LESSON 3 – 2nd

Batxillerat2014-15

Errors from your exam essays

• One hand it’s becose the people are poor

• In one hand, we have people who thinks…

• I think that festivals are beautiful tradition but in this moment, are really commercial.

• Actuality, a big part of festivals are extremely commercial.

• Secondly all shops have sales.

• I am absolutely agree with this idea.

• In my opinion all festivals is a commercial things.

Corrected version

• On the one hand, it is because people are poor.

• On the one hand, we have people who think…

• I think that festivals are powerful traditions, but right now they are really commercial.

• Nowadays, many festivals are extremely commercial.

• Secondly, all shops have sales.

• I absolutely agree with this idea.

• In my opinion, all festivals are commercial events.

Vocabulary page 29Panel

Vandalism / Riot

Burglar

Break out (riots, wars, fights)

Vocabulary page 29 - 2Break the law get carried away offender

go to court

fairly get away with (inflm)

Collocations page 29

Spend The law

Treat Time in prison

Do Away with something

Break To prison

Punish To court

Get Community service

Go Carried away

Go (s/o) Fairly

Get Severely

Vocabulary page 31Past its sell To award damages

To sue someone

Door handle Good deed To

overreact

False Friends

injure / insult

• He ___ me when he told me I was a liar.

• He fell down stairs and ___ her leg.

realize / carry out

• She hoped we could ___ our plan successfully.

• One day she will ___ that he is cheating on her.

friendly / sympathetic

• Everyone was very ___ when I started my new school.

• My friends were all ___ when I broke my leg.

C----- S----- R–H-----Catch someone red handed

S--- o– o- t– l---Step out of the line

B- a---- b----

Be above board (Be honest, not to try to deceive anyone)

C---- s-------- u-Cover something up

S---- u- t- s---------Stand up to someone or something

1. The police found him with the stolen goods.

stepped out of line

2 We need to find out exactly what is going on.

caught him red-handed

3 She always behaves well at school. above board

4 You need to admit that you have behaved badly andaccept your punishment.

face the music

5 This was the first time he had ever done something wrong.

keeps her nose clean

6 I knew their plans weren’t open and honest.

get to the bottom of it

Characteristics of modal verbs

• They are followed by an infinitive without to (except for ought to).• I must buy a new computer

• They do not need “do / does” to form negatives or short answers.

• They do not take the third person –s.

• They can use contractions with negatives.

• They have several different meanings depending on context.

MODAL VERBS

Function Modal verb

Ability Be able to / can / could

Permission Can / be allowed to / could (gral. Permission in the past)

obligation Must / have to /need to

Absence of obligation Don’t have to / needn’t

Possibility May / Might / could /must / can’t

Advice / recommendation Should / Ought to

Prohibition Can’t / mustn’t

Talking about ability

Modal use Example

Ability

Can Ability in the present I can swim

Could Ability in the past I couldn’t swim as a child

Be able to (not a modal verb)

Ability for other verb tenses

She will be able to speak English fluently if she marries him. People have been able to send emails since the 90s.

Talking about permission.

Permission

Can & may Permission in the present

Can I come in?may I come in? (+

formal)

Be allowed to (not a modal verb)

Permission in other tenses

He was allowed to arrive late to class by the teacherI won’t be allowed to go to the concert this time.

Could General permission in the past (but not to refer to a particular action)

When we were children we could go to school on our own.

Talking about obligationOBLIGATION

Must You must go to the doctor tomorrow

Have to You have to be on time for the exam

Need to You need to come home. Your grandfather has had an accident.

LACK OF OBLIGATION

Need Negative (needn’t) You needn’t do this homework. It is optional

Don’t have to You don’t have to do this homework. It is optional

Talking about possibility

PRESENT OF FUTURE POSSIBILITY

May

Present and future possibility.

He may know her phone number.

Might We might have nothing in common.

Could Telling your mum about him could be a disaster.

PROHIBITION

Mustn’t Strong prohibition You mustn’t cheat on your husband

GIVE ADVICE

Should You should study harder

Ought to You ought to dress more formally for work.

Modal PerfectsSOME MODAL VERBS + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE TO TALK ABOUT

PAST EVENTS

Could have Suggest an alternative past event although now it is too late

I could have come to the party, but I did not want to see them.

I might have gone to the cinema, but I decided not to.

Might have

POSSIBILITY IN THE PAST

Might have I might have been a dancer

May have I may have gone to the cinema

Could have I could have gone to University

Modal Perfect II

EXPRESS A CERTAINTY OR MAKE A LOGICAL DEDUCTION

Must have You must have felt terrible when you heard the news.

EXPRESS IMPOSSIBILITY IN THE PAST

Couldn’t have I Couldn’t have tasted it because she did not cook it!

Can’t have I can’t have stolen it, because I wasn’t there!

GIVE AN OPINION, EVENTHOUGH NOW IT IS TOO LATE

Should have He should have left before she arrived

Ought to have She ought to have called me

Modal perfects III

EXPRESS REGRET OR CRICICISM ABOUT PAST EVENTS

Shouldn’t have You shouldn’t have gone to the cinema if you had an exam the next day.

SAY THAT SOMETHING THA WAS DONE WAS UNNECESSARY

Needn’t have You needn’t have studiedmath. The teacher postponed the exam.

------------ water

Army / soldier

Navy / marine