tropical mangrove ecosystem book

7/26/2019 Tropical Mangrove Ecosystem Book

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Coastal and Estuarine Studies

Managing Editors'

Malcolm J. Bowman Richard T. Barber

ChristopherN.K. Mooers John A. Raven


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Coastal

and Estuarine Studies

41

A.I. Robertsonand D.M. Alongi (Eds.)

Tropical Mangrove

Ecosystems

American Geoph

Washington,DC

ysical Union


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Managing Editors

Malcolm J. Bowman

Marine Sciences Research Center, State Universityof New York

Stony Brook,N.Y. 11794, USA

Richard T. Barber

Duke Marine Laboratory

Beaufort, N.C. 28516, USA

ChristopherN.K. Mooers

Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory

Institute or the Study of the Earth, Oceans and Space

Universityof New Hampshire

Durham, N.H. 03824-3525, USA

John A. Raven

Dept. of Biological ciences,DundeeUniversity

Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland

Editors

Alistar I. Robertson

Australian Institute of Marine Science

PMB No 3

Townsville MC

Queensland 4810

AUSTRALIA

Daniel M. Alongi


PMB No 3

Townsville MC

Queensland 4810

AUSTRALIA

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-PublicationData

Tropicalmangrove cosystems A.I. Robertson nd D.M. Alongi eds.).

p. cm.- (Coastaland estuarineseries; 41)

Includesbibliographicaleferences.

ISBN 0-87590-255-3

1. Mangroveswampecology. I. Robertson, . I. (Alistar .)

II. Alongi,D. M. (DanielM.) III. Series.

QH541.5.M27T76 1992

574.5'26325dc20

ISSN 0733-9569

ISBN 0-87590-255-3

92-44357

CIP

Copyright992 by the American eophysicalnion, 000 Florida venue,NW, Washington,

DC 20009, U.S.A.

Figures,ables, ndshort xcerpts aybereprintednscientificooks nd ournalsf hesource

is properlycited.

Authorizationo photocopytemsor nternal r personalse,or the nternal r personalseof

specific lients,s granted y the American eophysicalnion or libraries nd otherusers

registered ith the Copyright learanceCenter(CCC) Transactionaleporting ervice,

providedhat he base ee of 1.00per copyplus 0.10perpage s paiddirectlyo CCC,21

Congress treet,Salem,MA 10970.0733-9569/87/ 01.. 10.

This consentdoes not extend o other kindsof copying, uchas copying or creatingnew

collective orksor forresale.The reproductionf multiple opies nd heuseof fullarticles r the

useof extracts,ncludingigures nd ables, orcommercialurposesequires ermissionrom

AGU.

Printed in the United States of America.


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Preface

Mangrove orestsare a dominant eatureof tropicalcoasts. Like their terrestrialcounterparts

these orestsare under hreatworldwide hrougha variety of destructive umanpractices.As

is also the case with tropical terrestrial forests, managementdecisions about mangrove

ecosystems re currentlybeing made often without adequate undamentalknowledgeof the

processes ontrollingnaturalecosystemunction.

Since the mid 1970's, he Australian nstitute of Marine Science ALMS) has had in place

a researchprogram investigating he structureand dynamics of mangrove ecosystems n

tropical Australia. Early results of this researchwere summarized n 1982 in the book

entitled Mangrove ecosystemsn Australia.' structure, unction and management, dited by

B.F. Clough. We felt that the time was ripe for a review of work during the decade 1981-

1991, and so approached ll pastandpresentAIMS mangrove esearchworkers o contribute

to this volume. With the exceptionof Steve Blaber and Colin Woodroffe, all authorshave

worked at AIMS as staff members,or visiting scientists.We thought t appropriate hat since

John Bunt instigated much of the early work on mangrove ecosystems n northeastern

Australia, he should introduce this volume.

While we are sure that this volume will serve as a useful sourcebook for managersof

mangrovewetlands,most chapters dentify the often substantial aps n our knowledgeof

thesesystems.Given the rate of lossof mangrove orestsworldwide, he challenge or future

workerson tropicalmangrovesystemswill be to fill these mportantgaps n our knowledge,

while at the same time publicizing their researchresults and making them available to

managers seeChapter 11, this volume).

All major chapterswere reviewed by one external and one AIMS scientist. We thank

Marylin Ball, BetsyJackes,Chad Pattiaratchi, ichardPearson,GordonThayer,BruceThom,

Ivan Valiela and Bill Wiebe for review of chapters. All word processingwas performedby

FrancesConn,SteveClarke,RhondaLyons,Sue SmithandKim Wicks. Marty Edenproduced

all of the final figuresandChristineCansfield-Smithroducedhe camera eady ext anddid the

copy editing. We also acknowledge the scientific support sections at AIMS for their

professionalssistanceith muchof theresearcheviewedn thisvolume.

Alistar Robertson nd Daniel Alongi

Townsville, June 1992.


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Contents

Preface

List of Contributors ix

1 Introduction

J.S. Bunt

Mangrove sedimentsand geomorphology

C. Woodroffe

Mangrove hydrodynamics

E. Wolanski, Y. Mazda and P. Ridd

43

Mangrove floristics and biogeography

N.C. Duke

63

5 Forest structure

T.J. Smith III

101

Benthic communities

D.M. Alongi and A. Sasekumar

137

Plankton, epibenthos and fish communities

A.I. Robertson and S.J.M. B laber

173

Primary productivity and growth of mangrove forests

B.F. Clough

225

Nitrogen and phosphoruscycles

D.M. Alongi, K.G. Boto and A.I. Robertson

251

10 Food chains and carbon fluxes

A.I. Robertson,D.M. Alongi and K.G. Boto

293

11 Concluding remarks' research and mangrove conservation

A.I. Robertson

327


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List of Contributors

Dr D.M. Alongi


PMB No 3

Townsville MC

Queensland4810

AUSTRALIA

Dr B.F. Clough


PMB No 3

Townsville MC

Queensland4810

AUSTRALIA

Dr S.J.M. B laber

CSIRO Marine Laboratories

PO Box 120

Cleveland

Queensland4163

AUSTRALIA

Dr N.C. Duke

Smithsonian ropicalResearchnstitute

Box 2072

Balboa

REPUBLIC OF PANAMA

Dr K.G. Boto


PMB No 3

Townsville MC

Queensland4810

AUSTRALIA

Prof. Y. Mazda

Schoolof Marine Scienceand Technology

Tokai University

Orido

Shimizu

Shizuoka

JAPAN 424

Dr J.S. Bunt

4/6 McDonald Street

Potts Point

N.S.W. 2011

AUSTRALIA

Dr P. Ridd

Department f Physics

JamesCook Universityof North Queensland

Townsville

Queensland4811

AUSTRALIA

ix


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x List of Contributors

Dr A.I. Robertson


PMB No 3

Townsville MC

Queensland4810

AUSTRALIA

Dr E Wolanski


PMB No 3

Townsville MC

Queensland4810

AUSTRALIA

Dr A. Sasekumar

Departmentof Zoology

University of Malaya

Kuala Lumpur

MALAYSIA

Dr T.J. Smith III

RookeryBay National EstuarineResearch

Reserve

Florida Departmentof Natural Resources

10 Shell Island Road

Naples

Florida 33962

U.S.A.

Dr C. Woodroffe

Departmentof Geography

University of Wollongong

PO Box 1144

Wollongong

N.S.W. 2500

AUSTRALIA

tropical mangrove ecosystem book

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