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ACC%NT'NG P(%)*SS'%N AN+ACC%NT'NG P(%)*SS'%N AN+

P(ACT'C*SP(ACT'C*S

In"ro#$c"%onIn"ro#$c"%on

&e'e(o)*en" of Acco$n"%n+ Profe%on&e'e(o)*en" of Acco$n"%n+ Profe%on

G(o-a(%.a"%on of Econo*/ an# %" %*)ac" on "heG(o-a(%.a"%on of Econo*/ an# %" %*)ac" on "he

Acco$n"%n+ Profe%onAcco$n"%n+ Profe%onC$rren" "a"e of Acco$n"%n+ Profe%onC$rren" "a"e of Acco$n"%n+ Profe%on

Cha((en+eCha((en+e

IFAC G(o-a( S$r'e/IFAC G(o-a( S$r'e/

Chan+%n+ ro(eChan+%n+ ro(e

Enhanc%n+ %((Enhanc%n+ %((

Va($e crea"%onVa($e crea"%on

Conc($%onConc($%on

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'NT(%+CT'%N'NT(%+CT'%N


P(ACT'C*SP(ACT'C*S

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+*,*%PM*NT %)+*,*%PM*NT %)

ACC%NT'NG P(%)*SS'%NACC%NT'NG P(%)*SS'%N


P(ACT'C*SP(ACT'C*S

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5

+*,*%PM*NT %)+*,*%PM*NT %)


O(#e" $r'%'%n+ Acco$n"%n+ recor# #a"e fro* 110O(#e" $r'%'%n+ Acco$n"%n+ recor# #a"e fro* 110

"o 180 A& 3 Grea" ro(( of E4che5$er"o 180 A& 3 Grea" ro(( of E4che5$er

Profe%on "ar"e# %n "he fo$r"een"h cen"$r/Profe%on "ar"e# %n "he fo$r"een"h cen"$r/

&o$-(e en"r/ -ooee)%n+ #e'e(o)e# %n fo$r"een"h&o$-(e en"r/ -ooee)%n+ #e'e(o)e# %n fo$r"een"h

cen"$r/ %n I"a(/cen"$r/ %n I"a(/

P%co((% /"e* of Acco$n"%n+ %n 1676P%co((% /"e* of Acco$n"%n+ %n 1676

In 189 : In"%"$"e of Char"ere# Acco$n"an" ofIn 189 : In"%"$"e of Char"ere# Acco$n"an" of

Sco"(an# ;a fo$n#e#Sco"(an# ;a fo$n#e#

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+*,*%PM*NT %)+*,*%PM*NT %)


In 1880 "he In"%"$"e of Char"ere# Acco$n"an" ofIn 1880 "he In"%"$"e of Char"ere# Acco$n"an" of

En+(an# < =a(e ;a fo$n#e#En+(an# < =a(e ;a fo$n#e#

F%r" Na"%ona( Acco$n"%n+ Soc%e"/ %n U>S> ;a fo$n# %nF%r" Na"%ona( Acco$n"%n+ Soc%e"/ %n U>S> ;a fo$n# %n

188? ;h%ch ;a a )re#eceor "o "he AICPA188? ;h%ch ;a a )re#eceor "o "he AICPA

N$*-er of co*)an%e an# cro -or#erN$*-er of co*)an%e an# cro -or#er

%n'e"*en" %ncreae# %n 1700 an# "he A$#%"%n'e"*en" %ncreae# %n 1700 an# "he A$#%"

f$nc"%on ;a -ornf$nc"%on ;a -orn

Un"%( 1780 "he core -$%ne of Profe%ona(Un"%( 1780 "he core -$%ne of Profe%ona(

Acco$n"an" ;a A$#%"%n+Acco$n"an" ;a A$#%"%n+

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+*,*%PM*NT %)+*,*%PM*NT %)


Aro$n# 1780 : ;%"h "he a#'en" of +(o-a( econo*/Aro$n# 1780 : ;%"h "he a#'en" of +(o-a( econo*/

"he #e*an# for ne; er'%ce "ar"e# %ncrea%n+"he #e*an# for ne; er'%ce "ar"e# %ncrea%n+

The )re$re "o )ro'%#e non3a$#%" er'%ce ;%"h The )re$re "o )ro'%#e non3a$#%" er'%ce ;%"h

re(a"%'e(/ h%+her *ar+%n chan+e# "he 'a($e ofre(a"%'e(/ h%+her *ar+%n chan+e# "he 'a($e of

Profe%ona(%* -ae# on a*-%"%on an# co**erc%a(Profe%ona(%* -ae# on a*-%"%on an# co**erc%a(

con%#era"%oncon%#era"%on

The ne; a))roach "ar"e# %*)a%r%n+ "he -a%c The ne; a))roach "ar"e# %*)a%r%n+ "he -a%c

a""%"$#e of %n#e)en#ence an# %n"e+r%"/a""%"$#e of %n#e)en#ence an# %n"e+r%"/

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G%A'/AT'%N %) *C%N%M0G%A'/AT'%N %) *C%N%M0AN+ 'TS 'MPACT %N TH*AN+ 'TS 'MPACT %N TH*



P(ACT'C*SP(ACT'C*S

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9

G%A'/AT'%N %) *C%N%M0 AN+ 'TS'MPACT %N TH* ACC%NT'NGP(%)*SS'%N

In'e"*en" % '%r"$a((/ -eco*%n+ +(o-a( ;%"h noIn'e"*en" % '%r"$a((/ -eco*%n+ +(o-a( ;%"h no

conce)" of Na"%ona( or Re+%ona( -o$n#ar%econce)" of Na"%ona( or Re+%ona( -o$n#ar%e

Acco$n" are "o -e )re)are# %n co*)(%ance ;%"hAcco$n" are "o -e )re)are# %n co*)(%ance ;%"h

"an#ar# an# re+$(a"%on of #%@eren" co$n"r%e"an#ar# an# re+$(a"%on of #%@eren" co$n"r%e

Con'er+ence of Acco$n"%n+ an# A$#%"%n+ S"an#ar#Con'er+ence of Acco$n"%n+ an# A$#%"%n+ S"an#ar#

"o en$re +(o-a( co**on (an+$a+e"o en$re +(o-a( co**on (an+$a+e

G(o-a( S"an#ar#G(o-a( S"an#ar#

G(o-a( Re+$(a"%onG(o-a( Re+$(a"%on

G(o-a( a(%+n*en" ;%"h -$%neG(o-a( a(%+n*en" ;%"h -$%ne

G(o-a( Profe%onG(o-a( Profe%on

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&e'e(o)*en" of Ca)%"a( *are"&e'e(o)*en" of Ca)%"a( *are"

&e*an# for ne; er'%ce&e*an# for ne; er'%ce

Co**erc%a(%* crea"e# "en%on ;%"h )rofe%ona(%*Co**erc%a(%* crea"e# "en%on ;%"h )rofe%ona(%*

A$#%" a a co**o#%"/A$#%" a a co**o#%"/

F%nanc%a( %nfor*a"%on an# "he /"e* of cor)ora"eF%nanc%a( %nfor*a"%on an# "he /"e* of cor)ora"e

+o'ernance #e%+ne# "o )ro"ec" %n'e"or ;a+o'ernance #e%+ne# "o )ro"ec" %n'e"or ;a

*an%)$(a"e# for )r%'a"e +a%n*an%)$(a"e# for )r%'a"e +a%n

L%5$%#%"/ an# %n"e+r%"/ of ca)%"a( *are" re" onL%5$%#%"/ an# %n"e+r%"/ of ca)%"a( *are" re" on Tr$" an# con#ence Tr$" an# con#ence

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E"h%cE"h%c

$a(%"/ of E#$ca"%on an# "ra%n%n+$a(%"/ of E#$ca"%on an# "ra%n%n+

Profe%ona( co*)e"enc/ an# con"%n$o$ Profe%ona(Profe%ona( co*)e"enc/ an# con"%n$o$ Profe%ona(

&e'e(o)*en"&e'e(o)*en"

A$#%" f$nc"%on ro(e %n #e"ec"%on for nanc%a( fra$#A$#%" f$nc"%on ro(e %n #e"ec"%on for nanc%a( fra$#

an# an"%3*one/ (a$n#er%n+an# an"%3*one/ (a$n#er%n+

G(o-a(%.a"%on foc$ on enhanc%n+ "an#ar# of G(o-a(%.a"%on foc$ on enhanc%n+ "an#ar# of

G(o-a( co((a-ora"%on a*on+ Re+$(a"orG(o-a( co((a-ora"%on a*on+ Re+$(a"or

G(o-a( e@or" of co((a-ora"%on a*on+" "heG(o-a( e@or" of co((a-ora"%on a*on+" "he

Profe%ona( -o#%e aro$n# "he ;or(#Profe%ona( -o#%e aro$n# "he ;or(#

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C((*NT STAT* %)C((*NT STAT* %)



P(ACT'C*SP(ACT'C*S

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13


ACC%NT'NG P(%)*SS'%N 1 SA)AACC%NT'NG P(%)*SS'%N 1 SA)A

(*G'%N(*G'%N

Pro(e of Acco$n"%n+ Profe%on %n "he Re+%onPro(e of Acco$n"%n+ Profe%on %n "he Re+%on

Accountin

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'CA'

16607

97006 672 2?6 ??86 627 721 166

'CAP 6 962 61 27 ? 0 12

'CAS 12 12'CA 898 287 1?2 77

'CAN

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6"8#

$ 9#449 485: 5":88 9$: 4: :55 64:

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14



no;(e#+ea-(e a-o$"no;(e#+ea-(e a-o$"

acco$n"%n+ *a""eracco$n"%n+ *a""er

An en"re)rene$rAn en"re)rene$r

A nanc%a( ana(/"A nanc%a( ana(/"

A +(o-a( co*)e"%"orA +(o-a( co*)e"%"orA %((e# a(e)eronA %((e# a(e)eron

A +oo# co**$n%ca"orA +oo# co**$n%ca"or

Acco$n"an" ho$(# -e!Acco$n"an" ho$(# -e!

C$rren" Ro(e of an Acco$n"an"C$rren" Ro(e of an Acco$n"an"

A +oo# co**$n%ca"orA +oo# co**$n%ca"or

A ca)a-(e ne+o"%a"orA ca)a-(e ne+o"%a"or

A )$-(%c re(a"%onA )$-(%c re(a"%on

)ec%a(%")ec%a(%"

A +enera( *ana+erA +enera( *ana+erA "ra"e+%"A "ra"e+%"

A "ea* (ea#erA "ea* (ea#er

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Acco$n"a-%(%"/Acco$n"a-%(%"/

Cor)ora"e +o'ernanceCor)ora"e +o'ernance

Ro(e of A$#%" Co**%""ee an# %n#e)en#en" non3Ro(e of A$#%" Co**%""ee an# %n#e)en#en" non3

e4ec$"%'e #%rec"ore4ec$"%'e #%rec"or

So$n# %n"erna( nanc%a( con"ro( an# "ran)arenc/ %nSo$n# %n"erna( nanc%a( con"ro( an# "ran)arenc/ %n

nanc%a( re)or"%n+nanc%a( re)or"%n+

Rene;e# e*)ha% on!Rene;e# e*)ha% on!

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S"an#ar# of E"h%cS"an#ar# of E"h%c

E#$ca"%on an# "ra%n%n+E#$ca"%on an# "ra%n%n+

L%fe (on+ )rofe%ona( co*)e"enc/L%fe (on+ )rofe%ona( co*)e"enc/A$#%" an# A$ranceA$#%" an# A$rance

&e"ec"%on for nanc%a( fra$# an# *one/ (a$n#er%n+&e"ec"%on for nanc%a( fra$# an# *one/ (a$n#er%n+

Rene;e# e*)ha% on!Rene;e# e*)ha% on!

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CHA*NG*SCHA*NG*S


P(ACT'C*SP(ACT'C*S

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CHA*NG*SCHA*NG*S

B$%ne ' Profe%on : F%nanc%a( can#a(B$%ne ' Profe%on : F%nanc%a( can#a(

Ar"h$r Le'%"" %n h% 1778 )eech, ;arne# "heAr"h$r Le'%"" %n h% 1778 )eech, ;arne# "he

F%nanc%a( co**$n%"/!F%nanc%a( co**$n%"/!

To "o) *ana+%n+ "he +$re an# earn%n+ e"%*a"e To "o) *ana+%n+ "he +$re an# earn%n+ e"%*a"e3 ;%hf$( "h%n%n+3 ;%hf$( "h%n%n+

Co**on ene -$%ne )rac"%ce an# fa%"hf$(Co**on ene -$%ne )rac"%ce an# fa%"hf$(

re)reen"a"%onre)reen"a"%on

P$-(%he# acco$n" ;o$(# no (on+er -e "r$"e#P$-(%he# acco$n" ;o$(# no (on+er -e "r$"e#$n(e *ean%n+f$( #%c(o$re % )ro'%#e# "o %n'e"or$n(e *ean%n+f$( #%c(o$re % )ro'%#e# "o %n'e"or

Tr$" "ha" % "he -e#roc of ca)%"a( *are" ;o$(# -e Tr$" "ha" % "he -e#roc of ca)%"a( *are" ;o$(# -e

e'ere(/ "e"e#e'ere(/ "e"e#

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CHA*NG*SCHA*NG*S

P$-(%c fa%"h %n "he %n"e+r%"/ of A$#%" )rofe%onP$-(%c fa%"h %n "he %n"e+r%"/ of A$#%" )rofe%on

;a -eco*%n+ %ncrea%n+(/ "arn%he#;a -eco*%n+ %ncrea%n+(/ "arn%he#

In"e+r%"/ of %nfor*a"%on *$" "ae )r%or%"/ o'erIn"e+r%"/ of %nfor*a"%on *$" "ae )r%or%"/ o'era #e%re for co" ec%enc%e or co*)e"%"%'ea #e%re for co" ec%enc%e or co*)e"%"%'e

a#'an"a+e %n "he a$#%" )rocea#'an"a+e %n "he a$#%" )roce

B$%ne ' Profe%on : F%nanc%a( can#a(B$%ne ' Profe%on : F%nanc%a( can#a(

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CHA*NG*SCHA*NG*S

Maor Scan#a(!Maor Scan#a(!Enron, =or(#co* %n USEnron, =or(#co* %n US

Aho(# an# Par*a(e" %n E$ro)eAho(# an# Par*a(e" %n E$ro)e

HIR In$rance %n A$"ra(%aHIR In$rance %n A$"ra(%a

Tr$" an# con#ence ;a $n#er*%ne# on ;h%ch "he Tr$" an# con#ence ;a $n#er*%ne# on ;h%ch "he

(%5$%#%"/ an# %n"e+r%"/ of "he ca)%"a( *are" % -ae#(%5$%#%"/ an# %n"e+r%"/ of "he ca)%"a( *are" % -ae#

In'e"or fa%"h %n %n"e+r%"/ of "he )ar"%c%)an" ;aIn'e"or fa%"h %n %n"e+r%"/ of "he )ar"%c%)an" ;a

-a#(/ ha""ere#-a#(/ ha""ere#

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21

CHA*NG*SCHA*NG*S

Re+$(a"or o'erreac"%on or nee er ac"%onRe+$(a"or o'erreac"%on or nee er ac"%on

Re+$(a"or/ en'%ron*en" an# o'er%+h"Re+$(a"or/ en'%ron*en" an# o'er%+h"

Sar-ene O4(e/ Ac"Sar-ene O4(e/ Ac"

Re'%e; of Re+$(a"or/ o'er%+h" -/ Re+$(a"or %n E$ro)eRe'%e; of Re+$(a"or/ o'er%+h" -/ Re+$(a"or %n E$ro)e

an# o"her $r%#%c"%onan# o"her $r%#%c"%on

Grea"er co((a-ora"%on a*on+" "he Re+$(a"orGrea"er co((a-ora"%on a*on+" "he Re+$(a"or

Man#a"or/ ro"a"%on an# re"r%c"%on on non3a$#%" er'%ceMan#a"or/ ro"a"%on an# re"r%c"%on on non3a$#%" er'%ce

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P(ACT'C*SP(ACT'C*S

')AC G%A S(,*0 ')AC G%A S(,*0

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23


P(ACT'C*SP(ACT'C*S

CHANG'NG (%*CHANG'NG (%*

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Chan+e of foc$ fro* re+ar#%n+ acco$n"%n+ a )a%'eChan+e of foc$ fro* re+ar#%n+ acco$n"%n+ a )a%'e

)heno*enon "o ac"%'e %n'o('e*en" %n Sha)%n+, Mo$(#%n+,)heno*enon "o ac"%'e %n'o('e*en" %n Sha)%n+, Mo$(#%n+,

P(ann%n+ a ro(e %n "he con"r$c"%on of e""%n+ %n ;h%ch %" o)era"eP(ann%n+ a ro(e %n "he con"r$c"%on of e""%n+ %n ;h%ch %" o)era"e

Crea"%n+ an# enhanc%n+ 'a($e of or+an%.a"%on -/ 'a($e crea"%onCrea"%n+ an# enhanc%n+ 'a($e of or+an%.a"%on -/ 'a($e crea"%on

for!for!

A ne; a))roachA ne; a))roach

Shareho(#erShareho(#er

Mana+er < C$"o*erMana+er < C$"o*er

C$"o*erC$"o*er

A(( S"aeho(#erA(( S"aeho(#er

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25


E..a*e( < Bo$rn #ecr%-e Ro(e a" S"ra"e+%c (e'e( a!E..a*e( < Bo$rn #ecr%-e Ro(e a" S"ra"e+%c (e'e( a!


Acco$n"%n+ con"r%-$"%on (%e %n %" a-%(%"%e "o )erfor* "hreeAcco$n"%n+ con"r%-$"%on (%e %n %" a-%(%"%e "o )erfor* "hree

f$nc"%onf$nc"%on

To ha)e "he )erce)"%on of #ec%%on *aer %n re(a"%on "o To ha)e "he )erce)"%on of #ec%%on *aer %n re(a"%on "o

"ra"e+%cJ %$e a" han#"ra"e+%cJ %$e a" han#

To )ro'%#e ear(/ ;arn%n+ "o creen%n+ o$r %rre(e'an" %nfor*a"%on To )ro'%#e ear(/ ;arn%n+ "o creen%n+ o$r %rre(e'an" %nfor*a"%on

"o re#$ce )erce%'e# "%*e )re$re an# $r)r%e"o re#$ce )erce%'e# "%*e )re$re an# $r)r%e

To -$@er "he %*)ac" an# co)e e@ec"%'e(/ ;%"h cr%e -/ h%f"%n+ To -$@er "he %*)ac" an# co)e e@ec"%'e(/ ;%"h cr%e -/ h%f"%n+

)r%or%"%e an# )erce)"%on "ha" re(/ on %nfor*a"%on %" )ro'%#e)r%or%"%e an# )erce)"%on "ha" re(/ on %nfor*a"%on %" )ro'%#e

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The 'a($e3crea"%n+, )o"en"%a( of acco$n"%n+ a" "he "ra"e+%c (e'e( The 'a($e3crea"%n+, )o"en"%a( of acco$n"%n+ a" "he "ra"e+%c (e'e(

;o$(# he()!;o$(# he()!

To #e'e(o) /"e* "o )ro'%#e a (earn%n+ *echan%* To #e'e(o) /"e* "o )ro'%#e a (earn%n+ *echan%*

"ha" +enera"e %#ea"ha" +enera"e %#ea

To ena-(e #ec%%on *aer "o %*)ro'e "he%r To ena-(e #ec%%on *aer "o %*)ro'e "he%r

$r'e%((ance ca)a-%(%"%e or "he%r ;or%n+ en'%ron*en"$r'e%((ance ca)a-%(%"%e or "he%r ;or%n+ en'%ron*en"

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Chan+eChan+e

T%*e T%*e

In"an" co**$n%ca"%on an# co*)$"a"%on 3 )ee#In"an" co**$n%ca"%on an# co*)$"a"%on 3 )ee#

S)aceS)ace

&ea"h of #%"ance&ea"h of #%"ance

MaMa

In"e+ra"e# Va($e are re#$c%n+ *aIn"e+ra"e# Va($e are re#$c%n+ *a

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Chan+eChan+e

C$rren" Va($e "o Or+an%.a"%onC$rren" Va($e "o Or+an%.a"%on

A-%(%"/ "o )roce "ranac"%onA-%(%"/ "o )roce "ranac"%on

Man%)$(a"e &a"aMan%)$(a"e &a"a&e'e(o) re)or" -ae# on h%"or%ca( #a"a&e'e(o) re)or" -ae# on h%"or%ca( #a"a

Ne; Ro(eNe; Ro(e

Va($e a##e# f$nc"%onVa($e a##e# f$nc"%on

&e'e(o) ne; -$%ne %n"e((%+ence an# #ec%%on&e'e(o) ne; -$%ne %n"e((%+ence an# #ec%%on

$))or" "oo( e"$))or" "oo( e"

A-nor*a( $erA-nor*a( $er

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Chan+eChan+e

Nee#Nee#

To re3en+%neer )rocee an# conce)"$a( fra*e;or To re3en+%neer )rocee an# conce)"$a( fra*e;or

To enhance "he e@ec"%'ene of "he ne; "oo( To enhance "he e@ec"%'ene of "he ne; "oo(

Chan+e %n "oo( e"Chan+e %n "oo( e"

$%(( "o -a(( )o%n" )en$%(( "o -a(( )o%n" )en

Le#+er -oo "o co*)$"er ;%"h #a"a -ae an#Le#+er -oo "o co*)$"er ;%"h #a"a -ae an#

)rea# hee")rea# hee"

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Chan+eChan+e

Ne; Too(Ne; Too(

Ar"%c%a( In"e((%+ence -ae# &ec%%on S$))or" S/"e*Ar"%c%a( In"e((%+ence -ae# &ec%%on S$))or" S/"e*

&a"a F%h%n+&a"a F%h%n+On3(%ne Ana(/"%ca( Proce%n+On3(%ne Ana(/"%ca( Proce%n+

&a"a ;areho$%n+&a"a ;areho$%n+

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To rea(%+n "he%r '%e; "o;ar# a )ar"%c$(ar #%rec"%on To rea(%+n "he%r '%e; "o;ar# a )ar"%c$(ar #%rec"%on

To ha'e "he )o;er "o h%f" )a""ern or or+an%.a"%ona( To ha'e "he )o;er "o h%f" )a""ern or or+an%.a"%ona(

'%%-%(%"/ o "ha" concern of "he e4"erna( ;or(# can'%%-%(%"/ o "ha" concern of "he e4"erna( ;or(# can

)er*ea"e an# %nK$ence %n"erna( or+an%.a"%ona( a@a%r)er*ea"e an# %nK$ence %n"erna( or+an%.a"%ona( a@a%r

To ac" a no;(e#+e *ana+er! To ac" a no;(e#+e *ana+er!

Acco$n"%n+ can )(a/ a ro(e %n "ra"e+%ca((/ chan+%n+Acco$n"%n+ can )(a/ a ro(e %n "ra"e+%ca((/ chan+%n+Mana+er%a( A;areneMana+er%a( A;arene

no;(e#+e % )o;erno;(e#+e % )o;erCo**$n%ca"%on /"e* are )o;er /"e*Co**$n%ca"%on /"e* are )o;er /"e*

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,A* C(*AT'%N,A* C(*AT'%N

ACM ' IEC Ra"%oACM ' IEC Ra"%o

Ae"Ae"

Co**erceCo**erce

Mare"Mare"

Tan+%-(e Tan+%-(e

Ph/%ca(Ph/%ca(

Na"%ona(Na"%ona(

In"an+%-(eIn"an+%-(e

E(ec"ron%cE(ec"ron%c

G(o-a(G(o-a(

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Perce%'e# %nec%enc/Perce%'e# %nec%enc/

Ne+(%+enceNe+(%+enceA" "%*e co(($%on ;%"h *ana+e*en"A" "%*e co(($%on ;%"h *ana+e*en"

A""e" f$nc"%on % "he ha(( *ar of "he )rofe%onA""e" f$nc"%on % "he ha(( *ar of "he )rofe%on

#e)%"e chan+e %n #e*an# -/ "he hareho(#er %n "he#e)%"e chan+e %n #e*an# -/ "he hareho(#er %n "he

na"$re an# )ee#na"$re an# )ee#

Ga) %n a))rec%a"%on of "he ro(e of a$#%"orGa) %n a))rec%a"%on of "he ro(e of a$#%"or

S$-ec" of c(oe re'%e; an# cr%"%c%* for!S$-ec" of c(oe re'%e; an# cr%"%c%* for!

A""e" F$nc"%onA""e" F$nc"%on

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A""e" F$nc"%onA""e" F$nc"%on

Core %$e for A$#%" f$nc"%onCore %$e for A$#%" f$nc"%on

Poor $#+*en"Poor $#+*en"

Inco*)e"enceInco*)e"ence

Ne+(%+enceNe+(%+ence

B$%ne con%#era"%on "a%n+ )rece#ence o'erB$%ne con%#era"%on "a%n+ )rece#ence o'er

Profe%ona( con%#era"%onProfe%ona( con%#era"%on

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Rea( concern a-o$" "he!Rea( concern a-o$" "he!

A#e5$ac/ of )roceeA#e5$ac/ of )rocee

Le'e( of %((Le'e( of %(( Tra%n%n+ an# #e'e(o)*en" Tra%n%n+ an# #e'e(o)*en"

$a(%"/ of e'%#ence$a(%"/ of e'%#ence

Va+$ene %n o)%n%on %nc($#%n+ concern a-o$"Va+$ene %n o)%n%on %nc($#%n+ concern a-o$"

%n#e)en#ence an# o-ec"%'%"/%n#e)en#ence an# o-ec"%'%"/

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T%*e(%ne T%*e(%ne

Tr$";or"h%ne Tr$";or"h%ne

Traec"or/ Traec"or/

The concern a-o$" "hee Ser'%ce ;ere #ecr%-e# -/ The concern a-o$" "hee Ser'%ce ;ere #ecr%-e# -/ ohn =h%"ne/ a fo((o;! ohn =h%"ne/ a fo((o;!

T%*e(%ne : Tra#%"%ona( Acco$n"%n+ % a f$../ T%*e(%ne : Tra#%"%ona( Acco$n"%n+ % a f$../

a))ro4%*a"%on of #%"an" )a" : Rea( "%*ea))ro4%*a"%on of #%"an" )a" : Rea( "%*e Tr$";or"h%ne re(a"e "o fa%($re of a n$*-er of Tr$";or"h%ne re(a"e "o fa%($re of a n$*-er of

co*)an%e fo((o;%n+ "he rece%)" of c(ean o)%n%onco*)an%e fo((o;%n+ "he rece%)" of c(ean o)%n%on

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38


Ae*en" of ;%((%n+ne of )eo)(e "o acce)" "hee con"ro(Ae*en" of ;%((%n+ne of )eo)(e "o acce)" "hee con"ro(

=%((%n+ne % #e"er*%ne# -/ "he na"$re an# n$*-er of=%((%n+ne % #e"er*%ne# -/ "he na"$re an# n$*-er of

con"ro(con"ro(Man can #efea" an/ /"e* *an can #e'%eMan can #efea" an/ /"e* *an can #e'%e

E@ec"%'ene of an/ con"ro( en'%ron*en" can no" -e aee#E@ec"%'ene of an/ con"ro( en'%ron*en" can no" -e aee#;%"ho$"!;%"ho$"!

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39


Tranac"%on Ser'%ce Tranac"%on Ser'%ce

Cor)ora"e F%nanceCor)ora"e F%nance

Foren%c Acco$n"%n+Foren%c Acco$n"%n+

Cor)ora"e Reco'er/Cor)ora"e Reco'er/

A$rance -ae#A$rance -ae#

A#'%or/ Ser'%ceA#'%or/ Ser'%ce

Mana+e*en" A$ranceMana+e*en" A$rance

Ser'%ceSer'%ce

no;(e#+e Mana+e*en"no;(e#+e Mana+e*en"

O"her Ro(e of Prac"%c%n+ Me*-erO"her Ro(e of Prac"%c%n+ Me*-er

Ta4 A#'%or/ an# Ta4 Ta4 A#'%or/ an# Ta4

Co*)(%anceCo*)(%ance

IT Con$("%n+IT Con$("%n+

B$%ne ProceB$%ne Proce

%*)ro'e*en"%*)ro'e*en"

S$))(/ cha%n *ana+e*en"S$))(/ cha%n *ana+e*en"

HR Con$("%n+HR Con$("%n+

ISO Con$("%n+ an#ISO Con$("%n+ an#Cer"%ca"%onCer"%ca"%on

=e- A$rance=e- A$rance


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40


P(ACT'C*SP(ACT'C*S

*NHANC'NG SK'S*NHANC'NG SK'S

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Co**$n%ca"%on : o)enne, "r$"Co**$n%ca"%on : o)enne, "r$" Tea* -$%(#%n+ Tea* -$%(#%n+

F(e4%-%(%"/F(e4%-%(%"/

S"ea#fa"neS"ea#fa"ne

InK$enceInK$ence

Fac%(%"a"%on S%((Fac%(%"a"%on S%((

E*o"%ona( %n"e((%+enceE*o"%ona( %n"e((%+ence

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Ro$"%ne %((Ro$"%ne %((Ana(/"%ca( an# #e%+n %((Ana(/"%ca( an# #e%+n %((

A))rec%a"%on %((A))rec%a"%on %((

Perona( %((Perona( %((

In"er)erona( %((In"er)erona( %((

Gra#$a( chan+e %n e*)ha% on +enera(Gra#$a( chan+e %n e*)ha% on +enera(

%((, co+n%"%'e an# -eha'%ora( %((%((, co+n%"%'e an# -eha'%ora( %((

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43


Se(f a;areneSe(f a;arene

Se(f re+$(a"%onSe(f re+$(a"%on

Mo"%'a"%onMo"%'a"%on

E*)a"h/E*)a"h/

Soc%a( S%((Soc%a( S%((

Core S%(( an# Co+n%"%'e S%(( are a+en" forCore S%(( an# Co+n%"%'e S%(( are a+en" for$cce$cce

E4ce((en" Perfor*ance % +rea"(/ #e)en#en" onE4ce((en" Perfor*ance % +rea"(/ #e)en#en" on

E*o"%ona( S%((E*o"%ona( S%(( Accor#%n+ "o Soc%o(o+%", a

Peron $cce re$(" fro*! 20 I>> 80 E>>

I> > : In"e((%+ence $o"%en" : A*ea$re of an %n#%'%#$a( a-%(%"/

"o (earn, $n#er"an# an# reaonE> > : E*o"%ona( $o"%en" :=h%ch *ea$re "he a-%(%"/ "ore(a"e "o o"her, "o $n#er"an#

onee(f an# $ef$((/ #%rec" onee*o"%on


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44


P(ACT'C*SP(ACT'C*S


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45


Ra%e "an#ar# %n E"h%cRa%e "an#ar# %n E"h%c

Ra%e 5$a(%"/ of E#$ca"%on an# Tra%n%n+Ra%e 5$a(%"/ of E#$ca"%on an# Tra%n%n+Con"%n$e e*)ha% on enhanc%n+ )rofe%ona(Con"%n$e e*)ha% on enhanc%n+ )rofe%ona(

co*)e"enc/ an# CP&co*)e"enc/ an# CP&

P(an for S%(( #e'e(o)*en" for e4)an#%n+ ro(eP(an for S%(( #e'e(o)*en" for e4)an#%n+ ro(e

Foc$ "ra%n%n+ on #e"ec"%on for nanc%a( fra$# an#Foc$ "ra%n%n+ on #e"ec"%on for nanc%a( fra$# an#*one/ (a$n#er%n+*one/ (a$n#er%n+

G(o-a( an# Re+%ona( con"r%-$"%onG(o-a( an# Re+%ona( con"r%-$"%on

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46


Foc$ on enhanc%n+ cor)ora"e e"h%c for "he en"%reFoc$ on enhanc%n+ cor)ora"e e"h%c for "he en"%re

F%nanc%a( Re)or"%n+ cha%nF%nanc%a( Re)or"%n+ cha%nS"ren+"hen $a(%"/ Con"ro( an# %n#e)en#en" o'er%+h"S"ren+"hen $a(%"/ Con"ro( an# %n#e)en#en" o'er%+h"

Na"%ona( Acco$n"%n+ -o#%e can no" con"%n$e "o ac" %nNa"%ona( Acco$n"%n+ -o#%e can no" con"%n$e "o ac" %n

%o(a"%on an# ha'e "o co((a-ora"e "o )ro'%#e (ea#erh%)%o(a"%on an# ha'e "o co((a-ora"e "o )ro'%#e (ea#erh%)

"o "he )rofe%on"o "he )rofe%on

G(o-a( an# Re+%ona( con"r%-$"%onG(o-a( an# Re+%ona( con"r%-$"%on

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A$#%" )(a/ a 'a($a-(e ro(e %n +o'ernance an# nanc%a(A$#%" )(a/ a 'a($a-(e ro(e %n +o'ernance an# nanc%a(

re)or"%n+re)or"%n+

A "ron+ -$%ne (e# Acco$n"%n+ Profe%on %A "ron+ -$%ne (e# Acco$n"%n+ Profe%on %

%*)or"an" for *are" con#ence%*)or"an" for *are" con#ence

The )rofe%on % )$-(%c(/ acco$n"a-(e an# o$r ro(e a The )rofe%on % )$-(%c(/ acco$n"a-(e an# o$r ro(e a

A$#%"or % "o $n#er)%n con#enceA$#%"or % "o $n#er)%n con#ence

The Va($e of A$#%" The Va($e of A$#%"

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48


Mae )rofe%ona( $#+*en" on "he %n"e+r%"/ of %nfor*a"%onMae )rofe%ona( $#+*en" on "he %n"e+r%"/ of %nfor*a"%on

"ha" #e(%'er acc$ra"e re)or"%n+ an# +o'ernance"ha" #e(%'er acc$ra"e re)or"%n+ an# +o'ernance

"ha" ena-(e )eo)(e "o *ae nanc%a( #ec%%on"ha" ena-(e )eo)(e "o *ae nanc%a( #ec%%on-ae# on "he h%+he" "echn%ca( an# e"h%ca( "an#ar#-ae# on "he h%+he" "echn%ca( an# e"h%ca( "an#ar#

"ha" on ;h%ch -a% a oc%e"/ #e)en# for e@ec"%'e"ha" on ;h%ch -a% a oc%e"/ #e)en# for e@ec"%'e

o)era"%ono)era"%on

"ha" *ee" )eo)(e nee# an# a)%ra"%on"ha" *ee" )eo)(e nee# an# a)%ra"%on

The Va($e of A$#%" The Va($e of A$#%"

=e(( )erfor*e# a$#%" ;%(( con"%n$e "o )(a/ a 'a($a-(e=e(( )erfor*e# a$#%" ;%(( con"%n$e "o )(a/ a 'a($a-(e

ro(e %n +o'ernance an# %n nanc%a( re)or"%n+ >ro(e %n +o'ernance an# %n nanc%a( re)or"%n+ >

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S"an#ar#%.e "he %n"ae e(%+%-%(%"/, c$rr%c$($* an#S"an#ar#%.e "he %n"ae e(%+%-%(%"/, c$rr%c$($* an#

Tra%n%n+ Re+$(a"%on : Con'er+ence of Learn%n+ an# Tra%n%n+ Re+$(a"%on : Con'er+ence of Learn%n+ an#

Profe%ona( &e'e(o)*en"Profe%ona( &e'e(o)*en"

Enco$ra+e %n"e+ra"%on of F%r* e%"her "o *er+e orEnco$ra+e %n"e+ra"%on of F%r* e%"her "o *er+e or

en"er %n"o ne";or F%r* re(a"%onh%) "o ena-(e "heen"er %n"o ne";or F%r* re(a"%onh%) "o ena-(e "he

F%r* "o )ro'%#e "he h%+h 5$a(%"/ #e)"h an# -rea#"hF%r* "o )ro'%#e "he h%+h 5$a(%"/ #e)"h an# -rea#"h

of er'%ce re5$%re# -/ "he *are" )(aceof er'%ce re5$%re# -/ "he *are" )(ace

Va($e crea"%on -/ S"r$c"$ra( Refor*Va($e crea"%on -/ S"r$c"$ra( Refor*

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50


Con"%n$e foc$ on E"h%c an# In#e)en#enceCon"%n$e foc$ on E"h%c an# In#e)en#ence&e'e(o) a )roac"%'e ro(e %n ha)%n+ an# #e'e(o)%n+ "he&e'e(o) a )roac"%'e ro(e %n ha)%n+ an# #e'e(o)%n+ "he

Re+$(a"or/ re)one an# chan+eRe+$(a"or/ re)one an# chan+e

P(a/ an ac"%'e ro(e %n +(o-a( "an#ar# e""%n+ -o#%eP(a/ an ac"%'e ro(e %n +(o-a( "an#ar# e""%n+ -o#%e

En$re "ha" ;e can con"%n$e "o a""rac" h%+h 5$a(%"/ )eo)(eEn$re "ha" ;e can con"%n$e "o a""rac" h%+h 5$a(%"/ )eo)(e

Va($e crea"%on -/ S"r$c"$ra( Refor*Va($e crea"%on -/ S"r$c"$ra( Refor*

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51


Ca(c$(a"%'e an# '%%-%(%"/ e(e*en" co*-%ne# can -eCa(c$(a"%'e an# '%%-%(%"/ e(e*en" co*-%ne# can -e

a )o"en" ;ea)on for 'a($e crea"%ona )o"en" ;ea)on for 'a($e crea"%on

Be%n+ a-(e "o con'er" %#ea %n"o 'a($e, acco$n"%n+Be%n+ a-(e "o con'er" %#ea %n"o 'a($e, acco$n"%n+

can -e $e# a %n"r$*en" of or+an%.a"%ona(can -e $e# a %n"r$*en" of or+an%.a"%ona(+o'ernance an# con"ro(+o'ernance an# con"ro(

A" o)era"%ona( (e'e( *an/ ac"%'%"%e can -e -ro$+h"A" o)era"%ona( (e'e( *an/ ac"%'%"%e can -e -ro$+h"

%n"o ca(c$(a"%'e )here%n"o ca(c$(a"%'e )here

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Ne; or+an%.a"%ona( %n"er#e)en#enc%e can -eNe; or+an%.a"%ona( %n"er#e)en#enc%e can -e

crea"e# an# co$)(%n+ -e";een acco$n"%n+ an#crea"e# an# co$)(%n+ -e";een acco$n"%n+ an#

o"her )here or or+an%.a"%on can -e for+e#o"her )here or or+an%.a"%on can -e for+e#

Thee %n%"%a"%'e can )$" acco$n"%n+ an# Thee %n%"%a"%'e can )$" acco$n"%n+ an#%nfor*a"%on /"e* %" crea"e, "o -e $e# a ac"%'e%nfor*a"%on /"e* %" crea"e, "o -e $e# a ac"%'e

)ar"%c%)an" an# %*)or"an" %n"r$*en" "o ar"%c$(a"e)ar"%c%)an" an# %*)or"an" %n"r$*en" "o ar"%c$(a"e

ac"%on an# crea"e 'a($e for "he or+an%.a"%onac"%on an# crea"e 'a($e for "he or+an%.a"%on

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53


A" "ra"e+%c (e'e( acco$n"%n+ con"r%-$"%on (%e %n %" a-%(%"/ "oA" "ra"e+%c (e'e( acco$n"%n+ con"r%-$"%on (%e %n %" a-%(%"/ "o)erfor* "hree f$nc"%on for #ec%%on *aer)erfor* "hree f$nc"%on for #ec%%on *aer

Sha)e )erce)"%on %n re(a"%on "o "ra"e+%c %$e a"Sha)e )erce)"%on %n re(a"%on "o "ra"e+%c %$e a"

han#han#

Pro'%#e ear(/ ;arn%n+ -/ creen%n+ o$" %rre(e'an"Pro'%#e ear(/ ;arn%n+ -/ creen%n+ o$" %rre(e'an"

%nfor*a"%on "o re#$ce )erce%'e# "%*e )re$re an#%nfor*a"%on "o re#$ce )erce%'e# "%*e )re$re an#

$r)r%e$r)r%e

B$@er %*)ac" an# co)e e@ec"%'e(/ ;%"h cr%e -/B$@er %*)ac" an# co)e e@ec"%'e(/ ;%"h cr%e -/

h%f"%n+ )r%or%"%e an# )erce)"%on "ha" re(/ onh%f"%n+ )r%or%"%e an# )erce)"%on "ha" re(/ on

%nfor*a"%on %" )ro'%#e%nfor*a"%on %" )ro'%#e

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Acco$n"%n+ can a(o ac" a chan+e a+en"Acco$n"%n+ can a(o ac" a chan+e a+en"I" ha )o;er "o h%f" )a""ern of or+an%.a"%on '%%-%(%"/ o "ha"I" ha )o;er "o h%f" )a""ern of or+an%.a"%on '%%-%(%"/ o "ha"

concern of "he e4"erna( ;or(# can )er*ea"e an# %nK$enceconcern of "he e4"erna( ;or(# can )er*ea"e an# %nK$ence

%n"erna( or+an%.a"%ona( a@a%r%n"erna( or+an%.a"%ona( a@a%r

I" *$" )ro'%#e no" on(/ %n"erna( #a"a -$" a(o )ro'%#eI" *$" )ro'%#e no" on(/ %n"erna( #a"a -$" a(o )ro'%#e%nfor*a"%on concern%n+ or+an%.a"%on *are" an#%nfor*a"%on concern%n+ or+an%.a"%on *are" an#

co*)e"%"orco*)e"%"or

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Chan+e %n *%n#e"Chan+e %n *%n#e"

B$%(# c$("$re of con"%n$o$ %*)ro'e*en" an# 'a($e crea"%onB$%(# c$("$re of con"%n$o$ %*)ro'e*en" an# 'a($e crea"%on

Ma"er%n+ ne; ro(e re5$%re *ore "han (earn%n+ ne; %((, %"Ma"er%n+ ne; ro(e re5$%re *ore "han (earn%n+ ne; %((, %"en"a%(en"a%(

E*-race ana(/% an# 'a($e a##%"%on %n %" or%en"a"%onE*-race ana(/% an# 'a($e a##%"%on %n %" or%en"a"%on

Be con$("a"%'e -$%ne )ar"ner an# a#'%or aBe con$("a"%'e -$%ne )ar"ner an# a#'%or a

)ar"%c%)an" an# (ea#er %n #ec%%on *a%n+)ar"%c%)an" an# (ea#er %n #ec%%on *a%n+

Be "ra"e+%ca((/3or%en"e# an# foc$ on )erfor*anceBe "ra"e+%ca((/3or%en"e# an# foc$ on )erfor*ance

enhance*en"enhance*en"

F%nance F$nc"%on %n ne; *%((enn%$* ;%((F%nance F$nc"%on %n ne; *%((enn%$* ;%((

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-$%ne )roce ana(/%-$%ne )roce ana(/%

-$%ne )roce re#e%+n an# %*)ro'e*en"-$%ne )roce re#e%+n an# %*)ro'e*en"

'a($e )ro(%n+'a($e )ro(%n+

"ra"e+%c co" ana(/%"ra"e+%c co" ana(/%

ca)ac%"/ ana(/%ca)ac%"/ ana(/%

a#'ance# co" *ana+e*en" "echn%5$ea#'ance# co" *ana+e*en" "echn%5$e

-ench*ar%n+-ench*ar%n+

ac"%'%"/ )ro(%n+ac"%'%"/ )ro(%n+

'a($e3cha%n ana(/%'a($e3cha%n ana(/%

=ha" *$" -e no;n "o "hoe ;ho ee "o )ar"%c%)a"e=ha" *$" -e no;n "o "hoe ;ho ee "o )ar"%c%)a"e%n "he C/c(e of Learn%n+%n "he C/c(e of Learn%n+

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=ha" *$" -e no;n "o "hoe ;ho ee "o )ar"%c%)a"e=ha" *$" -e no;n "o "hoe ;ho ee "o )ar"%c%)a"e%n "he C/c(e of Learn%n+%n "he C/c(e of Learn%n+

-o""(enec an# Ko; *ana+e*en"-o""(enec an# Ko; *ana+e*en"

chan+e *ana+e*en"chan+e *ana+e*en"

co*)e"%"%'e ana(/%co*)e"%"%'e ana(/%

%nfor*a"%on /"e* #e%+n%nfor*a"%on /"e* #e%+n

%n"e+ra"e# )erfor*ance *ea$re*en"%n"e+ra"e# )erfor*ance *ea$re*en"

co" ana(/% an# "he #e'e(o)*en" of co" "a-(eco" ana(/% an# "he #e'e(o)*en" of co" "a-(e

o)era"%ona( )roce ana(/% an# re#e%+no)era"%ona( )roce ana(/% an# re#e%+n

"ar+e" an# (%fe3c/c(%n+ co"%n+"ar+e" an# (%fe3c/c(%n+ co"%n+


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P(ACT'C*SP(ACT'C*S

C%NCS'%NSC%NCS'%NS

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C%NCS'%NSC%NCS'%NS

Acco$n"anc/ Profe%on "%(( ha a +rea" )o"en"%a( an# %"Acco$n"anc/ Profe%on "%(( ha a +rea" )o"en"%a( an# %"

ha ho;n "re*en#o$ a*o$n" of re%(%ence "o a%(ha ho;n "re*en#o$ a*o$n" of re%(%ence "o a%(

"hro$+h e'ere cr%e"hro$+h e'ere cr%e

The #/na*%* of "he )rofe%on % %" *aor "ren+"h The #/na*%* of "he )rofe%on % %" *aor "ren+"h

The +(o-a( con'er+ence of "he Acco$n"%n+, Re)or"%n+ an# The +(o-a( con'er+ence of "he Acco$n"%n+, Re)or"%n+ an#

A$#%"%n+ S"an#ar# % crea"%n+ a +(o-a( co**on (an+$a+eA$#%"%n+ S"an#ar# % crea"%n+ a +(o-a( co**on (an+$a+e

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C%NCS'%NSC%NCS'%NS

For "he Va($e Crea"%on, "he co((a-ora"%on on a G(o-a( -a%For "he Va($e Crea"%on, "he co((a-ora"%on on a G(o-a( -a%%n +enera( an# on a Re+%ona( -a% %n )ar"%c$(ar % a e/%n +enera( an# on a Re+%ona( -a% %n )ar"%c$(ar % a e/

)re3re5$%%"e> S$ch an e@or" ha "o -e #%rec"e# "o en$re!)re3re5$%%"e> S$ch an e@or" ha "o -e #%rec"e# "o en$re!

H%+h $a(%"/ E#$ca"%onH%+h $a(%"/ E#$ca"%on

Ro-$" C$rr%c$($*Ro-$" C$rr%c$($*Enhance# S%(( #e'e(o)*en"Enhance# S%(( #e'e(o)*en"

S"r$c"$re# an# )ar"%c%)a"%'e R%+oro$ Tra%n%n+S"r$c"$re# an# )ar"%c%)a"%'e R%+oro$ Tra%n%n+

)roce)roce

In#e)en#en" an# "ran)aren" $a(%"/ Con"ro( )roceIn#e)en#en" an# "ran)aren" $a(%"/ Con"ro( )roce

In#e)en#en" &%c%)(%nar/ )roceIn#e)en#en" &%c%)(%nar/ )roce

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C%NCS'%NSC%NCS'%NS

Proac"%'e )roce of In"%"$"%ona( re)one "oProac"%'e )roce of In"%"$"%ona( re)one "o

#e*an# for er'%ce#e*an# for er'%ceP$-(%c%"/ )(an "o narro; )erce)"%on +a)P$-(%c%"/ )(an "o narro; )erce)"%on +a)

Mo'e "o;ar# %n"erna"%ona( 5$a(%ca"%onMo'e "o;ar# %n"erna"%ona( 5$a(%ca"%on

Concen"ra"e "o reo('e (%a-%(%"/ %$e : Banner*anConcen"ra"e "o reo('e (%a-%(%"/ %$e : Banner*an

cae, =e"ern S"ar cae : re3#%c(a%*er "o "h%r#cae, =e"ern S"ar cae : re3#%c(a%*er "o "h%r#

)ar"%e)ar"%e

C% C S % S

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C%NCS'%NSC%NCS'%NS

SAARC Re+%on!SAARC Re+%on! To f$((/ e4)(o%" "he #e*o+ra)h%c a#'an"a+e, )(an are To f$((/ e4)(o%" "he #e*o+ra)h%c a#'an"a+e, )(an are

re5$%re# "o!re5$%re# "o!

A""rac" -e" "a(en"A""rac" -e" "a(en"

Con'er+e C$rr%c$($* an# Tra%n%n+ )roceCon'er+e C$rr%c$($* an# Tra%n%n+ )roce

&e'e(o) Po" $a(%ca"%on S)ec%a(%.a"%on "rea*&e'e(o) Po" $a(%ca"%on S)ec%a(%.a"%on "rea*

Foc$ on *ana+e*en" an# *$("%3f$nc"%on %(( e"Foc$ on *ana+e*en" an# *$("%3f$nc"%on %(( e"

Concen"ra"e on #e'e(o)%n+ enhance# %(( e"Concen"ra"e on #e'e(o)%n+ enhance# %(( e"

%nc($#%n+ QE*o"%ona( In"e((%+ence%nc($#%n+ QE*o"%ona( In"e((%+ence

C%NCS'%NS

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C%NCS'%NSC%NCS'%NS

The #/na*%c 'a($e crea"%on ca)a-%(%"/ an# )o"en"%a( of "he The #/na*%c 'a($e crea"%on ca)a-%(%"/ an# )o"en"%a( of "he

Profe%on ;h%ch ha "he core 'a($e of %n"e+r%"/ an# e"h%cProfe%on ;h%ch ha "he core 'a($e of %n"e+r%"/ an# e"h%c

a %" "ron+ roo" ;o$(# en$re "ha" %" con"%n$e "o re*a%na %" "ron+ roo" ;o$(# en$re "ha" %" con"%n$e "o re*a%n

a (ea#%n+ an# )re*%er )rofe%on %n "he ";en"/ r" cen"$r/>a (ea#%n+ an# )re*%er )rofe%on %n "he ";en"/ r" cen"$r/>

=e a Acco$n"an" are eno/%n+ $n%5$e )r%'%(e+e, %nc($#%n+=e a Acco$n"an" are eno/%n+ $n%5$e )r%'%(e+e, %nc($#%n+

*ono)o(/ %n cer"a%n re)ec", )ro'%#e# "ha" ;e *a%n"a%n o$r*ono)o(/ %n cer"a%n re)ec", )ro'%#e# "ha" ;e *a%n"a%n o$rco**%"*en" "o $a(%"/, Tran)arenc/, E"h%c an# In"e+r%"/>co**%"*en" "o $a(%"/, Tran)arenc/, E"h%c an# In"e+r%"/>

C% C S % SC%NCS'%NS

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C%NCS'%NSC%NCS'%NS

O$r -%++e" QAe" ha -een "he QTr$" an# QCon#enceO$r -%++e" QAe" ha -een "he QTr$" an# QCon#ence

re)oe# %n $ -/ "he oc%e"/ a" (ar+e an# o$r *%%on % no" on(/re)oe# %n $ -/ "he oc%e"/ a" (ar+e an# o$r *%%on % no" on(/"o )reer'e "h% QAe" -$" con"%n$e "o enhance %" fa%r 'a($e"o )reer'e "h% QAe" -$" con"%n$e "o enhance %" fa%r 'a($e

for a(( "ae ho(#er %n )ar"%c$(ar an# )$-(%c a" (ar+e %n +enera(>for a(( "ae ho(#er %n )ar"%c$(ar an# )$-(%c a" (ar+e %n +enera(>

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Than; youThan; you

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The information contained herein is of a general nature and is not intended to address the circumstances of any particular ind ividual or entity !lthough"e endeavor to provide accurate and timely information# there can $e no guarantee that such information is accurate as of the date it is received or thatit "ill continue to $e accurate in the future %o one should act on such information "ithout appropriate professional advice after a thorough e&aminationof the particular situation

200 PMG Taeer Ha#% < Co>, "he Pa%"an *e*-er r* of PMG In"erna"%ona(, a S;% coo)era"%'e> A(( r%+h" reer'e#> Pr%n"e# %n Pa%"an> The PMG (o+o an# na*e are "ra#e*ar of PMG In"erna"%ona(>

Presenter:" ?"6@ 8$ $49

3naqvi;!32.co33naqvi;!32.co3

BBB.;!32.co3.!; BBB.;!32.co3.!;

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So*e Re+$(a"or/ re+%*e fo((o; "he #%c"%onSo*e Re+$(a"or/ re+%*e fo((o; "he #%c"%on"ha" Re+$(a"or nee# no" "o e4)(a%n>"ha" Re+$(a"or nee# no" "o e4)(a%n>

$(%$ Ceaar : Scene ;here &ec%$ %*)(ore $(%$ Ceaar : Scene ;here &ec%$ %*)(ore

Ceaar a"(ea" "o e4)(a%n ;h/ he ;%(( no"Ceaar a"(ea" "o e4)(a%n ;h/ he ;%(( no"co*e "o "he Sena"e> Mo" *%+h"/ Ceaar, (e"co*e "o "he Sena"e> Mo" *%+h"/ Ceaar, (e"

*e no; o*e ca$e (e" I -e (a$+he# a"*e no; o*e ca$e (e" I -e (a$+he# a"

;hen I "e(( "he* o, Ceaar re)(%e# The;hen I "e(( "he* o, Ceaar re)(%e# The

ca$e % */ ;%((! I ;%(( no" co*e "ha" %ca$e % */ ;%((! I ;%(( no" co*e "ha" %eno$+h "o a"%f/ "he Sena"e>eno$+h "o a"%f/ "he Sena"e>

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P$-(%c e4)ec"a"%on *a""er> If "here % anP$-(%c e4)ec"a"%on *a""er> If "here % an

e4)ec"a"%on +a) "he )ro-(e* % no" "ha" "hee4)ec"a"%on +a) "he )ro-(e* % no" "ha" "he

o$"%#er #on" $n#er"an# ;ha" )rofe%ona(o$"%#er #on" $n#er"an# ;ha" )rofe%ona(

#o, o "he e4)ec"a"%on +a) % an %n'%"a"%on "o#o, o "he e4)ec"a"%on +a) % an %n'%"a"%on "o

%*)ro'e /o$r e#$ca"%on o "ha" o$"%#er%*)ro'e /o$r e#$ca"%on o "ha" o$"%#er

%*)(/ $n#er"an# -e""er >%*)(/ $n#er"an# -e""er >

')AC G%A S(,*0 1')AC G%A S(,*0 1

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')AC G%A S(,*0 C%(P%(AT* G%,*(NANC*C%(P%(AT* G%,*(NANC*

Cor)ora"e +o'ernance ha %*)ro'e# an# "he -a(anceCor)ora"e +o'ernance ha %*)ro'e# an# "he -a(ance

-e";een co" an# -ene" ha -eco*e -e""er-e";een co" an# -ene" ha -eco*e -e""er

POSITIVESPOSITIVES

Increae# a;arene "ha" +oo# +o'ernance co$n"Increae# a;arene "ha" +oo# +o'ernance co$n"

Ne; co#e an# "an#ar#Ne; co#e an# "an#ar#

I*)ro'e# -oar# "r$c"$reI*)ro'e# -oar# "r$c"$reI*)ro'e# r% *ana+e*en" an# %n"erna( con"ro(I*)ro'e# r% *ana+e*en" an# %n"erna( con"ro(

Increae# #%c(o$re an# "ran)arenc/Increae# #%c(o$re an# "ran)arenc/

')AC G%A S(,*0 1')AC G%A S(,*0 1

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C G % SC%(P%(AT* G%,*(NANC*C%(P%(AT* G%,*(NANC*

AREAS OF CONCERNAREAS OF CONCERN

Go'ernance %n na*e -$" no" %n )%r%"Go'ernance %n na*e -$" no" %n )%r%"

&e'e(o)*en" of a chec(%" *en"a(%"/&e'e(o)*en" of a chec(%" *en"a(%"/

O'erre+$(a"%onO'erre+$(a"%on

Perona( r% an# (%a-%(%"/ for #%rec"or an# *ana+e*en"Perona( r% an# (%a-%(%"/ for #%rec"or an# *ana+e*en"

')AC G%A S(,*0 1')AC G%A S(,*0 1

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C%(P%(AT* G%,*(NANC*C%(P%(AT* G%,*(NANC*

FURTHER IMPROVEMENTSFURTHER IMPROVEMENTS

Con"%n$e "o foc$ on -eha'%o$ra( an# c$("$ra( a)ec" ofCon"%n$e "o foc$ on -eha'%o$ra( an# c$("$ra( a)ec" of

+o'ernance+o'ernance

Re'%e; e4%"%n+ r$(eRe'%e; e4%"%n+ r$(e

F$r"her %*)ro'e 5$a(%"/ of #%rec"orF$r"her %*)ro'e 5$a(%"/ of #%rec"or

Be""er re(a"e re*$nera"%on "o )erfor*anceBe""er re(a"e re*$nera"%on "o )erfor*ance

E4)an# '%e; fro* co*)(%ance +o'ernance "o -$%neE4)an# '%e; fro* co*)(%ance +o'ernance "o -$%ne

+o'ernance+o'ernance

')AC G%A S(,*0 1')AC G%A S(,*0 1

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)'NANC'A (*P%(T'NG P(%C*SS)'NANC'A (*P%(T'NG P(%C*SS

POSITIVESPOSITIVES

Con'er+ence "o a %n+(e e" of +(o-a( nanc%a( re)or"%n+Con'er+ence "o a %n+(e e" of +(o-a( nanc%a( re)or"%n+

"an#ar#"an#ar#

I*)ro'e*en" "o re+$(a"%on an# o'er%+h"I*)ro'e*en" "o re+$(a"%on an# o'er%+h"

Boar# of #%rec"or*ana+e*en" "a%n+ o;nerh%) ofBoar# of #%rec"or*ana+e*en" "a%n+ o;nerh%) of

nanc%a( re)or"%n+nanc%a( re)or"%n+

I*)ro'e# %n"erna( con"ro( o'er nanc%a( re)or"%n+ /"e*I*)ro'e# %n"erna( con"ro( o'er nanc%a( re)or"%n+ /"e*

I*)ro'e# "echno(o+/ for )re)ar%n+ nanc%a( re)or"I*)ro'e# "echno(o+/ for )re)ar%n+ nanc%a( re)or"

The nanc%a( re)or"%n+ )roce ha %*)ro'e# an# "he The nanc%a( re)or"%n+ )roce ha %*)ro'e# an# "he-a(ance -e";een co" an# -ene" % a-o$" "he a*e-a(ance -e";een co" an# -ene" % a-o$" "he a*e

')AC G%A S(,*0 1')AC G%A S(,*0 1

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Tran%"%on "o In"erna"%ona( F%nanc%a( Re)or"%n+ S"an#ar# IFRSJ Tran%"%on "o In"erna"%ona( F%nanc%a( Re)or"%n+ S"an#ar# IFRSJCo*)(/%n+reconc%(%n+ acco$n" "o #%@eren" nanc%a( re)or"%n+Co*)(/%n+reconc%(%n+ acco$n" "o #%@eren" nanc%a( re)or"%n+

"an#ar#"an#ar#

Co*)(e4%"/ of nanc%a( re)or"%n+ "an#ar#Co*)(e4%"/ of nanc%a( re)or"%n+ "an#ar#

L%a-%(%"/ re"r%c"%n+ )roceL%a-%(%"/ re"r%c"%n+ )roce

')AC G%A S(,*0 1')AC G%A S(,*0 1

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Con"%n$e con'er+ence "o one e" of nanc%a( re)or"%n+ "an#ar#Con"%n$e con'er+ence "o one e" of nanc%a( re)or"%n+ "an#ar#S%*)(%f/ an# c(ar%f/ nanc%a( re)or"%n+ "an#ar# : *oreS%*)(%f/ an# c(ar%f/ nanc%a( re)or"%n+ "an#ar# : *ore

)r%nc%)(e an# fe;er r$(e)r%nc%)(e an# fe;er r$(e

En$re "ha" -oar# of #%rec"or )a/ a""en"%on "o "he 5$a(%"/ ofEn$re "ha" -oar# of #%rec"or )a/ a""en"%on "o "he 5$a(%"/ of

nanc%a( re)or"nanc%a( re)or"

Pro'%#e a##%"%ona( e#$ca"%on an# "ra%n%n+ for )re)arerPro'%#e a##%"%ona( e#$ca"%on an# "ra%n%n+ for )re)arer

')AC G%A S(,*0 1')AC G%A S(,*0 1

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A+'T %) )'NANC'A (*P%(TSA+'T %) )'NANC'A (*P%(TS

POSITIVESPOSITIVESI*)ro'e# a$#%"%n+ "an#ar# an# )roceeI*)ro'e# a$#%"%n+ "an#ar# an# )rocee

Increae# a;arene, co**%"*en" an# co*)e"ence ofIncreae# a;arene, co**%"*en" an# co*)e"ence of

a$#%"or an# a$#%" co**%""eea$#%"or an# a$#%" co**%""ee

More r%3foc$e# a$#%"More r%3foc$e# a$#%"

Grea"er a$#%"or %n#e)en#enceGrea"er a$#%"or %n#e)en#ence

I*)ro'e# 5$a(%"/ re'%e; an# a$#%"or o'er%+h"I*)ro'e# 5$a(%"/ re'%e; an# a$#%"or o'er%+h"

The a$#%" of nanc%a( re)or" ha %*)ro'e# an# "he -a(ance The a$#%" of nanc%a( re)or" ha %*)ro'e# an# "he -a(ance

-e";een co" an# -ene" % a-o$" "he a*e-e";een co" an# -ene" % a-o$" "he a*e

')AC G%A S(,*0 1')AC G%A S(,*0 1

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Re#$ce# co)e for )rofe%ona( $#+*en"Re#$ce# co)e for )rofe%ona( $#+*en"

O'erre+$(a"%onO'erre+$(a"%on

L%a-%(%"/ fear (ea#%n+ "o -o%(er)(a"e a$#%" an# (ac of %nno'a"%onL%a-%(%"/ fear (ea#%n+ "o -o%(er)(a"e a$#%" an# (ac of %nno'a"%on

L%*%"e# a$#%"or co**$n%ca"%on ;%"h e4"erna( "aeho(#erL%*%"e# a$#%"or co**$n%ca"%on ;%"h e4"erna( "aeho(#er

L%*%"e# cho%ce of a$#%" r*L%*%"e# cho%ce of a$#%" r*

Increae# a$#%" co" re(a"%'e "o )erce%'e# -ene"Increae# a$#%" co" re(a"%'e "o )erce%'e# -ene"

')AC G%A S(,*0 1')AC G%A S(,*0 1

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Con"%n$e "o foc$ on %n#e)en#ence, o-ec"%'%"/ an# %n"e+r%"/Con"%n$e "o foc$ on %n#e)en#ence, o-ec"%'%"/ an# %n"e+r%"/

Con'er+e "o one e" of +(o-a(, )r%nc%)(e3-ae# a$#%"%n+Con'er+e "o one e" of +(o-a(, )r%nc%)(e3-ae# a$#%"%n+

"an#ar# o'er "%*e"an#ar# o'er "%*e

En$re con%"en" $e of a$#%" "an#ar# an# afe+$ar#%n+En$re con%"en" $e of a$#%" "an#ar# an# afe+$ar#%n+

of 5$a(%"/ ;%"h%n a$#%" r*of 5$a(%"/ ;%"h%n a$#%" r*

I*)ro'e a$#%"or co**$n%ca"%on, -o"h %n"erna((/ an#I*)ro'e a$#%"or co**$n%ca"%on, -o"h %n"erna((/ an#

e4"erna((/e4"erna((/

Con%#er (%*%"e#)ro)or"%ona( (%a-%(%"/ for a$#%"orCon%#er (%*%"e#)ro)or"%ona( (%a-%(%"/ for a$#%"or

Re*o'e -arr%er "ha" (%*%" cho%ce of a$#%"orRe*o'e -arr%er "ha" (%*%" cho%ce of a$#%"or

')AC G%A S(,*0 1')AC G%A S(,*0 1

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S*)N*SS %) )'NANC'A (*P%(TSS*)N*SS %) )'NANC'A (*P%(TS

The re(e'ance an# re(%a-%(%"/ of nanc%a( re)or" The re(e'ance an# re(%a-%(%"/ of nanc%a( re)or"ha'e %*)ro'e#, -$" "he $n#er"an#a-%(%"/ ofha'e %*)ro'e#, -$" "he $n#er"an#a-%(%"/ of

nanc%a( re)or" ha no" %*)ro'e#> Re)on#en"nanc%a( re)or" ha no" %*)ro'e#> Re)on#en"

)referre# ann$a( re)or" "o rea( "%*e or *on"h(/)referre# ann$a( re)or" "o rea( "%*e or *on"h(/%nfor*a"%on, fo$n# ana(/" )reen"a"%on $ef$(,%nfor*a"%on, fo$n# ana(/" )reen"a"%on $ef$(,

an# ;o$(# (%e "o ha'e *ore -$%ne3#r%'enan# ;o$(# (%e "o ha'e *ore -$%ne3#r%'en

%nfor*a"%on> The $r'e/ a(o ho;e# *%4e#%nfor*a"%on> The $r'e/ a(o ho;e# *%4e#re$(" a-o$" "he $ef$(ne of BRL> Inre$(" a-o$" "he $ef$(ne of BRL> In

a##%"%on, )a)er nanc%a( re)or" re*a%n $ef$(>a##%"%on, )a)er nanc%a( re)or" re*a%n $ef$(>

')AC G%A S(,*0 1')AC G%A S(,*0 1

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POSITIVESPOSITIVES

Be""er nanc%a( %nfor*a"%on #$e "o %*)ro'e# "an#ar#,Be""er nanc%a( %nfor*a"%on #$e "o %*)ro'e# "an#ar#,

re+$(a"%on an# o'er%+h"re+$(a"%on an# o'er%+h"More #%c(o$re an# co*)ara-%(%"/ %n nanc%a( re)or"More #%c(o$re an# co*)ara-%(%"/ %n nanc%a( re)or"

I*)ro'e# re(%a-%(%"/I*)ro'e# re(%a-%(%"/

Increae# e*)ha% on narra"%'e re)or"%n+Increae# e*)ha% on narra"%'e re)or"%n+

Ea%er acce "o nanc%a( %nfor*a"%onEa%er acce "o nanc%a( %nfor*a"%on

')AC G%A S(,*0 1')AC G%A S(,*0 1

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Re#$ce# $ef$(ne #$e "o co*)(e4%"/Re#$ce# $ef$(ne #$e "o co*)(e4%"/

Foc$ -/ co*)an%e on co*)(%ance %n"ea# of eenceFoc$ -/ co*)an%e on co*)(%ance %n"ea# of eenceof "he -$%neof "he -$%ne

Re+$(a"or/ #%c(o$re o'er(oa#Re+$(a"or/ #%c(o$re o'er(oa#

Ue of fa%r 'a($eUe of fa%r 'a($e

&%c$(" an# of"en chan+%n+ nanc%a( re)or"%n+ "an#ar#&%c$(" an# of"en chan+%n+ nanc%a( re)or"%n+ "an#ar#Lac of for;ar# (oo%n+ %nfor*a"%onLac of for;ar# (oo%n+ %nfor*a"%on

')AC G%A S(,*0 1')AC G%A S(,*0 1

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I*)ro'e co**$n%ca"%on ;%"h%n "he nanc%a( re)or"%n+ $))(/I*)ro'e co**$n%ca"%on ;%"h%n "he nanc%a( re)or"%n+ $))(/

cha%ncha%nInc($#e *ore -$%ne3#r%'en %nfor*a"%on %n nanc%a( re)or"Inc($#e *ore -$%ne3#r%'en %nfor*a"%on %n nanc%a( re)or"

Be""er a(%+n %n"erna( an# e4"erna( re)or"%n+Be""er a(%+n %n"erna( an# e4"erna( re)or"%n+

I*)ro'e $er acce "o e(ec"ron%c #a"a, for e4a*)(e, BRLI*)ro'e $er acce "o e(ec"ron%c #a"a, for e4a*)(e, BRL

Enco$ra+e hor"3for* re)or"%n+ foc$%n+ on "he *a"er%a(Enco$ra+e hor"3for* re)or"%n+ foc$%n+ on "he *a"er%a(

%$e%$e

ts-ii-a

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