truckee river restoration

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A Stream System in Transition Michael Josselyn, PhD WRA, Inc.

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Review of restoration projects along the Truckee River

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Page 1: Truckee River Restoration

A Stream System in Transition

Michael Josselyn, PhDWRA, Inc.

Page 2: Truckee River Restoration

Why the Truckee River?Small western river—100 miles in lengthImportant water source to Reno and Lake Tahoe area—years of litigationEncompasses alpine to great basin desert biomesFederal, state, local, and tribal interests in restoration

Small western river—100 milesIntrastate and tribal interests—extensive litigation on water rightsEncompasses alpine to basin desert biomesActive restoration efforts by federal, state, local, non‐profits, and tribal agencies

Page 3: Truckee River Restoration

Personal interestLive on the Truckee RiverKayak and float the riverSail on Lake TahoeVolunteer for restoration activities on the riverProfessional activities involve wetland restoration in Truckee watershed

Page 4: Truckee River Restoration

Public uses of the Truckee

Drinking water sourceIntrastate Water Master

Irrigation Agriculture in lower reach

Active RecreationRaftingFishing

Passive recreationTribal uses in Pyramid LakeNumerous agency, public, and non‐profit stakeholders

Page 5: Truckee River Restoration

Changes to watershed since 1850sMultiple timber harvestsIncreased urbanization and impervious surfaceLand clearing for ski resorts/golf coursesFilling and alteration of wetlands and streamsIncreased nutrient loadingIntroduction of invasive speciesDevelopment in flood plain

Page 6: Truckee River Restoration

Habitat loss in upper reaches

Page 7: Truckee River Restoration

Stream incision in middle reach

Page 8: Truckee River Restoration

Flooding is major issue in lower Truckee

Page 9: Truckee River Restoration

Ranking of Issues per ReachImpact Upper Middle Lower

Habitat loss +++ ++ +++Water impairment +++ ++ +

Flooding + + +++

Invasive species +++ + +Stormwatermanagement +++ ++ ++Endangeredaquatic species + +++ +++

Upper

MiddleLower

Page 10: Truckee River Restoration

Habitat Restoration GoalsUpper Watershed (Lake Tahoe)

Restore alpine meadow and high gradient streamsReduce sediment discharge and nutrient input

Middle Watershed (Truckee River Valley and Canyon)Restore wet meadowsRestore fish habitatReduce water quality impairment

Lower Watershed (Reno and Pyramid Lake)Flood managementRestore riparian habitat

Page 11: Truckee River Restoration

Restoration of Upper Truckee

Alpine meadows feeding Lake Tahoe filled

Marina and housingAirportGolf course

Channel straightened Flow rates increasedChannel incisionLoss of hydrology to meadow area

1960s style development in south Lake Tahoe

Joint Project of California Department of Parks and Recreation, the Bureau of Reclamation andthe Tahoe Regional Planning Agency (TRPA)

Page 12: Truckee River Restoration

Project envisioning process (2004‐2009) 

Driven primarily by water quality concernsHabitat loss recognized, but of secondary concernNumerous stakeholdersBoth ecologic and economic driversProject phased with first phase being conducted by State Parks at golf course

Clear basis for action due to loss of golf course  California DPR

Page 13: Truckee River Restoration

Golf Course Phase:

1.  Increase stream length2. Remove fairways and restore

wet meadow3.  Install grade controls in channel

Page 14: Truckee River Restoration

Raises thalweg and hydrologic connection to low terrace wetland

2010 Project status:  Design and environmental review complete; State funds frozen

Page 15: Truckee River Restoration

Water quality improvement around Lake Tahoe

Primary goal is to restore lake water clarity—78 feet Objectives

Reduce sediment input to LakeReduce nutrient inputs to LakeReduce impervious surface surrounding lakeControl stormwater input from urbanized areas

Funded through federal, state, and local governments‐‐$1.5 billion over last ten years

Page 16: Truckee River Restoration

Sediment control actionsDrainage to swales Curb and cut erosion controls

Page 17: Truckee River Restoration

Stormwater Treatment WetlandsWetland swales near parking areas Wet meadow detention basins

Page 18: Truckee River Restoration

Restore wetland meadowsRecreating ponded areas 

behind lake bermsRemoving channelized 

sections

Page 19: Truckee River Restoration

Small stream restorationRestore meanders Use logs for grade control

Page 20: Truckee River Restoration

RevegetationWillow plantings Mulching and hydroseed

Page 21: Truckee River Restoration

Blackwood Creek Restoration303 (d) “impaired water” due to sediment dischargeCold water fish habitat loss Local flooding and bridge structure loss

VideoFrom SWRCB (2007)

Page 22: Truckee River Restoration

Grade control action to provide spawning habitat

Page 23: Truckee River Restoration

Blackwood Creek restorationRedirect stream using boulder placement Restore natural gradient

Page 24: Truckee River Restoration

Middle Truckee: Meadow Restoration

Valley floor meadows degraded over timeHabitat lossLoss of water storageIncrease in nutrient dischargeRestoration focused on restoring natural hydrology:  

Pond and Plug methods

Page 25: Truckee River Restoration

Restoring natural hydrology

Natural hydrology of Wet Meadow

Watershed degradation

Increased flow flows and incision of 

channel

Drying and loss of hydrology to wet 

meadow

Pond and Plug: Create ponds and use soil to fill incised channel 

Photos: Jim Steele, SFSU

Page 26: Truckee River Restoration

From Barry Hill (US Forest Service)

Page 27: Truckee River Restoration

Carmen Creek ProjectBefore After

Downcutting of streamIsolation of wet meadow

Plug in far backgroundPonds water into meadow

Jim Steele, SFSU

Page 28: Truckee River Restoration

Perazzo Meadow Project: Little Truckee River

Dairy operations in wet meadow; channel incisionWater table lowered 3 feet1.5 miles of pond and plug (30 plugs)Funded under  ARRA

USDA, FS

Page 29: Truckee River Restoration

Perazzo Meadows: Volunteer Work Day

Back‐filled channel Planting plugs around ponds

Page 30: Truckee River Restoration

Restored hydrology: Bear Creek

Hammersmark 2008

Page 31: Truckee River Restoration

Truckee River Canyon: A Natural Area between Truckee and Reno

Page 32: Truckee River Restoration

Lower Truckee: Flood managementRiver highly constrained by development in RenoBridges are primary constraint to flow downtownOutside of urban core: opportunity for riparian habitat

Page 33: Truckee River Restoration

Downtown:Free standing bridges/flood walls

Improve flood flowLittle opportunity for habitat improvement along edge of riverSome additional  

recreational benefits I including trails and 

river park

Page 34: Truckee River Restoration

Raising flood elevation at bridges with public access to the river

Page 35: Truckee River Restoration

Downstream opportunitiesSuburban areas Rural areas

Flood protection still vital to protect public health and safetySome limited area for habitat improvement

Opportunity to expand flood plain and restore natural river hydrologyMajor habitat restoration possible

Page 36: Truckee River Restoration

Suburban: Flood walls/terracing

Page 37: Truckee River Restoration

River diversion for constructionCreating diversion Diversion channel

Page 38: Truckee River Restoration

Under Construction: 2010Flood wall and walkway Dewatered channel 

construction

Page 39: Truckee River Restoration

River Park Completed: 2010Lower part of 

reconstructed gradient Looking upstream to GSR

Page 40: Truckee River Restoration

Lower Truckee Ecosystem Restoration Project Goals

Restore 50 miles of the Truckee River's ecosystemRestore fisheries, including the threatened Lahontan Cutthroat Trout and endangered Cui‐uiEnhance deer, mountain lion, duck, and song‐bird habitat Enhance water quality Provide enhanced recreation opportunities, river access, and open‐space 

Page 41: Truckee River Restoration

McCarran Ranch ProjectPilot project to demonstrate restoration of habitat and natural river hydrology

Meant to stimulate additional restoration on lower Truckee

Project funded at $1.2 millionMany project participants: 

Nature Conservancy, Cities of Reno and Sparks, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Corps of Engineers, Nevada Division of Environmental Protection, Regional Water Planning Commission, National Fish and Wildlife Foundation and the US Bureau of Reclamation

Page 42: Truckee River Restoration

Riparian habitat restorationMcCarran Ranch Pilot Project

River previously channelized for flood controlLoss of wetland and fisheries habitat

From Chris Dunn, HEC

Page 43: Truckee River Restoration

Project goalsCreate new river meanderPond and riffle construction for fish habitatOxbow wetland creationLeopard frog breeding pondsNest boxes; brush piles; underground dens for wildlife

Page 44: Truckee River Restoration

Corps of Engineers:  Ecosystem Functions Model (EFM) 

Links hydraulic parameters with ecological properties

HEC‐EFM linked to HEC‐RASGIS framework

Allows for testing under various flow regimesProvides for basis to predict future conditions under modified landscapeDeveloped at Corps ERDC and U Nevada DRI

Page 45: Truckee River Restoration

HEC‐EFMFunctional relationships with flow and stageStatistical computational package developed by CorpsTranslates statistical results on flow and stage:

Water depth, velocity, and inundated areaLinked to GIS

Page 46: Truckee River Restoration

From Chris Dunn, HEC

Page 47: Truckee River Restoration

From Chris Dunn, HEC

Page 48: Truckee River Restoration

Project Design and ConstructionPartially Funded under Corps 1135 program

Grade control Oxbox construction

Video

Page 49: Truckee River Restoration

Current conditions: 2010

Page 50: Truckee River Restoration

Future projects

Page 51: Truckee River Restoration

SummaryTruckee River is a unique example of river restoration

Alpine to desert environmentsIncludes areas of national interest: Lake TahoeWatershed impacts include wide range of activities

Restoration includes a wide‐range of technologiesWetland restoration of alpine meadowsStream gradient control and channel restoration

Expanded efforts to restore entire length of river and watershed

Broad governmental and non‐profit partnerships

Page 52: Truckee River Restoration