn.3. Qun tr tn kho - Cng c v kim sot tn kho thc t v lin tc.4. Qun l kho bi - Thnh phm, nhn v lu kho hng ha, ng gi/chn hng.5. Qun l knh phn phi - Khuyn mi, gi c, chit khu, iu tra hi lng ca khch hng.6. H tr dch v khch hng - Dch v h tr khch hng, dch v h tr k thut, qun l dch v khch hng, theo di bo hnh, thu hi sn phm.GIAO DIN IN T BN NGOIHoch nh/Mua hng/Sn xut/Phn phi - Giao din, trung tm x l, lu tr d liu c to ra v duy tr trong vic trao i thng tin v chui cung ng vi th gii bn ngoi. Cc sng kin thng mi in t. Bao gm c chi ph thc hin v pht trin.Lu : Vn qun l chi ph IT chnh xc l cng vic y th thch. Cng vic ny c th c thc hin thng qua cc phng php chi ph da vo hot ng hoc nhng cc phng php tip cn khc nh phn b chi ph da vo ngi s dng, s lng giao dch, nhn lc cc phng ban. Vn lu y l phi bao gm tt c cc chi ph pht sinh. Chi ph thu ngoi cc hot ng IT cng phi tnh n.Supply Chain Network Design Systems:H thng thit k mng li chui cung ngNhng h thng c thit lp nhm ti u ha mi lin h gia cc thnh t khc nhau bn trong chui cung ng ti nh my sn xut, trung tm phn phi, im bn hng, cng nh trong khu cung cp nguyn liu th, mi quan h gia cc dng sn phm v cc yu t khc nhm ng b ha chui cung ng trn cp chin lc.Supply Chain Operations Reference Model (SCOR):M hnh tham chiu hot ng chui cung ngy l m hnh c xy dng bi Hip hi Chui cung ng (SCC) v c xy dng quanh su quy trnh chnh: lp k hoch, tm ngun cung ng, sn xut, phn phi, thu hi v thc thi. Mc ch ca SCOR l nhm cung cp mt phng php chun ha trong vic nh gi nng lc chui cung ng v s dng b ch tiu o lng chung so snh vi nhng t chc khc.Supply Chain Resiliency:Kh nng hi phc ca chui cung ngL thut ng miu t mc phc hi ca chui cung ng i vi cc thm ha.Supply Planning Systems:H thng hoch nh cung ng(Xem Supply Planning)Supply Planning:Hoch nh chui cung ngQui trnh xc nh, u tin v tng hp ton b cc thnh t cu thnh tng th, tt c cc ngun cung ng theo yu cu v thm gi tr vo trong chui cung ng ca mt sn phm hay dch v no cp thch hp theo chiu dc v ngang.Supply Chain Vulnerability:Kh nng tn thng ca chui cung ngC tm quan trng ngang bng vi cc yu t khc trong Chui cung ng nh Kh nng thay i, Tc v Khi lng. Thut ng ny nh gi chui cung ng da trn mc tng thch i vi nm bc gii quyt thm ha logistics l lp k hoch, pht hin, gim thiu, phn hi v hi phc.Supply Chain Strategy Planning:Hoch nh chin lc chui cung ngQui trnh phn tch, nh gi, xc nh cc chin lc chui cung ng, bao gm thit k mng li, chin lc sn xut v phn phi, v chnh sch lu tr hng ha.Xem thm: Indirect CostSustaining Activity:Hnh ng h trL hnh ng nhm mang li li ch cho mt n v t chc ni chung nhng khng c mt khon chi ph c th no.Surcharge:Ph phL khong ph thu thm ngoi cc loi ph p dng; cc hng vn ti ng b c ph ph nhin liu, v ngnh ng st c th p dng ph ph i vi bt k mc gi chung no min sao khng vt qu 110% bin ph.Support Costs:Chi ph h trL cc chi ph cho nhng hot ng khng lin h trc tip n sn xut hay phn phi sn phm hoc dch v. V d nh cc chi ph cho h thng thng tin, thit k qui trnh v thu mua.Supply Warehouse:Kho hng cung ngL kho hng dng cha nguyn liu th. Hng ha t cc nh cung ng khc nhau c thu gom, phn loi, lu tr hay sp xp ti nh kho phc v cho vic sn xut cc n hng.Supportability:Kh nng h trL cht lng vn c ca h thng, bao gm thit k, h tr k thut v cc qui trnh bo dng, nhm p ng cho vic pht hin, c lp, v sa cha/thay th kp thi cc bt thng trong h thng. Kh nng ny bao gm cc yu t nh chn on, tin lng, thu thp d liu bo dng thi gian thc, cc lnh vc thit k h tr, v h tr thit k, gim thiu v chng mi mn, gim thiu du vt logistics v cc yu t khc gp phn to iu kin tt nht cho mi trng v duy tr mt h thng hot ng bn vng.Sustainability:Kh nng bn vngKh nng bn vng ca mt cng ty l nhng n lc cng ty thc hin vic kinh doanh ca mnh c tin hnh theo cch c trch nhim vi mi trng v vi x hi. Kh nng h tr bao gm cc yu t nh pht trin bn vng, trch nhim vi x hi (CSR), s quan tm ca cc bn gp vn, v trch nhim gii trnh ca cng ty.Surge Capacity:Kh nng tng cng sutL kh nng p ng vi vic tng nhu cu trong khon thi gian ngn.SVHC:(Xem Substance of Very High Concern)SWAS (Store-Within-A-Store):Kho hng bn trong kho hngSwimlane:Mt hng trn mt loi biu qui trnh kinh doanh c gi l Biu Swimlane cho ta cch xc nh b phn hay c nhn no chu trch nhim i vi mt qui trnh hay hot ng c th no. B phn hoc c nhn chu trch nhim c nu tn pha bn tri ca biu cc qui trnh c sp xp t tri sang phi v cc cc gch ni gia cc hng biu th s chuyn giao gia cc b phn.Switch Engine:u my chuyn toaL u my xe la dng dch chuyn cc toa xe trong mt qung ng ngn ni b bn trong mt ga hay nh my.Switching company:Cng ty chuyn tip toa tuL hng ng st thc hin vic di chuyn cc toa tu trong mt qung ng ngn; cc cng ty chuyn tip toa tu lm nhim v kt ni gia hai hng vn ti ng st chnh bng vic cung cp phng tin vn chuyn hng ha.SWOT:(Xem SWOT Analysis)SWOT Analysis:Phn tch SWOTL cng c chin lc dng trong qun l dng phn tch cc im mnh, im yu, cc c hi v cc mi e da ca mt cng ty v i vi mt cng ty.Synchronization:ng b haL khi nim theo tt c cc chc nng chui cung ng c tch hp v tng tc trong thi gian thc; khi c s thay i ti mt khu vc no , tc ng ca s thay i s c t ng truyn i xuyn sut chui cung ng.Synchronous Process:Qui trnh ng bL mt chui cc hnh ng c lin kt li vi nhau, trong hnh ng trc phi c hon tt trc khi hnh ng sau n c bt u.Systems Concept:Khi nim h thngL chin lc ra quyt nh nhn mnh ln tnh hiu qu ca ton b h thng hn l tnh hiu qu ca mt phn ring l trong h thng.Thut Ng Chui Cung ng & Logistics "R"Rack:Gi Mt thit b lu tr dng trong vn chuyn nguyn liu trong cc pallet. Gi thng l ni cha cc pallet c xp theo mt thng ng vi mt hay nhiu pallet trn mt tng. Mt s gi c th cha c nhiu hn mt pallet. Mt s gi c nh, ngha l hng ha trn gi s c nh ti mt v tr cho ti khi c di i. Mt s gi c thit k vi mt k nghing cho php sn phm chy xung khi sn phm pha trc c ly i. Vic b sung sn phm trn gi dc ny c th c thc hin t pha sau hay pha trc theo cch y li.Radio Frequency (RF):Tn s v tuynMt hnh thc giao tip khng dy cho php ngi s dng tip nhn thng tin thng qua sng nng lng in t t mt u cui n mt trm c s v c kt ni ln lt vi mt my tnh ch. Cc u cui c th c t ti cc trm c nh, c gn trn mt chic xe nng, hay c mang trn tay cng nhn. Trm c s bao gm mt my pht v tuyn v mt my thu dng trong giao tip vi cc u cui. Cc h thng RF s dng cch truyn dn bng tn hp hoc truyn ph rng. Truyn d liu bng tn hp di chuyn qua mt tng s v tuyn n gii hn, trong khi truyn ph rng di chuyn qua nhiu tn s khc nhau. Khi c kt hp vi mt h thng m vch nhn din hng ha lu kho, mt h thng tn s v tuyn c th nhn thng tin ngay lp tc, nh cp nht cc bng ghi d liu theo thi gian thc.Radio Frequency Identification (RFID):Nhn dng bng tn s v tuynVic s dng cng ngh tn s v tuyn bao gm cc th RFID v cc u c th nhn bit cc vt th. Cc vt th c th bao gm bt k th g thuc v vt cht nh thit b, cc pallet hng hay thm ch l cc n v sn phm. Cc th RFID c th l loi c ngun hay khng ngun. Th c ngun cha mt ngun in v lin tc pht ra tn hiu. Th khng ngun nhn in nng t sng v tuyn do cc my scan hay u c truyn n.Nhng li ch ca RFID i lin vi cng ngh m vch l: 1) kh nng c th c c t khong cch xa, 2) khng nht thit phi c theo ng nhn thy, 3) thm kh nng cha thng tin, v 4) th RFID c th c cp nht/thay th.Random-Location Storage:Lu kho nh v ngu nhinK thut lu kho trong hng ha khi ti ni lu tr s c t ti bt k v tr no cn trng. Mc d phng thc ngu nhin ny yu cu s dng h s nh v xc nh v tr ca hng ha, nhng phng thc ny cn t khng gian lu tr hn so vi phng thc lu tr nh v c nh.Xem thm: Fixed-Location StorageRate-Based Scheduling:Lp k hoch da trn nn giMt phng php lp k hoch v sn xut da trn t gi nh k chng hn nh theo tng ngy, tng tun hay tng thng. Phng php ny thng thng c p dng trong cc ngnh cng nghip gia cng s lng ln. Khi nim ny gn y c p dng ti cc xng gia cng trong gi sn xut phi ph hp vi gi bn.Rationing:Ch phn phiVic phn b sn phm cho cc khch hng trong cc giai on khng hng cung cp. Khi gi c c s dng lm yu t quyt nh vic phn phi hng ha th hng ha s c phn phi cho khch hng no sn sng tr gi cao nht.Raw Materials (RM):Nguyn liu thNguyn liu hoc cha qua ch bin v c th c bin i bng cch sn xut, ch bin hay kt hp thnh mt sn phm mi v hu dng.Real-Time:Thi gian thcVic x l d liu trong mt ng dng kinh doanh ngay khi vic kinh doanh ang din ra tng phn vi vic lu d liu cho vic nhp liu sau ny (x l hng lot).Reasonable Rate:T gi hp lMt t gi va cao c th trang tri cho chi ph ca hng vn ti nhng khng c qu cao n mc hng vn ti nhn c li nhun c quyn.Recapture Clause:iu khon Thu hiMt iu khon trong Lut Vn Ti 1920 qui nh vic t h tr ti chnh cho cc hng vn ti ng st. Cc hng vn ti ng st no kim c nhiu hn nh mc s hon li mt na s tin vt nh mc cho mt qu t ICC s cho cc hng vn ti ng st t li nhun hn vay. iu khon Thu hi c thay th vo nm 1933.Receiving:Tip nhnMt chc nng bao gm vic nhn nguyn liu, kim tra vic vn chuyn hng mua vo theo ng n mua hng (s lng v h hi), vic xc nh v vn chuyn n im n, v vic chun b bo co nhn hng.Receiving Dock:Bn nhn hngMt a im thuc trung tm phn phi, ni din ra hot ng tip nhn nguyn liu thu mua c t hng vn ti.Reconsignment:Gi hng chuyn tipMt dch v vn ti cho php thay i im n v/hoc ngi nhn hng sau khi hng c a n im n ghi trong vn n ban u v cho php chi tr ton b chi ph t vn chuyn t ni xut x cho n im n sau cng.Refrigerated Carriers:Xe hng ng lnhCc xe ti ch hng c thit k nhm gi cho hng d hng c ng lnh. Ngnh cng nghip thc phm c bit s dng loi hnh vn ti ny.Reefer:Mt thut ng c s dng cho cc phng tin vn chuyn ng lnh.Reengineering:Ti cu trc1) Vic cn nhc li v c bn v vic ti cu trc cc qui trnh kinh doanh nhm t c nhng ci thin trong hiu qu kinh doanh.2) Mt thut ng c s dng miu t qui trnh thc hin nhng iu chnh hay thay i ng k i vi cc qui trnh kinh doanh.3) Cn c gi l Ti cu trc Qui trnh kinh doanh.Regional Carrier:Hng vn ti cp vngMt hng vn ti hng khng cho thu, thng thng l c chng nhn, c li nhun hot ng hng nm t hn 74 triu USD; hng vn ti ny thng hot ng trong mt khu vc nht nh ca mt nc.Regular-Route Carrier:Hng vn ti l trnh c nhMt hng vn ti c y quyn cung cp dch v trn nhng l trnh nh sn.Relay Terminal:Trm thay tiMt trm ca hng vn ti ng b c xy dng thc hin vic thay li xe i vi nhng li xe lm vic s gi ti a cho php.Release-to-Start Manufacturing:Thi gian xc tin sn xutKhon thi gian trung bnh t khi xc nh sn xut n hng cho n khi bt u qui trnh sn xut. Thi gian chu k ny c th rt cn thit cng c cc hot ng nh vn chuyn nguyn liu v thay i thit b.Released-Value Rates:Gi gim theo gi trMc gi da trn gi tr ca hng ha vn chuyn; trch nhim bi thng ti a ca hng vn ti i vi nhng h hi t hn so vi gi tr ton b hng ha, v i li hng vn ti s p dng mc gi thp hn.Reliability:Mc tin cyMt tiu ch la chn hng vn ti trong xem xt s khc bit v thi gian vn chuyn; mc chnh xc so vi thi gian vn chuyn d tnh.Reorder Point:Ngng ti t hngMt mc hng lu kho nh trc bo hiu nhu cu t hng. Mc hng ti thiu ny gip cho lng hng trong kho c th p ng c nhu cu d kin trong thi gian ch nhn c hng.Reparation:Tin n bPhng Thng mi Quc t (ICC) c th yu cu ngnh ng st tr li cho ngi s dng khon tin chnh lch gia mc gi tnh v mc gi ti a cho php mt khi ICC nhn thy mc gi tnh l bt hp l hay qu cao.Replenishment:B sung hngQui trnh vn chuyn hay ti cung cp hng t mt a im lu kho d tr (hay ngc dng) n mt im lu kho chnh (hay xui dng) hay mt a im thu gom hng, hoc n mt ni lu tr khc ti vic thu gom c tin hnh.Request for Information (RFI):Yu cu cung cp thng tinMt loi ti liu dng thu thp thng tin v bn bn, sn phm, v dch v trc mt qui trnh RFQ/RFP thng thng.Request for Proposal (RFP):Yu cu xutMt loi ti liu, cung cp cc thng tin lin quan n cc yu cu v i hi i vi mt nh sn xut no . Ti liu ny c to ra nhm thu thp nhng xut t pha cc nh cung ng tim nng. V d mt hng sn xut my tnh c th s dng mt RFP thu thp cc xut cc nh cung ng dch v logistics bn th ba.Request for Quote (RFQ):Yu cu bo giMt loi ti liu c dng thu thp nhng phn hi ca bn bn khi mt sn phm no c chn v cn phi c bo gi t mt s bn bn.Resellers:Cng ty bn liCc cng ty ng vai tr trung gian trong qui trnh sn xut v phn phi, chng hn cc hng bn s v bn l.Resources:Ngun lcCc yu t kinh t c ng dng hay dng trong vic tin hnh cc hot ng hoc h tr trc tip cho cc mc tiu ph tn. Cc yu t ny bao gm con ngi, nguyn liu, cung ng, thit b, cng ngh v phng tin.Xem thm: Resource Driver, CapacityRetailer:Hng bn lMt cng ty t hng cc sn phm sau bn li cho ngi tiu dng sau cng. V d nh cccng ty Wal-Mart, Best Buy, v Safeway, v c cc ca hng c lp nh hn.Return Disposal Costs:Chi ph x l hng tr vCc chi ph cho vic tiu hy hay ti ch cc sn phm b tr v do khng cn s dng c hay h c.Return Goods Handling:X l hng tr vCc qui trnh lin quan n hng ha b khch hng tr v cho nh sn xut. Cc sn phm ny c th b tr v do c li hay n gin l khch hng khng thch sn phm .Return on Assets (ROA):Li tc tnh trn ti snBin php ti chnh c tnh bng cch ly li nhun chia cho ti sn.Return on Net Assets:Li tc tnh trn ti sn thcBin php ti chnh c tnh bng cch ly li nhun chia cho ti sn thc c khu hao.Return on Sales:Li tc tnh trn doanh sBin php ti chnh c tnh bng cch ly li nhun chia cho doanh s.Return Product Authorization (RPA):Bng chp thun tr li sn phmCn c gi l Return Material hay Goods Authorization (RMA hay RGA). y l mt bng thng c yu cu trong phn Bo hnh/Tr li, qua gip cng ty nhn bit c hng chnh hng ca mnh v l do hng b tr v. S RPA thng ng vai tr nh mt n t hng cho cc cng vic sa cha v l ti liu tham kho cho vic ph chun tn dng.Return to Vendor (RTV):Hng tr li cho ngi bnHng ha b khch hng hay b phn kim tra ca bn mua t chi v ang ch vn chuyn tr li cho nh cung ng sa cha hay thay th.Returns Inventory Costs:Chi ph lu kho hng tr vChi ph i km vi vic qun l hng tr c tr v v bt k l do no sau y: sa cha, tn trang, hng d, hng c, hng ht hn s dng, hng trng by. Chi ph ny bao gm tt c cc yu t hp l trong Thnh t cp 2 ca Chi ph vn chuyn hng tr thuc Tng chi ph qun l chui cung ng.Returns Material Acquisition, Finance, Planning and IT Costs:Chi ph Thu mua nguyn liu x l hng tr v, Ti chnh, Lp k hoch v ITCc chi ph i km vi vic thu hi sn phm b li v mua nguyn liu cho vic sa cha v tn trang cc sn phm ny, cng vi bt k chi ph Ti chnh, Lp k hoch v Cng ngh thng tin h tr cho Hot ng x l hng tr v. Chi ph ny bao gm tt c cc yu t hp l trong Thnh t cp 2 ca Chi ph thu mua nguyn liu (mua nguyn liu cho vic sa cha), Cc chi ph Ti chnh v Lp k hoch lin quan n Chui cung ng v Chi ph IT cho Chui cung ng thuc Tng chi ph qun l chui cung ng.Returns Order Management Costs:Chi ph qun l n hng tr vCc chi ph i km vi vic qun l Bng chp thun tr li sn phm (RPA). Chi ph ny bao gm tt c cc yu t hp l trong Thnh t cp 2 ca Chi ph vn chuyn hng tr thuc Tng chi ph qun l chui cung ng.Xem Order Management CostsReturns Processing Cost:Chi ph x l hng tr vTng chi ph cho vic x l cc sn phm sa cha, tn trang, hng d, c v ht hn trong bao gm vic chn on vn v thay th sn phm. Chi ph ny bao gm cc chi ph cho h tr logistics, nguyn liu, cc chc nng tp trung, gii quyt cc yu cu v dch v khch hng, chn on v sa cha ngay ti ch, sa cha bn ngoi v cc chi ph khc. Nhng chi ph ny c tnh vo cc chi ph nh Qun l n hng tr v, Vn chuyn hng tr v, Thu mua nguyn liu x l hng tr v, Ti chnh, Lp k hoch, IT, Tiu hy v Bo hnh.Reverse Auction:u gi ngcMt hnh thc u gi trong cc nh cung ng u gi bn sn phm cho ngi mua (chng hn nh hng bn l). Khi vic u gi tip din, gi s gim xung (tri ngc vi mt cuc u gi thng thng, trong ngi mua u gi mua c sn phm).Reverse Engineering:Thit k ngcMt qui trnh trong cc sn phm ca bn d thi c tho ri ra v phn tch minh chng cho vic ch to, cc thnh phn v cng ngh tt hn.Reverse Logistics:Logistics ngcMt phn khc chuyn bit ca logistics tp trung vo vic vn chuyn v qun l cc sn phm v cc ngun lc sau khi bn hng v sau khi giao hng ti cho khch hng. Phn khc ny bao gm c vic tr li sn phm sa cha v/hoc ghi nhn.RF:(Xem Radio Frequency)RFI:(Xem Request for Information)RFID:(Xem Radio Frequency Identification(Xem thm: Radio Frequency)RFP:(Xem Request for Proposal)RFQ:(Xem Request for Quote)Rich Media:Giu tnh truyn thngMt thut ng trong qung co trn Internet dng ch mt qung co trn trang Web s dng k thut cao cp nh to dng video, cc chng trnh c download tng tc nhanh vi ngi dng, v cc bng qung co thay i mi khi ngi dung r chut quanh chng.Rich Text Format (RFT):nh dng Rich textMt phng php m ha nh dng vn bn v ti liu s dng b bng m ASCII. Theo qui c, cc tp tin RTF c ui.rtf.Right of Eminent Domain:Quyn trng thuMt khi nim cho php vic mua t dng cho vn ti hay quyn i qua trn t trong mt phin ta; thng c s dng trong ngnh ng st v cc ng ng dn.RM:(Xem Raw Materials)RMA (Return Material Authorization)(Xem Return Product Authorization)ROA:(Xem Return on Assets)ROI (Return On Investment)Li tc tnh theo u t.Roll-On-Roll-Off (RO-RO):Mt loi tu c thit k sao cho hng ha c th c ch ln tu ti im xut pht v ch xung tu ti im n; c s dng rng ri trong lnh vc vn chuyn t.Root Cause Analysis:Phn tch nguyn nhn tn gcNhng bin php phn tch nhm xc nh cc vn ct li ca mt t chc, qui trnh, sn phm, th trngRosettaNet:Mt tp hp cc cng ty ln v cng ngh thng tin, thit b in t, sn xut bn dn, vin thng v logistics hp tc vi nhau nhm thit lp v p dng tiu chun v cc qui trnh thng mi in t ton ngnh. Nhng tiu chun ny hnh thnh nn mt ngn ng thng mi in t chung, sp xp cc qui trnh gia cc i tc v chui cung ng trn phm vi ton cu. RosettaNet l mt cng ty con ca Tp on GS1.Routing or Routing Guide:Xc nh l trnh1) Qui trnh xc nh vic vn chuyn hng ha s c vn chuyn nh th no t ni xut x n im n. Cc thng tin l trnh bao gm tn cc hng vn ti tham gia, l trnh thc ca cc hng vn ti, v thi gian c tnh theo l trnh.2) Quyn c la chn ca ch hng i vi hng vn ti, l trnh v cc im chuyn hng.3) Trong sn xut, y l ti liu xc nh mt qui trnh trong bao gm cc bc c s dng cho vic sn xut v/hoc lp rp mt sn phm.RPA:(Xem Return Product Authorization)RTF:(Xem Rich Text Format)RTV:(Xem Return to Vendor)Rule of Eight:Qui tc 8 ch hngTrc khi c Lut Vn Ti ng B 1980, cc hng vn ti theo hp ng yu cu c y quyn b hn ch ch c k hp ng vi 8 ch hng. S lng ch hng b xo b theo mt xem xt chp thun cho mt hng vn ti theo hp ng.Rule of Rate Making:Qui tc nh gi ccMt iu khon iu tit hng dn cc c quan iu tit xem xt thu nhp cn thit cho mt hng vn ti c th cung cp vic vn chuyn thch hp.Thut Ng Chui Cung ng & Logistics "Q"QC:Xem Quality ControlQFD:Xem Quality Function DeploymentQR:Xem Quick ResponseQualitative Forecasting Techniques:K thut d bo cht lngTrong khu d bo, y l mt phng php da trn vic nh gi theo trc gic hay theo phn on. K thut ny thng c s dng khi khan him d liu, khng c d liu hay d liu khng lin quan. Cc loi k thut cht lng thng dng bao gm: hiu thu con ngi, nh gi lc lng bn hng, s nht qun trong ni b, nghin cu th trng, d bo tm xa, v phng php Delphi. Cc v d in hnh nh vic pht trin cc d n tm xa v vic gii thiu cc sn phm mi.Quality:Cht lngS tng thch vi cc yu cu hay ph hp vi mc ch s dng. Cht lng c th c xc nh thng qua nm phng php chnh:1. Cht lng siu vit l l tng, l iu kin tuyt vi2. Cht lng theo sn phm c da trn thuc tnh ca sn phm3. Cht lng theo mc ch s dng phi ph hp vi mc ch s dng4. Cht lng theo sn xut phi tng thch vi cc yu cu5. Cht lng theo gi tr l mt mc tuyt ho theo mt gi phi chng.Bn cnh , cht lng cng c hai thnh phn chnh:a. Cht lng tng thch, l cht lng c xc nh bng vic khng c nhng khim khuyt, vb. Cht lng thit k, l cht lng c o bng mc hi lng ca khch hng vi cc c im v tnh nng cu mt sn phm no .Quality Circle:Nhm cht lngTrong qun l cht lng, mt nhm nh nhng ngi lm vic theo mt i v thng xuyn gp nhau pht hin v gii quyt nhng vn lin quan n cht lng hng sn xut ra, nng lc qui trnh hay qun l qui trnh.Xem thm: Small Group Improvement activityQuality Control (QC):Qun l cht lng (QC)Chc nng qun l nhm m bo thc phm hay dch v c sn xut hay thu mua ph hp vi cc tiu ch ca sn phm hay dch v .Quality Function Deployment (QFD):Trin khai chc nng cht lng (QFD)Mt phng php cu trc nhm chuyn i cc yu cu ca ngi s dng thnh cc tiu ch thit k chi tit s dng mt chui lin tc cc ma trn what-how. QFD lin kt nhu cu ca khch hng (ngi s dng cui cng) vi cc cha nng thit k, pht trin, xy dng, sn xut v dch v. N gip cho cc cng ty tm thy nhng nhu cu c v khng c nu ra, chuyn chng thnh nhng hnh ng v thit k, v tp trung cc chc nng kinh doanh khc nhau vo vic t c mc tiu chung ny.Quantitative Forecasting Techniques:K thut d bo nh lngMt phng php d bo trong d liu v nhu cu trong qu kh c s dng ln phng n cho nhu cu tng lai.Xem thm: Extrinsic Forecasting Method, Intrinsic Forecasting MethodQuantity Based Order System:H thng t hng da trn s lngXem Fixed Reorder Quantity Inventory ModelQuarantine:Cch ly kim nhTrong qun l cht lng, vic tch ring cha a vo s dng hay bn nhng sn phm no cho ti khi tt c nhng kim tra v cht lng theo yu cu u c thc hin v c chng nhn hp chun. Trong mt qui trnh in hnh nht, cc sn phm c cch ly kim nh c dn nhn, ghi nht k theo di v c gi trong nhng khu vc an ninh ch sp xp.Quick Response (QR):Phn hi nhanh (QR)Mt chin lc c s dng rng ri bi cc hng bn l v nh sn xut hng ha nhm hn ch vic ht hng bn l, gim gi bt buc v gim chi ph hot ng. Nhng mc tiu ny c th t c nh vo vic vn chuyn hng chnh xc v gim thi gian phn hi. QR l mt chin lc mang tnh hp tc trong nh cung ng v nh bn l phi hp vi nhau phn hi nhanh