truck aerodynamic design
TRANSCRIPT
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Driver ???
Aerodynamics 20%
Idle Reduction 10%
Tires 5%
Weight 2%
Lubes 2%
OPPORTUNITY
Projected Improvement in MPG(Tractor with Van Trailer)
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AERODYNAMIC DRAG
Drag Fraction Drag Fraction
CD < 0.05 CD > 0.50Attached Flow Separated Flow
CDpressure
CDfriction
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Horsepower
/Resistan
ce
Speed, MPH
Rolling Resistance + Accessories
Aerodynamic Drag (CD = 0.60)
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
Force Trends
DRAG POLAR
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AERODYNAMIC DRAG
Aerodynamic Drag = CD x S x (1/2) U2
drag coefficient reference area
Reduce Size
dynamic pressure
Reduce SpeedChange Shape
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Ho
rsepower
/Resistance
Speed, MPH
Rolling Resistance + Accessories
Aerodynamic Drag (CD = 0.60)Aerodynamic Drag (CD = 0.48)
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
10%Fuel Savings =
Model Drive Cycle
10% Fuel Savings
DRAG POLAR
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Ho
rsepower
/Resistan
ce
Speed, MPH
Rolling Resistance + Accessories
Aerodynamic Drag (CD = 0.60)Aerodynamic Drag (CD = 0.48)
20 30 40 50 60 70 80
10% 12%8.6%Fuel Savings =
Effect of Drive Cycle
DRAG POLAR
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ENERGY AUDIT
Vehicle Energy Audit(Non Engine Losses)
Aerodynamic Losses
52.5%
Drivetrain
5.6%
Auxiliary Loads
9.4%
Rolling Resistance
32.5%
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Aerodynamic Energy Audit
25% Tractor Drag75% Trailer Drag- 30% Trailer Front Face
- 35% Trailer Base
- 35% Undercarriage
Target Areas Drag Hot Spots
ENERGY AUDIT
Trailer Aerodynamics = +15% mpg
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Trailer Type
%D
ragReduction
DRAG REDUCTION
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Potential Fuel Savings
FUEL SAVINGSTRAILER TYPE
SURFACE GAP UNDER BASE TOTAL
Flat Bed Load= 20% 2% 4% 2% 8%
Insulated Tank -------
-------
-------
-------
10%
-------
2% 4% 3% 9%
Reefer 3% 5% 5% 13%
Low Boy 5% 2% 6% 13%
Dry Van 5% 5% 5% 15%
Nnon-Insulated Tank 2% 4% 3% 19%
Doubles 8% 6% 5% 19%
DRAG REDUCTION
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1. Simple and Low Cost
2. Quick ROI
3. Minimize Impact on Operations
4. Minimize Maintenance
5. Robust Performance Envelope
6. On-Road Repair
Design Criteria
AERODYNAMIC DESIGN
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Aerodynamic Design Approach
Attached Flow Design Excellent Drag Reduction
Complex Shapes
Narrow Performance Envelope
Point Designs
Separated Flow Design Excellent Drag Reduction
Simple Shapes
Broad Performance Envelope
Robust Designs
Flow Blocking Design Good Drag Reduction
Simple Shapes
Narrow Performance Envelope
Device Drag Penalty
AERODYNAMIC DESIGN
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Vortex Strakes
Boattail
Base Panels/Flaps
Skirt
Fairing
Mini-Skirt
Vortex Traps
Shaping
Close Gap
Aerodynamic Technology Options
AERODYNAMIC SOLUTIONS
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Trailer Front Face (Gap) OptionsSEPARATED FLOW
Silver Eagle
ATTACHED FLOW
Nose Cone
BLOCK FLOW
Gap Closing
+ 3% mpg
+ 2% mpg
+ 5% mpg
AERODYNAMIC SOLUTIONS
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Trailer Undercarriage Options
SEPARATED FLOW
Silver Eagle
ATTACHED FLOW
Laydon Composites
BLOCK FLOW
Airman Systems
+ 5% mpg
+ 5% mpg
+ 5% mpg
AERODYNAMIC SOLUTIONS
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Trailer Base Options
SEPARATED FLOW ATTACHED FLOW
+ 5% mpg+ 5% mpg
+ 2% mpg + 4% mpg
Silver Eagle
Silver Eagle
Transtex Composites
Aerovolution
AERODYNAMIC SOLUTIONS
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Technology Options
FUEL SAVINGS
COMPANY
DESIGN
FLOW GAP UNDER BASE TOTAL
Attach
Separated
Block
Attach & Block
Block
Attach
Separated
Attach
AEROVOLUTION ------ ------ 4% 4%
AIRTAB ------ ------ 3% 3%
AIRMAN SYSTEMS ------ 5% ------ 5%
FREIGHT WING 2% 4% ------ 6%
LAYDON COMPOSITES ------ 5% ------ 5%
NOSE CONE 3% ------ ------ 3%
SILVER EAGLE MFG 4% 5% 5% 14%
TRANSTEX COMPOSITES ------ ------ 5% 5%
AERODYNAMIC SOLUTIONS
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AERODYNAMIC SOLUTIONS
Demonstrated: 10%
Projected Potential: 15%
Concept/Design: 10%
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CONCLUDING REMARKS
Trailer Aerodynamic Technology (TAT)
Sensitive to Design Flow Type
Sensitive to Tractor and Trailer Design
Affected by operations and environment
Increase fuel economy 10% to 15%
Delivers savings at all speeds
Can benefit all trailer types
Perform an aerodynamic and energy audit
Match the device to vehicle aerodynamicsUnderstand your operational environment
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Richard M. WoodSOLUS - Solutions and Technologies LLC
754 Suffolk Lane
Virginia Beach, VA 23452
Web: www.solusinc.com
Email: [email protected]: 757-486-3570
Fax: 757-486-3570
CONTACT INFO
http://www.solusinc.com/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.solusinc.com/