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8/8/2019 Tsunami 31.08

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The Earth¶s

Pandemonium

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Name Class Roll No.

NEHA PANDEY VIII-B 17

SONIA KUMARI VIII-B 35

PRIYA GUPTA VIII-B 34

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TSUNAMI is a Japaneseword that means

³HARBOUR WAVES´ asthe harbours get

destroyed whenever there is a Tsunami.

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What are tsunamis?What are tsunamis?TsunamiTsunami isis aa veryvery largelarge oceanocean wavewave triggeredtriggered

by by underwater underwater earthquake,earthquake, volcanicvolcanic activitiesactivities

or or landslideslandslides.. TheseThese waveswaves havehave unusuallyunusually

longlong--wavelengthwavelength inin excessexcess of of 100100 kms,kms,generatedgenerated inin thethe openopen oceanocean andand transformedtransformed

intointo aa traintrain of of catastrophiccatastrophic oscillationsoscillations onon thethe

seasea surfacesurface closeclose toto coastalcoastal zoneszones.. TheseThese

normallynormally occur occur inin PacificPacific OceanOcean andand areare highlyhighly

unexpectedunexpected surroundingsurrounding thethe IndianIndian

subcontinentsubcontinent..

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How Tsunamis Are CreatedHow Tsunamis Are Created

TsunamisTsunamis areare generatedgenerated whenwhen aa largelarge

amountamount of of water water isis displaceddisplaced veryvery quicklyquickly..

TheseThese phenomena phenomena includeinclude earthquakes,earthquakes,

volcanicvolcanic eruptions,eruptions, landslides,landslides, andand evenevenmeteoritemeteorite impactsimpacts.. However,However, thethe mostmost

commoncommon causecause isis anan underseaundersea earthquakeearthquake..

TsunamisTsunamis cancan alsoalso be be createdcreated whenwhen thethe seaseafloor floor abruptlyabruptly movesmoves atat aa faultfault inin thethe

earth¶searth¶s crustcrust..

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Development of a TsunamiDevelopment of a Tsunami After After aa largelarge massmass of of water water hashas been been displaced,displaced, waveswaves

formform asas thethe massmass movesmoves (due(due toto gravity)gravity) toto regainregain itsits

balance balance.. TheThe wavewave movesmoves thethe entireentire depthdepth of of thethe ocean,ocean,

rather rather thanthan just just thethe surfacesurface.. ThisThis meansmeans itit containscontains anan

enormousenormous amountamount of of energy,energy, allowingallowing itit toto traveltravel greatgreatdistancesdistances atat highhigh speedsspeeds.. AsAs thethe wavewave travels,travels, thethe energyenergy

isis spreadspread over over aa larger larger andand larger larger areaarea.. InIn openopen water,water,

tsunamistsunamis havehave hugehuge wavelengthswavelengths (hundreds(hundreds of of km)km).. TheyThey

areare oftenoften lessless thanthan 11 mm highhigh outout atat seasea.. TheThe wavewave travelstravelsacrossacross thethe oceanocean atat speedsspeeds upup toto 11,,000000 km/hkm/h.. WhenWhen thethe

wavewave isis near near thethe shore,shore, thethe water water piles piles upup onon itself itself andand

becomes becomes aa hugehuge wavewave andand crashescrashes ontoonto thethe landland..

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2626thth

December December 20042004

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ItIt waswas allall quietquiet onon thethe waterfrontwaterfront onon thethe SundaySunday

morningmorning after after ChristmasChristmas inin 20042004 atat KanyakumariKanyakumari,,

thethe famousfamous MarinaMarina BeachBeach inin ChennaiChennai andand

elsewhereelsewhere onon thethe KeralaKerala coastcoast andand AndamanAndaman

Nicober Nicober IslandsIslands.. ThereThere waswas thethe excitementexcitement of of aa

holydayholyday withwith anan offbeatoffbeat moodmood withwith swarmsswarms of of people people onon thethe seasea frontfront:: childrenchildren playing playing cricketcricket

andand manman andand womenwomen onon their their morningmorning work work atat thethe

MarinaMarina.. Elsewhere,Elsewhere, fishermenfishermen werewere putting putting outout toto

seasea for for thethe day¶sday¶s catchcatch.. ThenThen allall onon aa sudden,sudden, aacuriouscurious thingthing happenedhappened.. TheThe holidaymakersholidaymakers atat

KanyakumariKanyakumari werewere awestruck awestruck whenwhen thethe seasea

recededreceded fromfrom thethe shoresshores..

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AlmostAlmost allall thethe countriescountries situatedsituated aroundaround thethe

BayBay of of BengalBengal werewere affectedaffected by by thethetsunamitsunami waveswaves inin thethe morningmorning hourshours of of 2626December December 20042004 (between(between 09000900 ± ± 10301030 hrshrsIST)IST).. TheThe killer killer waveswaves werewere triggeredtriggered by by anan

earthquakeearthquake measuringmeasuring 88..99 onon thethe Richter Richter scalescale thatthat hadhad anan epicenter epicenter near near thethe westwestcoastcoast of of SumatraSumatra inin IndonesiaIndonesia.. AsAs thetheIndianIndian plate plate wentwent under under thethe BurmaBurma plate, plate,

therethere waswas aa suddensudden movementmovement of of thethe seaseaflour,flour, causingcausing thethe EarthquakeEarthquake.. TheThe firstfirstrecordedrecorded tsunamitsunami inin IndiaIndia datesdates back back toto 3131December December 18811881..

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InIn thisthis tsunami,tsunami, IndiaIndia waswas thethe thirdthird countrycountry

severelyseverely battered battered after after IndonesiaIndonesia andand SrilankaSrilanka..InIn IndiaIndia thethe StateState severelyseverely affectedaffected by by

tsunamitsunami areare Tamilnadu,Tamilnadu, PondicheriPondicheri,, AndhraAndhra

Pradesh,Pradesh, KeralaKerala andand AndamanAndaman andand Nicober Nicober IslandIsland.. TheThe followingfollowing TableTable showsshows thethe

averageaverage scenarioscenario of of tsunamitsunami devastationdevastation inin thethe

respectiverespective areasareas.. TheThe datadata relatingrelating toto thethe

AndamanAndaman andand Nicober Nicober areare yetyet toto be be assessed,assessed,

for for whichwhich itit doesdoes appear appear inin thethe

followingTablefollowingTable..

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Tsunami damage in IndiaTsunami damage in India

Factor Factor Andhra PradeshAndhra Pradesh KeralaKerala Tamil NaduTamil Nadu PondcherryPondcherry TotalTotal

PopulationPopulation

affectedaffected

211,000211,000 2,470,0002,470,000 691,000691,000 43,00043,000 3,415,0003,415,000

Area affectedArea affected

(Ha)(Ha)

790790 UnknownUnknown 2,4872,487 790790 4,0674,067

Length of coastLength of coastaffected (Km)affected (Km)

985985 250250 1,0001,000 2525 2,2602,260

Extent of Extent of

penetration (Km)penetration (Km)

0.50.5 -- 2.02.0 11 -- 22 11 -- 1.51.5 0.300.30 -- 3.03.0

Reported heightReported heightof tsunami (m)of tsunami (m)

55 33--55 77--1010 1010

Villages affectedVillages affected 301301 187187 362362 2626 876876

Dwelling unitsDwelling units 1,5571,557 11,83211,832 91,03791,037 6,4036,403 110,829110,829

Cattle lostCattle lost 195195 UnknownUnknown 5,4765,476 3,4453,445

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WhileWhile thethe EarthquakeEarthquake cancan notnot be be

predicted predicted inin advance,advance, itit isis possible possible totogivegive aa threethree ± ± hour hour noticenotice of of aa potential potential

TsunamiTsunami.. SuchSuch earlyearly warningwarning systemssystems

areare inin place place acrossacross thethe PacificPacific Ocean,Ocean, but but notnot inin thethe IndianIndian OceanOcean.. TsunamisTsunamis

areare rarerare inin thethe IndianIndian OceanOcean asas thethe

seismicseismic activityactivity isis lessless asas comparedcompared toto

thethe PacificPacific..

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The Tsunami that ravaged the SouthThe Tsunami that ravaged the South

and South Asian coasts in December and South Asian coasts in December 2004, is the most devastating Tsunami2004, is the most devastating Tsunami

in the last several hundred years. Thein the last several hundred years. The

large damage caused to life andlarge damage caused to life and

property was primarily a result of property was primarily a result of lack lack

of monitoring, the early warningof monitoring, the early warning

system and knowledge among the coastsystem and knowledge among the coast

dwellers of Indian Ocean.dwellers of Indian Ocean.

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The Survey of India maintains a tide gauge network along the coast of India.

The gauges are located in major ports shown in the figure below.

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EffectsEffects

of of

TsunamisTsunamis

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19461946 -- tsunami killedtsunami killed165 people in Hawaii /165 people in Hawaii /

Alaska, resulted inAlaska, resulted increation of tsunamicreation of tsunami

warning system.warning system.

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19601960 ± ± ChileChile strongeststrongest quakequake ever ever

recordedrecorded (magnitude(magnitude 99..55)) off off coastcoast of of

southsouth centralcentral Chile,Chile, oneone of of thethe mostmost

destructivedestructive tsunamistsunamis of of thethe2020ththcenturycentury.. WavesWaves measuredmeasured upup toto 2525

metersmeters highhigh.. TsunamiTsunami hithit OnagawaOnagawa,,

JapanJapan 2222 hrshrs after after thethe quakequake withwithwaveswaves 33 mm aboveabove thethe tidetide.. killedkilled

aboutabout (estimation)(estimation) 22902290 people people..

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19641964 -- good Fridaygood Friday--magnitudemagnitude

9.2 quake, tsunamis struck 9.2 quake, tsunamis struck

Alaska, B.C. and killed 122 Alaska, B.C. and killed 122

people. tsunamis were up to 6 people. tsunamis were up to 6

meters tall.meters tall.

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20042004 -- IndianIndian oceanocean -- magnitudemagnitude 99..22 quakequake triggeredtriggered aa

lethallethal seriesseries of of tsunamistsunamis onon December December 2626,, killedkilled over over

310310,,000000 people people (over (over 220220,,000000 inin IndonesiaIndonesia alone),alone),

deadliestdeadliest tsunamitsunami inin recordedrecorded history,history, killedkilled people people inin

Indonesia/ThailandIndonesia/Thailand allall thethe wayway toto India,India, BangladeshBangladesh

(several(several thousandthousand km¶skm¶s away)away) andand eveneven asas far far asaseasterneastern AfricaAfrica (Kenya,(Kenya, Somalia,Somalia, Tanzania)Tanzania).. Over Over

$$600600MM waswas raisedraised toto helphelp thethe victimsvictims.. UnlikeUnlike thethe

PacificPacific Ocean,Ocean, therethere isis nono alertalert systemsystem coveringcovering thethe

IndianIndian OceanOcean.. ThereThere hadhad notnot been been aa tsunamitsunami theretheresincesince thethe krakatoakrakatoa volcanicvolcanic eruptioneruption tsunamitsunami inin 18831883..

UNESCOUNESCO andand other other worldworld bodies bodies havehave calledcalled for for aa

globalglobal tsunamitsunami monitoringmonitoring systemsystem..

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tsunami 31.08

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