tropical peatland restoration report: the indonesian tropical peatland restoration report: the...

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Tropical Peatland Restoration Report: the Indonesian case

Technical Report · February 2018

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.30049.40808

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(MCA-Indonesia funded) Berbak Green Prosperity Program in Jambi View project

EMRP Master Plan for the Rehabilitation and Rehabilitation of the Ex-Mega Rice Project Area in

Central Kalimantan View project

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Euroconsult Mott MacDonald

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Tropical Peatland Restoration Report: The Indonesian Case

Berbak Green Prosperity Partnership/ Kemitraan Kesejatheraan Hijau (Kehijau Berbak)

Millennium Challenge Account Indonesia

Contract No. 2015/Grant/010

Euroconsult Mott MacDonald in association with: - Universitas Jambi - Mitra Aksi Foundation - Perkumpulan Gita Buana - Perkumpulan Walestra

5 February 2018

Euroconsult Mott MacDonald Graha CIMB Niaga, 16th Floor, Jl. Jenderal Sudirman Kav. 58, Jakarta 12190 T +62 (21) 252 6588 – Ext. 111; +62 (21) 2985 0012 Mott MacDonald, Amsterdamseweg 15, 6814 CM Arnhem, PO Box 441, 6800 AK, Arnhem, Netherlands T +31 (0)26 3577 111 F +31 (0)26 3577 577 W www.mottmac.com

Tropical Peatland Restoration Report: the Indonesian Case Berbak Green Prosperity Partnership Kemitraan Kesejatheraan Hijau (Kehijau Berbak)

5 February 2018

Millennium Challenge Account – Indonesia MR21 Building, 11th Floor

Jl. Menteng Raya 21 Jakarta Pusat – 10340 Indonesia

Co-Financers: Vendors: - Financial Access - ISCC / Meo Carbon - ProSympac - Akvo

- SNV - Deltares - Forest Carbon - Financial Access - ProSympac - Meo Carbon - Akvo

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Tropical Peatland Restoration Report: Indonesian Case

T +31 (0)26 3577 111 F +31 (0)26 3577 577 W www.mottmac.com

Issue and revision record

Revision Date Originator Checker Approver Description 01 8 September 2017 Wim Giesen Eli Nur Nirmala Sari

Rens Verstappen Hero Heering First draft do for BRG

02 31 October 2017 Wim Giesen Eli Nur Nirmala Sari

Rens Verstappen Hero Heering Revised draft, with gaps

03 18 November 2017 Wim Giesen Rens Verstappen Eli Nur Nirmala Sari

Hero Heering Final draft

04 20 December 2017 Wim Giesen Eli Nur Nirmala Sari

BRG working groups & deputy directors

Rens Verstappen

Hero Heering Final

05 5 February 2018 Wim Giesen

Eli Nur Nirmala Sari

Rens Verstappen Hero Heering Revised final, after comments

received from D4 on 31 January 2018

Tropical Peatland Restoration Report: Indonesian Case

T +31 (0)26 3577 111 F +31 (0)26 3577 577 W www.mottmac.com

This document is issued for the party which commissioned it and for specific purposes connected with the above-captioned project only. It should not be relied upon by any other party or used for any other purpose.

We accept no responsibility for the consequences of this document being relied upon by any other party, or being used for any other purpose, or containing any error or omission which is due to an error or omission in data supplied to us by other parties

This document contains confidential information and proprietary intellectual property. It should not be shown to other parties without consent from us and from the party which commissioned it.

Tropical Peatland Restoration Report: Indonesian Case

i

Contents

Page

List of Abbreviations iv

Foreword vi

Executive Summary viii

1. Introduction 1

2. Rewetting 5

2.1 Common pitfalls re rewetting ____________________________________________________ 5 2.2 Drainage & subsidence ________________________________________________________ 7 2.3 Flooding in peatland _________________________________________________________ 10 2.4 Carbon emissions in drained peat (without fires) ___________________________________ 12 2.5 Fires, peat loss & carbon emissions _____________________________________________ 13 2.6 Rewetting to curb peat loss ____________________________________________________ 14 2.7 Approaches to rewetting ______________________________________________________ 16

2.7.1 Canal blocking and infilling ______________________________________________ 16 2.7.2 Deep well establishment ________________________________________________ 22

2.8 Knowledge gaps ____________________________________________________________ 22

3. Revegetation 24

3.1 Types of Revegetation ________________________________________________________ 24 3.2 Paludiculture _______________________________________________________________ 28

3.2.1 Misunderstanding about paludiculture in Indonesia ___________________________ 28 3.2.2 Potential for paludiculture in Indonesia _____________________________________ 30 3.2.3 Cases of paludiculture in Indonesia _______________________________________ 32 3.2.4 Mycorrhizae & PSF species _____________________________________________ 37 3.2.5 Regulatory obstacles for paludiculture in Indonesia ___________________________ 37 3.2.6 Paludiculture and degree of flooding ______________________________________ 38 3.2.7 Knowledge gaps re paludiculture _________________________________________ 38

3.3 Ecological restoration ____