tropical countries have a vast frontier to develop logging concessions are often bought by foreign...
TRANSCRIPT
Tropical countries have a vast frontier to develop
• Logging concessions are often bought by foreign owned multinational corporations
• Economic benefits are not seen by local residents most affected
• Sarawak has lost millions of acres of TRF to oil Palm production
• Indigenous people have lost their homes, pesticides contaminate water supplies
Loss of TRF on the island of Borneo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-1DQwaauwE
Forestry
• U.S. National Forest service est. 1905 (Pinchot)
• Goal: protect watersheds, extract timber
• Forest service builds roads for timber companies and oversees timber extraction
• Plantation Forestry: • even aged stands of one
species (monoculture) much like crop agriculture
• Uneven-aged stands – simulates a natural forest
Timber Harvesting• Clear cutting: most
cost efficient BUT has greatest ecological impact
• Seed tree or Shelterwood: small numbers of large trees are left to reseed the area or provide shelter for young saplings
• Selection system: A selected minority of trees are removed at one time
• No system is without environmental impact
The role of fire• For many years forest fires were
suppressed• Now, ecologists recognize the value
of prescribed / controlled burning.• Suppression leads to a build up of
dead wood (kindle for a huge fire)• Climate change brings drier warmer
weather• Prescribed burning allows
germination of certain forest species• However, it can get out of control• Salvage logging: physical removal of
dead trees• However, such trees are ecologically
valuable
Parks and Reserves
1. monumentalism: preserving unique features of the land ex. Grand canyon
2. Recreational value: hunting, fishing etc
3. Utilitarian benefit: watershed protection
4. To make use of land that is hard to develop
5. Preservation of biodiversity
• Areas of outstanding biodiversity
• Couple preservation with sustainable development
Why we created parks and reserves
Biosphere reserves