tsl 3093 democratic teaching
DESCRIPTION
TheoriesTRANSCRIPT
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Theories of Democratic Teaching
(Rudolf Dreikurs)
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Definition & Description
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Rudolf Dreikurs ideas in
classroom discipline
All students
have inborn
need for
belonging
Learning
occurs best in
democratic
classroom
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Students unable to satisfy the
needs
Mistaken goal can
help them satisfy the
needs
Seek attention,
seek power, seek
revenge, withdraw
from class activity
Turn to think
that Lead
students to
To solve this problem, Dreikurs suggest
Democratic teaching.
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Definition of
O Democratic teaching
O A theory which allows students to take part
in the teaching and learning activities along
with the teacher.
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Key concepts of Dreikurs Theory
O Identify and address mistaken goals of
misbehaviour.
O Act as democratic rather than autocratic
or permissive.
O Use logical consequences rather than
punishment.
O Understand the difference between praise
and encouragement.
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Democratic teachers O Democratic teachers are neither permissive
nor autocratic.
O Democratic teachers provide firm guidance
and leadership by establishing rules and
consequences.
O For democratic teachers, freedom comes
from discipline.
O To the extent that students understand that
consequences follow behaviour, they are then free
to choose behaviour that will attain their legitimate
needs.
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Democratic Classrooms O Democratic classrooms are where the
curriculum actively engages students in
collaborative inquiry
O Example:
O decision making is shared between students
and staff
O students choose their daily activities
O Democratic classrooms help students
become active citizens and preparing them
for participation in a democratic society.
Source: RMC Corporation, Denver, CO, May 2004
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O In democratic classroom;
O Students and teachers work together to
make students learning a contribution to
their community
O Students demonstrate their learning in
public settings and receive public
feedback
O Students have choice, both as individuals
and as groups, within the parameters
provided by the teacher
O Students actively work with problems,
ideas, materials, and people.
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The approaches
The strategies
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Approaches
O Teachers withdrawing as an authority figure
O teachers can redirect students ambitions for power
by having them participate in making decisions or
giving directions.
O According to Dreikurs, logical consequences
referred to reasonable results that follow behaviour
either desirable or non-desirable.
O typically require students to make right of what they
have done wrong
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For example,
O If students do not complete their work during class, they are required to do it for homework. In a democratic classroom, the students would know in advance the consequences of their misbehaviour because as part of the classroom they helped formulate the consequences.
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One of the example of
Democratic Teaching
approach that can be used in
the classroom is
Class meetings
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Class meetings
O opportunities for students to engage
in open talk and debate
O time for the entire class community to
come together
O discuss topics that didn't have to
connect directly to what we were
studying in other parts of our
curriculum.
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O talk about a wide variety of
topics and issues
O Some meetings were about
current events, others focused
on news from our lives
O Some meetings emphasized
problem solving, and many
were on topics my students
raised.
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O Students can voice out opinions
O Other students can agree or
disagree with the opinions
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Strategies
O Provide lessons with social interest in
mind.
O Provide a teaching environment that
supports students sense of belonging.
O Come up with a set of classroom rules
as a group.
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O Support responsibility through freedom
of choices in lesson plans.
O Encourage students rather than praise
them.
O Provide students with logical
consequences to mistaken goals to
support responsibility and avoid
punishment.
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Dreikurs's claims that the following 8
conditions foster a democratic classroom:
1. The establishment of order.
2. The setting of limits.
3. The use of firmness and kindness:
Firmness from teachers shows that they
respect themselves.
Kindness shows their respect for others.
4. Involving student when establishing and
maintaining rules.
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5. Leadership from the teacher.
6. Inviting cooperation and eliminating
destructive competition.
7. Promoting a sense of belonging within a
group.
8. Encouraging an atmosphere of freedom to
explore, discover, and choose acceptable
behaviour through understanding the
responsibilities and consequences
associated with it.
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Strengths & Weaknesses
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Strengths
O Democratic classrooms and teaching styles.
O Gives opportunity for the students to participate
in the teaching and learning process.
O The power is not restricted for teacher only
(authoritative).
O Mutual respect motivates students to
behave constructively.
O This occurs out of their heightened sense of
social interest.
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OPraise supports completion.
OEncouragement supports the
process.
OLogical consequences produce
better results than punishment.
OPromotes respect and
communication among teacher
and students.
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O Allows students to take responsibilities
for their own actions to help establish
class rules.
O Compliments good teaching by
providing a caring classroom
community using student centered
techniques.
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Weaknesses
O Might be difficult for teachers to identify
and understand students reasons for
misbehaving.
O Teachers may not be able to respond
properly and to provide logical
consequences for all misbehaviour.
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O Some deep emotional problems that
lead to serious feeling of inadequacy or
to elaborate plan for revenge might
require professional counseling skills.
O Teachers who are inherently autocratic
or permissive might have difficulty
adopting democratic perspectives.
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Practicality
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Practicality of Democratic Teaching in a Malaysian primary ESL classroom.
O Suitable to be used in dealing with
problematic students.
O Uses different approach.
O Gives students opportunity to
correct their misbehaviour.
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There is always a reason behind
most difficult behaviour
Students with difficult behaviour
should be treated with dignity,
respect and compassion
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~In conclusion, Dreikurs'
greatest contribution lies, not in
how to suppress undesired
behaviour in the short term but
in how to build in students an
inner sense of responsibility
and respect for themselves and
others.~
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References
O 29/01/2013 Teacher Matters 2013. http://www.teachermatters.com/classroom-discipline/models-of-discipline/the-dreikers-model.html
O RMC Corporation, Denver, CO, May 2004
O 30/01/2013 New World Encyclopedia http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Rudolf_Dreikurs
O 30/01/2013 Prezi.com http://prezi.com/94y-r1dc3p1d/exploring-the-theories-of-democratic-teaching-rudolph-dreikurs/
O 02/02/2013 http://ulyarosyita.blogspot.com/2011/03/what-is-difference-between-strategy.html
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By
Nurul Ain Binti Rahman
Ahmad Muhaymin Bin Ishak
Ahmad Syafiq Bin Harazi
THANK YOU